Quantum computation and simulation based on fermion pair registers*

Recent experiments demonstrated that an ensemble of qubits can be realized by using vibrational modes of fermion pairs localized on optical lattices [1]. This approach has the advantages of long qubit coherence time, robustness against experimental imperfections such as laser intensity noise, and the scalability to large system sizes. In this work, we develop methods to engineer interactions between neighboring qubits, enabling quantum computation  and simulation in this new architecture. We utilize the combination of Feshbach resonance and the particle tunneling to construct entangling gates, as well as quantum Ising-type Hamiltonians with tunable coupling strength. Furthermore, we propose explicit experimental protocols to characterize and optimize the engineered quantum gates and Hamiltonian in realistic settings, demonstrated by our extensive numerical simulations. This work enables quantum computation and simulation in existing experimental platforms involving fermionic quantum gas microscopes.

Reference:

[1] Hartke, T. et al. Quantum register of fermion pairs. Nature 601, 537–541 (2022).