Bulletin of the American Physical Society
53rd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Volume 67, Number 7
Monday–Friday, May 30–June 3 2022; Orlando, Florida
Session Z09: New Methods and Applications in Precision MeasurementsRecordings Available
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Chair: Derek Jackson Kimball, California State University - East Bay Room: Salon 11/12 |
Friday, June 3, 2022 10:30AM - 10:42AM |
Z09.00001: Resonant continuous radio frequency field detection using Rydberg atoms Samuel Berweger, Alexandra B Artusio-Glimpse, Nikunjkumar Prajapati, Eric Imhof, Steven R Jefferts, Robert Wyllie, Brian C Sawyer, Thad G Walker, Christopher L Holloway, Matthew T Simons High-sensitivity Rydberg atom-based field sensing using electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler-Townes (AT) splitting requires a resonant radio frequency (RF) transition, limiting the effective bandwidth. In this work, we demonstrate that an additional adjacent resonant Rydberg tuner (ARRT) RF field can be used to improve sensitivity to far-detuned fields beyond that achievable by stark shift-based detection. Together with a theoretical analysis we show how this sensitivity improvement depends on the Rabi frequency and frequency detuning of the ARRT field. This approach provides sufficient bandwidth to link nearby Rydberg states for continuous frequency detection and thus overcomes bandwidth limitations associated with AT splitting-based approaches. |
Friday, June 3, 2022 10:42AM - 10:54AM |
Z09.00002: Rydberg atoms field sensors: The quest for weak field detection Nikunjkumar Prajapati, Samuel Berweger, Alexandra B Artusio-Glimpse, Andrew P Rotunno, Yoshiaki Kasahara, Andrea Alu, Richard W Ziolkowski, Matthew T Simons, Christopher L Holloway Rydberg atom-based radio frequency (RF) electrical (E) fields sensors are actively enabling new applications and techniques. One common goal in the development of atom-based sensors is to improve the minimal detectable field and sensitivity. The majority of the work on Rydberg-atom sensors relies on spectroscopy of highly excited atoms using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and their interaction with external electric fields in the form of Autler-Townes (AT) splitting. Using standard EIT/AT techniques, E-field strengths down to a few V/m can routinely be measured. Even lower fields, down to tenths of V/m, can be measured depending on the frequency and atomic states used. In this talk we will discuss various techniques to improve the detection of weak fields. These approaches will include: (1) optical re-pumping techniques, (2) RF heterodyne Rydberg atom-based mixer approaches, (3) optical homodyne techniques, (4) three-photon techniques, and (5) the use of RF resonators for field enhancements. The most important aspect here is the complimentary nature of these approaches. |
Friday, June 3, 2022 10:54AM - 11:06AM |
Z09.00003: Cooling the motion of a levitated nanoparticle by quadratic coupling and coherent scattering Antonio Pontin, Nathanaël P Bullier, Hayden Fu, Peter F Barker We report on cooling the center-of-mass motion of a nanoparticle by coupling its motion a high finesse cavity [1]. Our experiment exploits a hybrid trapping potential obtained by overlapping an electrodynamic potential (Paul trap) and an optical standing wave. The coupling between the optical field and the motion of the nanoparticle along the cavity axis can be tuned to be purely quadratic in displacement. We experimentally demonstrate that the resulting energy distribution is strongly nonthermal and can be controlled by the nonlinear damping induced by the cavity. Quadratic coupling has a prominent role in proposed protocols to generate non-Gaussian quantum states. While still in the classical regime, our work represents the first experimental demonstration of cooling exploiting this type of interaction. We will also present our initial results on cooling of a tweezer levitated nanoparticle exploiting coherent scattering. This technique, initially developed in the context of cavity QED, has been instrumental in achieving ground state cooling in a levitated system. Among the many appealing aspects of this approach is the possibility to simultaneously cool many degrees of freedom (DoF) of the nanoparticle and for a nonspherical one this includes the librational DoF. |
Friday, June 3, 2022 11:06AM - 11:18AM |
Z09.00004: Rapid mass determination of airborne microparticles based on release and recapture from a free-space optical dipole force trap Gehrig M Carlse, Kevin B Borsos, Hermina C Beica, Thomas Vaccheresse, Alexander Pouliot, Jorge Perez-Garcia, Andrew Vorozcovs, Boris Barron, Shira Jackson, Louis Marmet, A Kumarakrishnan We describe a method for the rapid determination of the mass of particles confined in an optical dipole force trap.* The technique relies on direct imaging of drop-and-restore experiments in a free-space environment. In these experiments, the trapping light is rapidly shuttered with an acousto-optic modulator, releasing and subsequently recapturing the particle using the trapping force. Both the fall and restoration trajectories, imaged using a high-speed CMOS sensor, are combined to determine the particle mass. We corroborate these measurements using an analysis of position autocorrelation functions and the mean-square displacement of the trapped particles. We report a statistical uncertainty of less than 2% for masses on the order of 5×10-14 kg in approximately 90 s of data acquisition. |
Friday, June 3, 2022 11:18AM - 11:30AM |
Z09.00005: Cooling a microwave mode below the thermal noise floor with a diamond NV ensemble Donald P Fahey, Kurt Jacobs, Matthew J Turner, Hyeongrak Choi, Dirk Englund, Matthew Trusheim An electromagnetic mode in the microwave band has a significant thermal photon occupation at room temperature. This thermal noise floor poses a limit for sensing and coherent manipulation in fundamental research, as well as applications ranging from wireless communications to position, navigation, and timing. We overcome this barrier in continuously cooling a 2.9 GHz cavity mode below the thermal noise limit by coupling it to an ensemble of optically spin-polarized nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in a room-temperature diamond. The NV spins are pumped into a low entropy state via a green laser and act as a heat sink to the microwave mode through their collective interaction with microwave photons. Using a simple detection circuit we report a peak noise reduction of -2.1 ± 0.1 dB and minimum cavity mode temperature of 178.3 ± 5.4 K. We present also a linearized model to identify the important features of the cooling, and demonstrate its validity through magnetically tuned, spectrally resolved measurements. |
Friday, June 3, 2022 11:30AM - 11:42AM |
Z09.00006: Search for the Expected Radiation due to Photoejection of an Inner Shell Electron Carl Franck, Philip Jacobson, Andrija Rasovic, Arthur Campello, Matthew Dykes R. Pratt et al. have called attention to the unsettled observational status for the radiation (intraatomic bremstahlung, IAB) expected upon the photoejection of inner shell electrons. We tested for such radiation in the 3 to 7 keV band produced by photoelectrons from the K shell of a copper target upon absorption of an incident 46 keV photon. Exploiting a prediction for the major background process: ordinary bremsstrahlung due to the encounter of the photoelectron with atoms other than that of its point of origin, we conclude that for our thinnest (40 nm) targets within statistical limits we observe no IAB radiation. In this manner, contemporary theory is ruled out by over 5 sigmas. Assuming no particular secondary process the intensity of observed IAB radiation is 4 sigmas below expectations. We conclude that in contrast to the sister nuclear process of internal bremsstrahlung observed upon beta decay, our understanding of intratomic bremsstrahlung remains lacking. |
Friday, June 3, 2022 11:42AM - 11:54AM |
Z09.00007: Atom trap trace analysis of Ca-41 samples at 10-16 abundance level Wei-Wei Sun, Tong-Yan Xia, Hui-Min Zhu, Wei jiang, Tian Xia, Zheng-Tian Lu Calcium is one of the most important metals that migrates easily between major geochemical reservoirs at the Earth’s surface: hydrosphere, biosphere and the crust. 41Ca, as a trace radioisotope with a half-life of 99.4 kyr, has the natural abundance from 3×10-15 to 2×10-14 on Earth’s surface. On the abundance level of 10-16, the most sensitive accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS) had the abundance measurement uncertainty of ~100%. In this work, we present an atom trap trace analysis (ATTA) method for 41Ca abundance measurement on the level of 10-16 with ~10% uncertainty. |
Friday, June 3, 2022 11:54AM - 12:06PM |
Z09.00008: Improvements on Atom Trap Trace Analysis of 39Ar yanqing Chu, Amin Tong, Jiqiang Gu, Xize Dong, Shuiming Hu, Weikang Hu, Zehua Jia, Wei jiang, Zhengtian Lu, Florian Ritterbusch, Liangting Sun, Zhaofeng Wan, Guoming Yang The noble gas radioisotope 39Ar (half-life = 268 years) is a natural clock in the environment and nearly ideal for dating water and ice in the age range of 50-1800 years due to its gaseous and inert properties. This extremely rare isotope (isotopic abundances in the environment of 10-17-10-15) can be measured by the laser-based method Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA), which features ultra-high selectivity and sensitivity. However, in the past the use of 39Ar dating in applications such as dating of ocean water and ice cores was hampered by sample size requirement, precision and sample throughput of the 39Ar analysis. |
Friday, June 3, 2022 12:06PM - 12:18PM |
Z09.00009: Generation of metastable krypton using a 124 nm laser Xize Dong, Zheng-Tian Lu, Wei jiang, Florian Ritterbusch, Xing-An Wang, Dao-Fu Yuan, Jie S Wang, Jing-Wen Yan, Guo-Min Yang, Wen-Tao Chen We have realized optical excitation of krypton to the metastable level with an efficiency as high as 23 % using near-resonant 124 nm light produced by four-wave-mixing in mercury vapor. Self-absorption in mercury is circumvented by adjusting detuning and phase match according to experimental and theoretical characterizations. Density matrix calculations of the metastable krypton generation agree with the measured dependencies of the excitation efficiency, indicating pathways towards a further improvement. The obtained excitation efficiency, being one order of magnitude higher than that of previously demonstrated techniques, enables a new metastable density regime for atomic physics applications, including magnetometry, atom lithography and radioisotope dating. |
Friday, June 3, 2022 12:18PM - 12:30PM |
Z09.00010: Optical excitation and trapping of 81Kr Jie S Wang, Florian Ritterbusch, Zhengtian Lu, Wei jiang, Guomin Yang We have realized optical excitation, trapping and detection of the radioisotope 81Kr with an isotopic abundance of 0.9 ppt. The 124 nm light needed for the production of metastable atoms is generated by a resonant discharge lamp. Photon transport through the optically thick krypton gas inside the lamp is simulated and optimized to enhance both brightness and resonance. We achieve a state-of-the-art 81Kr loading rate of 1800 atoms/h, which can be further scaled up by adding more lamps. The all-optical approach overcomes the limitations on precision and sample size of radiokrypton dating, enabling new applications in the earth sciences, particularly for dating of polar ice cores. |
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