Bulletin of the American Physical Society
49th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics APS Meeting
Volume 63, Number 5
Monday–Friday, May 28–June 1 2018; Ft. Lauderdale, Florida
Session D08: Matter Wave Interferometry |
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Chair: Michael Foss-Feig, Army Research Lab Room: Grand F |
Tuesday, May 29, 2018 2:00PM - 2:12PM |
D08.00001: Rotation Sensing with Trapped Ions Adam West, Randy Putnam, Wes Campbell, Paul Hamilton State-of-the-art rotation sensing uses Sagnac interferometers where the rotation-induced phase scales with the angular momentum and the integration time. Using trapped ions affords enhancement of both of these quantities; massive particles provide large momentum and trapped ions in particular permit longer coherence times than with cold atoms. We have built a new apparatus to realize a Sagnac interferometer using a single $^{138}$Ba ion [1]. We will extend the recently-developed technique of spin-dependent kicks (SDKs) $[2]$ to entangle the ion's motion with the internal state defined by a pair of Zeeman sublevels. We anticipate rotation sensing precision competitive with other matter-wave interferometers. Implementation of SDKs with Zeeman levels in $^{138}$Ba may also provide a versatile technique of achieving large momentum transfer that could be broadly applicable to matter-wave interferometery. \begin{thebibliography}{9} \bibitem{us}W. C. Campbell and P. Hamilton, J. Phys. B 50, 064002 (2017) \bibitem{MonroeSDK}J. Mizrahi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 203001 (2013) \end{thebibliography} [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 29, 2018 2:12PM - 2:24PM |
D08.00002: ABSTRACT WITHDRAWN |
Tuesday, May 29, 2018 2:24PM - 2:36PM |
D08.00003: Integrated rotation sensing platform based on matter-wave solitons Avinash Deshmukh, Hil Fung Harry Cheung, Yogesh S Patil, Sunil Bhave, Mukund Vengalattore Matter-wave Sagnac interferometers are capable of extraordinary levels of rotation sensitivity when compared to state-of-the-art fiber optic gyroscopes [1,2]. However, actual implementations of such matter-wave rotation sensors in a compact, integrated platform have remained elusive due to various technical and fundamental considerations. We propose an experimental implementation of a matter-wave Sagnac interferometer based on confinement of an ultracold gas in the evanescent wave optical dipole trap around a microfabricated Silica microresonator. We consider the Sagnac effect on matter-wave solitons created within this ultracold gas. We show that soliton-based rotation sensing can exhibit superior performance compared to conventional matter-wave Sagnac interferometry. We present theoretical and preliminary experimental results of stability, bias and sensitivity of soliton-based rotation sensing. \newline [1] P. Berman, Atom Interferometry, Academic Press \newline [2] T L Gustavson, et al., Classical and Quantum Gravity 17 (12), 2385 [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 29, 2018 2:36PM - 2:48PM |
D08.00004: Development of a multi-species cold atom interferometer Clement Diboune, Nassim Zahzam, Yannick Bidel, Alexandre Bresson, Malo Cadoret Atom interferometry is now proven to be very efficient to achieve highly sensitive and absolute inertial sensors. As a matter of fact gravimeters based on this technique by using cold atoms have already been developed and give now very promising performance. Our work concerns particularly the development of a three atomic species -$^{\mathrm{87}}$Rb/$^{\mathrm{85}}$Rb/$^{\mathrm{133}}$Cs- interferometer addressing mainly the topics of onboard applications such as navigation or geophysics, but also fundamental physics. We will point out, through the development of original concepts, the interest of using more than one atomic species in the instrument to improve inertial measurements. The first step towards the interferometer was the development of the laser system needed for the atom's cooling and manipulation. Important developments have been achieved to obtain compact and robust laser systems for rubidium atoms, particularly with fiber laser systems based on second harmonic generation (SHG) of a telecom fiber bench. For cesium atoms, there was no fiber laser system available. For our project, we developed a four laser diode fibered system, based on the frequency conversion of laser at 1560 nm and 1878 nm, which addresses both rubidium and cesium atoms. A $^{\mathrm{87}}$Rb/$^{\mathrm{85}}$Rb/$^{\mathrm{133}}$Cs triple magneto-optical trap (MOT) was obtained with this laser system. We will present the current state of the experiment and the first results concerning the triple MOT. This experimental development is opening the way to multi-species atom interferometry using cesium and rubidium atoms. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 29, 2018 2:48PM - 3:00PM |
D08.00005: Infrasound gravitational wave detection with atoms Sven Abend, Christian Schubert, Dennis Schlippert, Naceur Gaaloul, Wolfgang Ertmer, Ernst M. Rasel Atom interferometry offers an interesting perspective for the detection of gravitational waves in a frequency band between eLISA and Advanced LIGO, resulting in an active field of research. Ground based setups with vertical or horizontal baselines were considered, satellite missions investigated, and interferometer topologies developed. We investigate a novel geometry for a ground-based device combining several advantages as a horizontal baseline, enabling long baselines, a single axis laser link between the atom interferometers acting as phasemeters, and suppressing errors sources otherwise implying very strict requirements onto the atomic source. It is based on recent developments in symmetric beam splitters with scalable momentum transfer, relaunching techniques for suspending the atoms against gravity, and delta-kick collimation techniques to generate very slowly expanding atomic ensembles. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 29, 2018 3:00PM - 3:12PM |
D08.00006: Lithium tune-out measurement using light-pulse atom interferometry Eric Copenhaver, Kayleigh Cassella, Robert Berghaus, Holger Müller With only three electrons, lithium is a testbed for rigorously comparing measurements of atomic parameters to theoretical calculations using ab initio wave functions. A precision measurement of lithium\textsc{\char13}s tune-out wavelength - at which the dynamic polarizability vanishes and the AC Stark shifts from nearby transitions cancel - can inform approximation methods employed in calculations of the dynamic polarizability. Lithium may also be used as an accurate reference species for measurements of the dynamic polarizability in co-trapped atomic species whose values are less precisely known. Here, we present progress towards a sub-ppb measurement of the 671-nm tune-out wavelength in lithium-7 using light-pulse atom interferometry. For our thermal cloud, in which the velocity spread is much larger than the recoil speed, we cannot directly address a single arm of the interferometer as is conventional. We instead pursue a new method in which a beam irradiates the center of cloud between two pairs of $\pi/2$ pulses. Opposite phase shifts on opposite sides of the beam center impose a spatial pattern on the cloud, reversing sign as the irradiation is tuned through the tune-out wavelength. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 29, 2018 3:12PM - 3:24PM |
D08.00007: Recent Progress on atom interferometers inside a hollow-core fiber Zilong Chen, Mingjie Xin, Wui Seng Leong, Shau-Yu Lan Light-pulse atom interferometers are commonly used to measure inertial forces at high precision. However, its sensitivity scales with the size of the setup and optical power due to the diffraction of free-space Raman/Bragg beams. To overcome diffraction, a waveguide such as a single mode hollow-core fiber (HCF) can be used to guide the atoms and light simultaneously, and perform atom interferometry in it. We present our experimental setup\footnote{Mingjie Xin, Wui Seng Leong, Zilong Chen, Shau-Yu Lan, \textbf{Science Advances, 4}, e1701723 (2018)} where laser-cooled Rb$^{85}$ atoms are loaded into a HCF while falling under gravity and guided by a 1mK deep intra-HCF dipole trap. Counter-propagating Raman laser pulses in the HCF coherently split, reflect and recombine atomic matter waves, implementing a Mach-Zehnder atom interferometer using the $\frac{\pi}{2}$-$T$-$\pi$-$T$-$\frac{\pi}{2}$ sequence. We measured the interferometer phase shift $k_{eff} gT^2$ to be consistent with local gravity. The interferometer time $T$ is limited to 20$\mu$s due to inhomogeneous differential ac-Stark shifts from the dipole trap. Progress on improving coherence time by ac-Stark shift compensation will be reported. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 29, 2018 3:24PM - 3:36PM |
D08.00008: BECCAL - Atom Optics with BECs on the ISS Dennis Becker, Kai Frye, Christian Schubert, Ernst Maria Rasel The NASA-DLR Bose-Einstein condensate and Cold Atom Laboratory - called BECCAL - is a joint multi-user, multi-purpose facility to exploit the unique microgravity conditions on the International Space Station (ISS) for complementary experiments with ultra-cold and condensed Rb and K atoms in regimes inaccessible on ground. In microgravity, no gravitational sag acts on an atomic ensemble, and it stays at rest with respect to its environment. This enables an extended time of flight in free fall at the order of seconds to tens of seconds, beyond the possibilities on earth. These two aspects are essential for the various experiments enabled by BECCAL. The system will be based on the drop tower and sounding rocket experiments QUANTUS and MAIUS including an atom chip for efficient evaporation and excellent control of the quantum degenerate atomic clouds. The setup will provide a variety of trapping potentials including static and RF-dressed magnetic as well as red- and blue-detuned optical potentials. It will serve as a platform to realize experiments in atom optics, physics of quantum degenerate gases, their mixtures, and atom interferometry. Here, we present an insight on some of the proposed experiments and the current design of the apparatus. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 29, 2018 3:36PM - 3:48PM |
D08.00009: A source for high precision atom interferometry in space Maike Diana Lachmann, Dennis Becker, Holger Ahlers, Stephan T. Seidel, Thijs Wendrich, Hauke Müntinga, Jens Grosse, Aline Dinkelaker, Vladimir Schkolnik, André Wenzlawski, Ortwin Hellmig, Benjamin Weps, Robin Corgier, Naceur Gaaloul, Wolfgang Ertmer, Ernst M. Rasel Increasing the space-time-area in atom interferometers is one approach towards precise measurements of the universality of free fall. A way to achieve this is to perform the experiments with Bose-Einstein condensates in a weightlessness environment. The successful launch of the rocket mission MAIUS-1 in January 2017 marks a major advancement in this effort for space applications. During the six minutes of microgravity the creation of the first BEC in space, its characterization and the manipulation of it were demonstrated. As the results of the reproducibility and the level of control show this source can be used for high precision atom interferometry measurements in this challenging environment. A new apparatus for the next two MAIUS missions is currently being set up and uses in addition to Rb-87 also K-41 as second species. It is planned to study mixtures as well as sequential and simultaneous interferometry on macroscopic timescales. The developed technology and the studies on ground and during flight support future space missions. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 29, 2018 3:48PM - 4:00PM |
D08.00010: Reversible mixing, persistent oscillation, and other dynamics in tunable atom chip waveguides Rudolph Kohn, James Stickney, Brian Kasch, Spencer Olson, Matthew Squires In a magnetic trap with no anharmonic terms, cold atoms exhibit persistent non-equilibrium dynamics, even in the presence of collisions. A trap with tunable harmonic and quartic terms, with all other terms minimized, can produce several other unusual behaviors, such as reversible mixing. Earlier work suggested that precise placement of current-bearing wires on an atom chip could produce such a trap, and our recent work realizes that theory. We explore several interesting behaviors of atoms in these traps, including persistent non-equilibrium oscillations ("sloshing"), controlled elimination of persistence by tuning the quartic term, as well as controlled dephasing, rephasing, and "phase-freezing" of the cloud's position and size oscillations by changing the sign and/or magnitude of the quartic term during the experiment. The ability to tune the trap shape means that undesired variations can be minimized by simple feedback, which may improve the feasibility of trapped atom interferometers. [Preview Abstract] |
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