Bulletin of the American Physical Society
52nd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Volume 66, Number 6
Monday–Friday, May 31–June 4 2021; Virtual; Time Zone: Central Daylight Time, USA
Session H07: Cold Atoms and Ions for Clocks and SpectroscopyLive
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Chair: Edwin Pedrozo, MIT |
Wednesday, June 2, 2021 8:00AM - 8:12AM Live |
H07.00001: EIT cooling 171Yb atoms in magic-wavelength optical lattice Robert Niederriter, Igor Marques Van Der Put, Paul Hamilton Cooling atoms trapped in an optical dipole potential is complicated by the different AC Stark (light) shifts on the various electronic states and typically requires the optical trap to be at a “magic” wavelength that causes identical shifts for the relevant energy levels. Magic trapping potentials are especially important when using narrow-linewidth transitions common in alkaline-earth(-like) atoms such as Sr and Yb. The 1S0 – 3P1 transition in 171Yb has several useful magic wavelengths, including one halfway between the two hyperfine levels of the 3P1 state. Using a magic trapping potential, we perform narrow-line Doppler cooling and sub-Doppler dark-state cooling based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). EIT cooling is effective over a wide range of trap vibrational frequencies and has cooling timescale ∼1 ms. These features hold promise for quickly cooling large numbers of trapped atoms near or below the photon-recoil energy, which could be useful for preparing ultracold atom samples for interferometry, clocks, and other atomic physics experiments. |
Wednesday, June 2, 2021 8:12AM - 8:24AM Live |
H07.00002: Benchmarking cavity lattices via atomic clock shifts Annie Jihyun Park, Neven Šantić, Jan Truatmann, André Heinz, Valentin Klüsener, Immanuel F Bloch, Sebastian Blatt We have developed ultra-high-vacuum compatible cavities to create large-scale, two-dimensional optical lattices for use in experiments with ultracold atoms. The assembly consists of an octagon-shaped spacer made from ultra-low-expansion glass, to which we optically contact cavity mirrors, leading to a high degree of mechanical and thermal stability. The advantages of such cavities include increasing the system sizes in quantum gas microscopes by an order of magnitude compared to the state-of-the-art, improving the lattice homogeneity, and enhancing the lattice depth. We have integrated the cavities into an ultracold Strontium machine and benchmarked the size and homogeneity of the lattice by imaging the intensity profile via atomic clock shifts. Our clock spectroscopy can also locally resolve the vibrational modes, thus allowing us to locally probe temperatures. We do not observe discernible heating while holding the atoms in the lattices up to 15 seconds, and we observe atom lifetime of a minute. Our results present a viable solution to create ultracold atoms experiments where compactness, stability, and large, deep lattices can be achieved simultaneously. |
Wednesday, June 2, 2021 8:24AM - 8:36AM Live |
H07.00003: Signature of collective effects in the frequency-comb-induced radiation pressure force Mateo Kruljac, Danijel Buhin, Domagoj Kovačić, Vjekoslav Vulić, Damir Aumiler, Ticijana Ban In recent years, the applications of optical frequency combs (FCs) have expanded to laser cooling and trapping of atoms and ions, and quantum communication. For these novel and intriguing applications of FCs, it is necessary to understand the FC light-matter interactions, and to verify whether and to what extent they are comparable to continuous-wave (cw) light-matter interactions. It is particularly important to understand FC light scattering and accompanying effects. |
Wednesday, June 2, 2021 8:36AM - 8:48AM Live |
H07.00004: Laser cooling hydrogen on nanosecond time scales Nathaniel D McDonough, Tharon D Morrison, Gerald Gabrielse We describe prospects of laser cooling an atomic hydrogen beam using pulsed nanosecond Lyman-α laser sources. Laser cooling a hydrogen beam will enable aggressive reduction of the limiting systematics of important measurements of hydrogen's structure, most notably the 1S-2S transition. The Lyman-α transition allows extremely rapid 109 m/s2 deceleration when the transition is saturated, due to hydrogen's very large 3.26 m/s recoil velocity and the 2P state's short 1.6 ns lifetime. Furthermore, laser sources with saturating intensities (at useful 1 mm beam sizes) have been demonstrated using non-resonant third-harmonic generation in krypton, namely a 190 nJ/pulse Ti:sapph based laser we have recently developed [1]. A single 16 ns pulse will noticeably affect a 6.5K hydrogen beam. We have simulated this basic scenario and discuss prospects of laser upgrades that could enable a robust laser cooling of hydrogen towards the Doppler limit. [1] G. Gabrielse et al., Opt. Lett. 43, 2905-2908 (2018). |
Wednesday, June 2, 2021 8:48AM - 9:00AM Live |
H07.00005: Camera Capabilities and Limitations with a Focus on Neutral Atoms Keith Bennett, Stephanie Fullerton, Klea Dhimitri, Kunihiko Tsuchiya, Takafumi Higuchi, Tadashi Maruno No scientific camera is perfect and no camera is ideal for every application; there are always tradeoffs. A "scientific" camera is similar to an instrument and understanding the precision and accuracy of measurements facilitates high quality research. Dr. Bennett will describe the architectures and limitations of EMCCD and sCMOS camera technologies emphasizing the relevance of these differences focusing on application to the error rate of neutral atom and trapped ion state detection. We will review resolution, speed, different camera noise factors, field of view, throughput, full well capacity, dynamic range, quantum efficiency, modulation transfer function, and pixel uniformity. |
Wednesday, June 2, 2021 9:00AM - 9:12AM Live |
H07.00006: Efficient preparation of \mathrm{^{2}P_{3/2}} state in 171Yb+ Wance Wang, Connor Goham, Andrew Laugharn, Joe Britton Interfacing matter-based quantum processors with flying qubits is a building block for quantum networking. Long-lived 171Yb+ hyperfine qubits have been entangled through free-space using 369 nm photons [1]. Recently, an approach to directly generate 171Yb+-entangled telecom photons was proposed based on scattering from the 2P3/2 state into an optical cavity [2]. We report on progress toward this goal by two-step excitation of P3/2 via a meta-stable D-state; this avoids directly driving the deep-UV D2 line (329 nm) expected to charge mirror surfaces due to photoelectrons. |
Wednesday, June 2, 2021 9:12AM - 9:24AM Live |
H07.00007: Minimal Overhead Detection of 171Yb+ Micromotion in 3D Connor Goham, Joe Britton Atomic ions stored in RF Paul traps exhibit driven motion at the trap frequency known as micromotion [1]. This modulates optical fields seen by the ions, presenting a nuisance for their use in metrology and quantum information [2,3,4]. In heavier ions, the cooling linewidth and trap frequency are often commensurate, complicating measurement of the induced sidebands. In Yb+, the standard 935 nm repump transition has a natural linewidth of 2π×4.2 MHz in comparison to the cooling linewidth of 2π×19.6 MHz and standard trapping frequencies of ΩRF~2π×30 MHz, allowing resolution of the micromotion spectrum without inducing Doppler heating. In-line fiber EOM permits rapid laser control allowing easy measurement along three directions without increasing detection background scatter or inducing trap charging. The result is a rapid method for probing and minimizing micromotion in 3D with very low operational overhead. |
Wednesday, June 2, 2021 9:24AM - 9:36AM Live |
H07.00008: Sympathetic Cooling in Long Yb+ Chains Marko Cetina, Laird Egan, Debopriyo Biswas, Or Katz, Crystal Noel, Daiwei Zhu, Andrew Risinger, Christopher R Monroe In trapped-ion systems, quantum computation is limited by motional heating due to fluctuating electric fields, shuttling operations, and mid-circuit measurements. While direct Doppler cooling techniques alter the qubits’ quantum state, sympathetic cooling with a mixed atomic species can counter this problem. Using different-mass atomic species for cooling alters the ions’ motional modes, slowing down the cooling and degrading the performance of motional ion gates. We minimize the effects of mass imbalance by cooling 171Yb+ using the 2S1/2-2D3/2 transition in 172Yb+ to remove motional energy, while using a laser near-resonant with the 2D3/2-3D[3/2]1/2 transition for state reset. The small mass imbalance enables efficient cooling of both axial and radial modes of chains of ≥15 Yb+ ions, while limiting crosstalk errors in nearby 171Yb+ hyperfine qubits to <5×10-4 per qubit, per cooling cycle. |
Wednesday, June 2, 2021 9:36AM - 9:48AM Live |
H07.00009: Synthesizing Optical Spectra Using Computer-Generated Holography Techniques Connor Holland, Yukai Lu, Lawrence W Cheuk We present a novel mapping between computer-generated holography (CGH) and optical spectrum generation via phase modulation. Using this mapping, we create arbitrary optical spectra by modulating light with a time-dependent phase generated through holography techniques. Since our method is compatible with non-linear optical processes such as sum frequency generation and second harmonic generation, one can leverage existing high-bandwidth phase modulators in the NIR to generate arbitrary spectra in the visible, which is often needed in laser-cooling of molecules. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we create spectra suitable for cycling photons on the X-B transition in CaF and demonstrate efficient molecular beam slowing with the modulated light. Our technique could greatly simplify experimental setups for laser-cooling complex molecules, where multiple closely spaced optical frequencies could be needed. |
Wednesday, June 2, 2021 9:48AM - 10:00AM Live |
H07.00010: Isotope-selective Laser Ablation Loading of Trapped Barium Ions Pei Jiang Low, Brendan Bramman, Matthew L Day, Crystal Senko Loading an ion into an ion trap is the first step of any trapped ion experiments. We report on a laser ablation technique for loading barium ions. This technique has several advantages over the pioneering technique of loading via oven heating, most notably the more efficient use of the target material, the ability to use a compound form material, and lower heat load. Naturally occurring barium has a significant spread of its isotopic distribution, with Ba-138 being the most abundant at 71.7%. To enable targeted loading of a select isotope, we exploit the different first excitation energies of neutral barium isotopes in a two-step photoionization technique. We present the performance of barium ion loading by laser ablation of a BaCl2 target substrate. The loading efficiency and consistency are characterized. We also demonstrate a higher loading selectivity of Ba-137 than its natural abundance of 11.2%.
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