Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2021 Virtual Conference for Undergraduate Women in Physics
Friday–Sunday, January 22–24, 2021; Virtual
Session U16: High Energy and Particle Physics IInteractive Live
|
Hide Abstracts |
Chair: Zeynep Demiragli |
Sunday, January 24, 2021 12:00PM - 12:10PM |
U16.00001: Background-Independent Composite Gravity Luke Mrini, Joshua Erlich, Austin Batz We explore a background-independent model of composite gravity. The vacuum expectation value of the composite metric satisfies Einstein’s equations (with corrections) as a consistency condition, and selects the vacuum spacetime. A gravitational interaction then emerges in vacuum correlation functions. The action remains diffeomorphism invariant even as perturbation theory is organized about the dynamically selected vacuum spacetime. We discuss the role of nondynamical clock and rod fields in the analysis, the identification of physical observables, and the generalization to other theories including the standard model. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, January 24, 2021 12:10PM - 12:20PM |
U16.00002: Using a Deep Neural Network to Mitigate Impacts of Inoperative Si Cells in the CMS HGCAL Kathryn Sturge, Christos Papageorgakis, Sarah Eno A deep neural network is used to mitigate impacts of inoperative silicon cells in the Compact Muon Solenoid High-Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) detector upgrade on photon and electron energy measurement. The deep neural network (DNN) trained on a photon sample is shown to be effective in improving the particle energy resolution for both photons and electrons with different fractions of inoperative cells present in the detector. The same DNN is also effective in mitigating impacts of inoperative cells for sensors with different size and thickness than that of the training sample. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, January 24, 2021 12:20PM - 12:30PM |
U16.00003: ECal Geometry for the Light Dark Matter eXperiment Hongyin Liu, Joseph Incandela, Amina Li, Valentina Dutta, Matthew Kilpatrick Dark matter -- beyond standard model matter -- could be a dark sector of particles. The Light Dark Matter eXperiment (LDMX) probes into the dark sector to identify particle dark matter in the sub-GeV mass scale. LDMX assumes the model of charged dark matter particles which interact under an EM-like force, described by U(1) symmetry and mediated by a dark photon. By aiming a 4-16 GeV electron beam at a fixed tungsten target, dark matter should be produced via a dark bremsstrahlung process. Along with machine learning techniques, the electromagnetic (ECal) and hadronic calorimeters reject background processes. The signal for dark matter will be a significant missing momentum signature, which can then be used to reconstruct information about the dark matter particles. We design the ECal to optimize its efficiency for rejecting background processes. This presentation will discuss the current stages of dark matter search, LDMX, and changes to the ECal geometry for better efficiency. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, January 24, 2021 12:30PM - 12:40PM |
U16.00004: Mass is the result of slower movement of radiation particles Han Quan The expression of the energy of the photon: E$=$h$\gamma $, where h is the Planck constant and $\gamma $ is the frequency of the photon. According to Einstein's mass-energy equation, the energy of a photon can also be expressed as: E$=$mc$^{\mathrm{2}}$. the photon propagates in different media, the frequency $\gamma $ will not change, and h is Planck's constant and will not change. That is, the energy of photons in different media will not change. Assuming the speed v of the photon entering a certain medium from vacuum, there should be the energy of the photon in the vacuum equal to the energy of the photon in the certain medium, that is, there is an equation like mc$^{\mathrm{2}}=$m$_{\mathrm{1}}$v$^{\mathrm{2}}$, because c is greater than v, From the equation m/m$_{\mathrm{1}}=$v$^{\mathrm{2}}$/c$^{\mathrm{2}}$, the mass of the photon is inversely proportional to the square of the velocity. Let us calculate the increase in mass when light enters the medium from vacuum, $\Delta $m$=$m$_{\mathrm{1}}$-m$=$m(c$^{\mathrm{2}}$/v$^{\mathrm{2}})$-m$=$m((c$^{\mathrm{2}}$/v$^{\mathrm{2}}$-1). The mass formation of an object is the total increase in the quantum mass of the radiation emitted by the object. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, January 24, 2021 12:40PM - 12:50PM |
U16.00005: Inclusive Electron-Nucleon Scattering Deuterium to Hydrogen Cross Section Ratio Elizabeth Moore Jefferson Lab experiment E12-10-002 was conducted in 2018 with the goal of studying inclusive electron-nucleon scattering (using liquid hydrogen and deuterium targets) at large Bjorken x and intermediate Q2. This is a range that has not been studied often and would benefit greatly from more data. The experimental data was collected in Hall C using the High Momentum Spectrometer (HMS) and Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SMHS) separately and will help shed light on quark interactions inside the nucleon. My research focuses on analyzing the HMS data which covers the highest Q2 range probed by this experiment. I will present the deuterium to hydrogen cross section ratio at the most forward HMS angle and compare it with the equivalent SHMS result also from this experiment. My short to midterm goal is to complete the analysis of the large angle HMS data. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, January 24, 2021 12:50PM - 1:00PM |
U16.00006: Probing Axion/Boson Stars with Optomechanical Sensing Katherine Slattery The focus of dark matter research has shifted to "ultralight" (sub-MeV) candidates in recent years due to the inability of other experiments to detect heavier particles. One proposed method of increasing detection reach is to use optomechanical force sensing. In this project, we consider whether optomechanical force sensing could be used to search for axion-like particles (ALPs) in gravitationally bound boson stars in the Milky Way. We consider two scenarios for boson stars: a star centered around the sun and a star virialized to the galaxy. We model these boson stars using a variational ansatz and determine the density of each at the earth and the approximate collision rate. To determine the force an ALP would exert on this sensor, we assume ALPs couple to the standard model via a Yukawa coupling to neutrons. Considering constraints on coupling strength from BBN allows us to place an upper limit on the force we could hope to observe. We search the available parameter space and conclude that current optomechanical force sensing technologies could be used to look for ALPs in boson stars. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, January 24, 2021 1:00PM - 1:10PM |
U16.00007: Coupling the Lattice QCD Equation of State to the Liquid-Gas Phase Transition Bore Gao, Debora Mroczek, Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler Van der Waals equation of state function is a fundamental formula describing systems in equilibrium. Here we use the van der Waals equation of state to simulate the liquid-gas phase transition. This liquid-gas phase transition will be mapped into a high-temperature equation of state that was reconstructed from Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and has a high-temperature critical point. Previously, only an ideal hadron resonance gas was used for this equation of state. In this research, we used the van der Waals equation of state formulated in the grand canonical ensemble with quantum statistics. We used the comprehensive list of particles (the PDG 16$+)$ and adjusted the interaction terms which correspond to attractive and repulsive interactions in order to reproduce the location of the liquid-gas phase transition. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, January 24, 2021 1:10PM - 1:20PM |
U16.00008: Prediction of excess neutrinos detected by IceCube as dark matter decay products. Luz Hernández Galván In 2013, IceCube's collaboration reported an excess of 28 high-energy neutrinos, which is well above the number predicted by the standard model considering background events. It has been suggested that such excess can be explained as a product of the decay of massive and unstable dark matter particles, with a lifespan large enough that decay products are not observable, which may be part of the halos of the galaxy and/or the extragalactic background, in this work we study that possibility. It explores the possible production of these neutrinos in an energy range of 10-100TeV considering a dark matter candidate with mass1,10,100TeV and an average lifespan of 10 27s. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, January 24, 2021 1:20PM - 1:30PM |
U16.00009: Particle Confinement Structures in Relaxed Taylor States Miriam Moore, M. R. Brown, A. D. Light We study the orbits of particles confined in a relaxed Taylor state plasma. We seek to characterize the surfaces along which these particles move, which are significantly less studied than those in axisymmetric field configurations. We simulate motion for particles with many varying initial conditions of position and velocity, then characterize the surfaces upon which their orbits lie. We evaluate the magnetic field by solving the eigenvalue equation $\nabla\times\mathbf{B}=\lambda\mathbf{B}$ with the PSI-Tet program. We then simulate particle motion by using the Boris algorithm to solve the Lorentz force law equation of motion. The Boris code has been verified by simulating particle orbits in axisymmetric configurations with known paths (wire, dipole, spheromak). [Preview Abstract] |
Follow Us |
Engage
Become an APS Member |
My APS
Renew Membership |
Information for |
About APSThe American Physical Society (APS) is a non-profit membership organization working to advance the knowledge of physics. |
© 2024 American Physical Society
| All rights reserved | Terms of Use
| Contact Us
Headquarters
1 Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740-3844
(301) 209-3200
Editorial Office
100 Motor Pkwy, Suite 110, Hauppauge, NY 11788
(631) 591-4000
Office of Public Affairs
529 14th St NW, Suite 1050, Washington, D.C. 20045-2001
(202) 662-8700