Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2021 Virtual Conference for Undergraduate Women in Physics
Friday–Sunday, January 22–24, 2021; Virtual
Session U06: Optical, Atomic, and Molecular Physics IIInteractive Live
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Chair: Maylis Dozieres |
Sunday, January 24, 2021 12:00PM - 12:10PM |
U06.00001: Disordered Metamaterials Isabel Yajaira Rojas Martinez, Alma Karen Gonzalez Alcalde, Alejandro Reyes Coronado Spherical particles present strong multipolar Mie-type resonances. In particular, high-permittivity dielectric particles present strong electric and magnetic resonances within the optical and infrared frequency range; plasmonic particles exhibit only electric resonances. The interference of different resonances lead to the so-called Kerker conditions, that enables the suppression of back- or forward scattering. In order to determine the parameters where Kerker conditions can be achieved, we analyze the optical response of an isolated particle by means of standard Mie theory. We consider particles made either of a plasmonic (gold and bismuth) or dielectric (silicon and silicon carbide) material. Using as starting point the analysis of isolated particles, we design disordered metasurfaces that are capable to suppress the reflection of light for a wide range of wavelengths and angles of incidence. Therefore, we study the optical properties of a disordered array of identical spherical particles, by analyzing theoretically their reflectance and transmittance as a function of relevant parameters: radius of the particles, surface coverage, wavelength and polarization state of light. The analysis is made by means of a recently developed theoretical model named coherent scattering model. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, January 24, 2021 12:10PM - 12:20PM |
U06.00002: Patterns in Photon Emission Preceding Quantum Jumps in a Trapped Ion System Sarah Edwards, Liudmila Zhukas, Jennifer Lilieholm, Boris Blinov The exact nature of quantum jumps, the transitions of a quantum particle between discrete energy states, is still largely a mystery. Under classical quantum mechanics, a quantum jump is both instantaneous and unpredictable, but new evidence has emerged in recent years that this may not actually be the case. If this is true, it could have far-reaching implications, both theoretical and practical. For example, if spontaneous quantum jumps are proven to be predictable, they could logically be interfered with or prevented, providing those who work in quantum information or atomic physics a way to extend coherence times by preventing transitions before they happen. The experiment presented here investigates claims that quantum jumps may be continuous rather than instantaneous by searching for changes in photon emission rate before quantum jumps in an optically driven trapped ion system. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, January 24, 2021 12:20PM - 12:30PM |
U06.00003: Machine Learning with Temperature Sensing Quantum Dots Data Marissa Iraca Building from previous research of Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) quantum dots (QD) that emit at 520 nm, a CdTe QD sample that emits at slightly more than 790 nm was studied. By recording photoluminescent (PL) data and corresponding temperature at which light was emitted, we were able to train a neural network that takes the PL as an input and outputs the corresponding temperature within 0.599 K mean absolute error. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, January 24, 2021 12:30PM - 12:40PM |
U06.00004: Driving Forbidden Vibrational Transitions in Molecular Oxygen Annika Lunstad Some new physics models, such as for dark matter and quantum gravity, predict changes to fundamental constants. Thus, precise measurements of change in these constants can aid in our understanding of physics outside the Standard Model. The molecule O$_2^+$ has vibrational transitions that are sensitive to changes in the proton-to-electron mass ratio, $\mu$. These vibrational transitions have narrow linewidths which allows for precise measurements of potential changes in $\mu$. I will give a brief overview of our experiment with some discussion of our most recent progress in probing the vibrational transition. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, January 24, 2021 12:40PM - 12:50PM |
U06.00005: Study of Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing Signal in Atomic Vapor Stephany Santos, Larissa Gonçalves, Natalia Melo Currently, a vast number of non-linear optical processes are known, for example, the generation of new frequencies through harmonic generation processes, frequencies addition and difference, wave mixing and several other processes. The nonlinear phenomenon studied in this work is the process of four waves mixing, which is a third order process, involving three fields of excitation and one field generated by the atomic media of study. In this work, we review the literature and present a theoretical description of the signal generated by the four waves mixing using the density matrix formalism. We focus on studying the signal generated by the transition of a photon in a system of four atomic levels in a degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM) configuration and perform computer simulations that describe the generated signal. Understanding mixture of four waves, we can set up analytical solutions to problems of DFWM in a vapor atomic media, as well as set up simulations and experiments in the area. Finally, we intend to study the propagation of speckle patterns in an adjustable nonlinear medium using the generated FWM signal. Starting from a standard photon space with normal distribution, call the speckle field, we will study the evolution from sub-thermal to super-thermal radiation once it was demonstrated that the distributions and the control of this evolution of radiation occur through a single parameter. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, January 24, 2021 12:50PM - 1:00PM |
U06.00006: Generating True Randomness through Quantum Entanglement Aliza Siddiqui, Gautam Kavuri, Mohammad Alhejji, Yanbao Zhang, Michael Mazurek, Martin Stevens, Richard Mirin, Sae Woo Nam, Lynden Shalm Applications of randomness ranging from cryptography to prevention of gerrymandering require immediate access to certified random bits. Current random number generators (RNGs) output a sequence of binary bits in a random pattern based on a given entropy source such as user activity or radioactive decay. For instance, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) currently has a public randomness beacon that generates 512 random bits per minute using various hardware and algorithmic entropy sources. In general, a public randomness beacon is a service that emits random bits at a regular interval and is used in several cryptographic applications. However, with regular RNGs, there are three main unsolvable issues: one cannot directly certify the randomness of the output bits, you cannot guarantee the randomness of the underlying process, and you cannot vouch for the security of the system. Recently, NIST has developed a new kind of random number generator that uses quantum entanglement to address the first two issues, and does not need to make detailed assumptions about the underlying device implementation. In this talk I'll discuss how NIST plans to incorporate the random bits generated using entanglement into their next-generation randomness beacon. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, January 24, 2021 1:00PM - 1:10PM |
U06.00007: Quantum Control of Magnetic Phase Boundaries in Spin-2 BECs Maria Belota Moreno, David Hall The types of topological excitations supported by a spin-2 Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) are determined by a symmetry of the order parameter called the magnetic phase. Experiments involving topological excitations crossing a magnetic phase boundary are of interest because they provide insight on what happens to the excitation when it moves into a medium where its type is not supported — i.e. does it disappear, transform into a different type of excitation that is supported, or do something else entirely? To answer these questions, we first experimentally construct these types of boundaries. To do so, we create a phase boundary with spin-1 BECs that have only one populated spinor component. Then, we use microwave pulses to map this boundary onto spin-2 BECs with up to three populated spinor components. This project aims to demonstrate full quantum control of the magnetic phases created in the spin-2 BECs through these mappings. Using radiofrequency pulses, we have demonstrated experimental control for the mappings onto spin-2 BECs with two nonzero spinor components. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, January 24, 2021 1:10PM - 1:20PM |
U06.00008: Nonlinear Optical Enhancement in Epsilon-Near-Zero Metamaterial Thin Films Anna Shelton, Mariama Dias Nonlinear optical phenomena, such as second and third harmonic generation, phase conjugation, and negative refraction, are of interest in several fields of optics and photonics for their applications to hologram technology, signal processing, and sensing among many others. Nonlinear optical phenomena often require large intensities of incident electromagnetic fields in order to be visible, but through the use of metamaterials, incident electromagnetic field energy can be locally amplified, and the nonlinear optical response can be greatly magnified. In this work, we simulated six different metamaterials, each a thin film and lattice of gold nano-antennae, around the point at which the real part of the thin film's permittivity crossed zero. We found that by coupling nano-antennae to thin films local energy density increased by as much as two orders of magnitude, greatly enhancing the probability of nonlinear response. This presents metamaterials as favorable candidates for nonlinear optical applications. [Preview Abstract] |
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