Probing the Dark Solar System: Detecting Binary Asteroids with a Space-Based Interferometric Asteroid Explorer*

With the inception of gravitational wave astronomy, astrophysical studies using interferometric techniques have begun to probe previously unknown parts of the universe. In this work, we investigate the potential of a new interferometric experiment to study a unique group of gravitationally interacting sources within our solar system: binary asteroids. We present the first study into binary asteroid detection via gravitational signals. We identify the interferometer sensitivity necessary for detecting a population of binary asteroids in the asteroid belt. We find that the space-based gravitational wave detector LISA will have negligible ability to detect these sources as these signals will be well below the LISA noise curve. Consequently, we propose a 4.6 AU and a 1 AU arm-length interferometers specialized for binary asteroid detection, targeting frequencies between 10^-6 and $10^-4 Hz. Our results demonstrate that the detection of binary asteroids with space-based gravitational wave interferometers is possible though very difficult, requiring substantially improved interferometric technology over what is presently proposed for space-based missions. If that technology threshold can be met, an interferometer may be used to map the asteroid belt, allowing for new studies into the evolution of our solar system.