Bulletin of the American Physical Society
47th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Volume 61, Number 8
Monday–Friday, May 23–27, 2016; Providence, Rhode Island
Session G5: Atomic Magnetometers I |
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Chair: Jonathan Weinstein, University of Nevada, Reno Room: 551AB |
Wednesday, May 25, 2016 8:00AM - 8:12AM |
G5.00001: Progress on the Global Network of Optical Magnetometers to search for Exotic physics (GNOME) Dmitri Budker We discuss progress on the construction, implementation, and coordination of a network of geographically separated, time-synchronized ultrasensitive atomic magnetometers and comagnetometers to search for correlated transient signals heralding new physics. The {\textbf{G}}lobal {\textbf{N}}etwork of {\textbf{O}}ptical {\textbf{M}}agnetometers to search for {\textbf{E}}xotic physics (GNOME) is sensitive to nuclear and electron spin couplings to various exotic fields generated by astrophysical sources. A specific example of new physics detectable with the GNOME, presently unconstrained by previous experiments, is a network of domain walls of light pseudoscalar (axion-like) fields. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, May 25, 2016 8:12AM - 8:24AM |
G5.00002: Scanning Cryogenic Magnetometry with a Bose-Einstein Condensate Benjamin Lev, Joshua Straquadine, Fan Yang Microscopy techniques co-opted from nonlinear optics and high energy physics have complemented solid-state probes in elucidating exotic order manifest in condensed matter systems. We present a novel scanning magnetometer which adds the techniques of ultracold atomic physics to the condensed matter toolbox. Our device, the Scanning Quantum CRyogenic Atom Microscope (SQCRAMscope) uses a one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate of $^{87}$Rb to image magnetic and electric fields near surfaces between room and cryogenic temperatures, and allows for rapid sample changes while retaining UHV compatibility for atomic experiments. We present our characterization of the spatial resolution and magnetic field sensitivity of the device, and discuss the advantages and applications of this magnetometry technique. In particular, we will discuss our plans for performing local transport measurements in technologically relevant materials such as Fe-based superconductors and topological insulators. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, May 25, 2016 8:24AM - 8:36AM |
G5.00003: Effect of Transverse Magnetic Fields on Cold-Atom Nonlinear Magneto-Optical Rotation David Meyer, Paul Kunz, Fredrik Fatemi, Qudsia Quraishi We investigate nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR) in cold atoms in the presence of a transverse magnetic field where alignment-to-orientation conversion (AOC) dominates. The AOC mechanism, which relies on AC-Stark shifts generated by a strong, off-resonant probe beam, significantly alters the NMOR resonance. When an additional magnetic field is present, parallel to the electric field of the light, a nested feature within this NMOR resonance manifests. Unlike similar features observed with lower optical power in warm vapors, attributed to optical pumping through nearby hyperfine levels, this feature is due solely to the AOC mechanism. Using numerical simulations, a perturbative solution, and experimental observations we characterize the feature with respect to optical power, optical polarization, magnetic field strength, and magnetic field direction. These results shed further light on the AOC mechanism common to NMOR-based experiments and we demonstrate a potential application to measure transverse DC magnetic fields and spatial gradients. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, May 25, 2016 8:36AM - 8:48AM |
G5.00004: Optical pumping of rubidium atoms in a parahydrogen matrix Jonathan Weinstein, W. Patrick Arnott, Tim Christy, Chase Hartzell, Andrew Kanagin, Takamasa Momose, David Patterson, Sunil Upadhyay Building on prior work with rubidium atoms in a cryogenic argon matrix [\textit{Phys. Rev. A} \textbf{88}, 063404 (2013)], we have grown solid parahydrogen crystals doped with rubidium atoms. Typical rubidium densities are on the order of $10^{17}$~cm$^{-3}$. We have demonstrated optical pumping of the atomic spin of the implanted rubidium atoms; the measured spin polarization signals are roughly one order of magnitude larger than what was achieved in argon matrices. The combination of high atomic densities and optical addressability make this a promising experimental platform for applications such as magnetometry and fundamental physics measurements. Spin lifetimes ($T_1$) on the order of 1 second have been observed. Progress towards measuring coherence times ($T_2$) will be discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, May 25, 2016 8:48AM - 9:00AM |
G5.00005: A Precessing Ferromagnetic Needle Magnetometer Derek Jackson Kimball, Alexander Sushkov, Dmitry Budker A ferromagnetic needle is predicted to precess about the magnetic field axis at a Larmor frequency $\Omega$ when $I\Omega \ll N\hbar$, where $I$ is the moment of inertia of the needle about the precession axis and $N$ is the number of polarized spins in the needle. In this regime the needle behaves as a gyroscope with spin $N\hbar$ maintained along the easy axis of the needle by the crystalline and shape anisotropy. A precessing ferromagnetic needle is a correlated system of $N$ spins which can be used to measure magnetic fields for long times. In principle, the sensitivity of a precessing needle magnetometer can far surpass that of magnetometers based on spin precession of atoms in the gas phase. The phenomenon of ferromagnetic needle precession may be of particular interest for precision measurements testing fundamental physics. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, May 25, 2016 9:00AM - 9:12AM |
G5.00006: Diamond nitrogen vacancy electronic and nuclear spin-state anti-crossings under weak transverse magnetic fields Hannah Clevenson, Edward Chen, Florian Dolde, Carson Teale, Dirk Englund, Danielle Braje We report on detailed studies of electronic and nuclear spin states in the diamond nitrogen vacancy (NV) center under moderate transverse magnetic fields. We numerically predict and experimentally verify a previously unobserved NV ground state hyperfine anti-crossing occurring at magnetic bias fields as low as tens of Gauss – two orders of magnitude lower than previously reported hyperfine anti-crossings at $\sim510$ G and $\sim1000$ G axial magnetic fields. We then discuss how this regime can be optimized for magnetometry and other sensing applications and propose a method for how the nitrogen-vacancy ground state Hamiltonian can be manipulated by small transverse magnetic fields to polarize the nuclear spin state.\\ \\Acknowlegement: The Lincoln Laboratory portion of this work is sponsored by the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research & Engineering under Air Force Contract #FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, May 25, 2016 9:12AM - 9:24AM |
G5.00007: Optimized sensitivity of an ensemble NV-diamond magnetometer Jennifer Schloss, John Barry, Matthew Turner, Ron Walsworth Improvement in sensitivity and development of imaging will allow NV-diamond ensemble magnetometry to be competitive and surpass current tools. NV magnetometers allow for novel measurements due to the close proximity one can bring the sensor to the source along with the high spatial (\textasciitilde 10 nm) and temporal (\textasciitilde 1 us) possible. Here we present efforts to improve the sensitivity of our bulk NV-diamond magnetometer to \textless 1 pT/. This will be accomplished through application of advanced pulse sequences, engineering enhancements to improve sensitivity, and development in diamond fabrication techniques to improve the intrinsic qualities of the sensor. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, May 25, 2016 9:24AM - 9:36AM |
G5.00008: Micron-Resolution Magnetic Imaging Using Nitrogen-Vacancy Defect Centers in Diamond for Paleomagnetism Pauli Kehayias, David Glenn, Roger Fu, Eduardo Lima, Benjamin Weiss, Ronald Walsworth We use nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect centers in diamond to measure the magnetic field in microscopic rock samples. Our NV magnetic microscopy tools achieve spatial resolution that is otherwise inaccessible for rock paleomagnetism studies. This allows us to spatially distinguish between different ferromagnetic sources and isolate high-coercivity magnetic inclusions from possible contamination. We present our ongoing efforts to establish NV magnetic imaging as a standard instrument in paleomagnetism, including absolute calibration and comparison with a SQUID microscope, improvements in sensitivity and bias field range, and demonstrations with ancient terrestrial and extraterrestrial rock samples. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, May 25, 2016 9:36AM - 9:48AM |
G5.00009: Optical magnetic detection of single-neuron action potentials using NV-diamond Matthew Turner, John Barry, Jennifer Schloss, David Glenn, Ron Walsworth A key challenge for neuroscience is noninvasive, label-free sensing of action potential dynamics in whole organisms with single-neuron resolution. Here, we report a new approach to this problem: using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond to measure the time-dependent magnetic fields produced by single-neuron~action potentials. ~We demonstrate our method using excised single neurons from two invertebrate species, marine worm and squid; and then by single-neuron action potential magnetic sensing exterior to whole, live, opaque marine worms for extended periods with no adverse effect. The results lay the groundwork for real-time, noninvasive 3D magnetic mapping of functional mammalian neuronal networks. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, May 25, 2016 9:48AM - 10:00AM |
G5.00010: Towards High-Spectral-Resolution Micron-Scale NMR Using NV Centers in Diamond David Glenn, Dominik Bucher, Ronald Walsworth We will report progress on a new approach to micron-scale NMR of thermally-polarized nuclear spin samples~with high spectral resolution using ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond.~ [Preview Abstract] |
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