Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS April Meeting 2022
Volume 67, Number 6
Saturday–Tuesday, April 9–12, 2022; New York
Session L03: DAP Award SessionInvited Live Streamed Prize/Award
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Sponsoring Units: DAP Chair: Thomas Maccarone, Texas Tech University Room: Salon 1 |
Sunday, April 10, 2022 3:45PM - 4:21PM |
L03.00001: Julius E. Lilienfeld Prize Lecture (2021): Laboratory studies using lasers and molecular beams and their application to astronomy over the past 60 years Invited Speaker: William M Jackson I was determined after my Ph.D., to develop experimental techniques that I could use to study the reactive intermediates that are important in chemical reactions. In 1964 I started at Goddard Space Flight Center of NASA in the Astrochemistry section assigned to develop a laboratory program to study the elementary chemical reactions in comets. At that time only a few atoms like O, H, Na, & K, and diatomic and triatomic radicals and ions, e.g., C2, CN, OH, CO+, OH+, N2+, C3, NH2, and CO2+ had been observed by their emission spectra excited by resonance fluorescence of sunlight. In 1971, I built a tunable dye laser and used it to demonstrate that atoms and radicals observed in comets using ground and satellite-based telescopes can be formed by stable molecules that are likely to be in comets. Laboratory experiments using lasers, and molecular beams show that N, O, S, C, CN, C2, C3, CS, O2, and S2 can be produced when vacuum ultraviolet radiation from the sun is absorbed by simple molecules like CO, N2, C2N2, O2, CO2, CS2, C2H2, C3H4, and H2O. Lasers have been combined with quadrupole and time-of-flight mass spectrometers to detect the fragments that do not radiate and in this case, imaging and other techniques have been used to determine the velocity and angular distribution of the non-radiating fragment. The experiments have provided new data about basic photochemical processes occurring in isolated molecules on excited potential surfaces such as state-to-state dynamics, transition probabilities, intersystem crossing, and internal conversion. This information has been used to expand our understanding of the chemical processes that can happen when these simple molecules are excited in the many different environments observed in astronomy. |
Sunday, April 10, 2022 4:21PM - 4:57PM |
L03.00002: Hans A. Bethe Prize: Neutron star news in the multi-messenger era Invited Speaker: Madappa Prakash Thanks to multiple astronomical observatories and terrestrial detectors, neutron stars (NSs) can now be observed from signals that include photons, neutrinos, and gravitational |
Sunday, April 10, 2022 4:57PM - 5:33PM |
L03.00003: Bouchet Award - Nuclei and Humans: two sides of the same coin Invited Speaker: Paul L Gueye Nuclear physics is an amazing field that allows to probe the interactions between nucleons inside the nucleus using fundamental particles such as the electron or much larger and heavier objects like ions as magnifying glasses, providing crucial information about the how, why and what is happening inside nuclei. The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (East Lansing, MI) will start its highly anticipated experimental nuclear astrophysics program in 2022, thus testing our current understanding of a large number of predicted unstable (neutron and proton rich) nuclei with the possibility to enable new physics beyond the standard model. In fact, scientific discoveries have historically been rooted in the desire for some to take on a quest to tackle the unknown, often with relentless commitments and efforts, and sometimes bold actions that have proven to unravel new pathways. On one end, it is fascinating that any object located somewhere in our universe always interact through some forces. On another end, it is even more remarkable that the macroscopic world is a mirror image of the microscopic world in many ways. Impactful scientific results often stemmed from dynamic and multidisciplinary teams of theorists and experimentalists in which both sides listen carefully, process, and understand the information shared. This talk will provide some brief review on the role and successes of nuclear physics experiments and theories as they pertain to my journey in becoming a nuclear physicist, as well as establishing bridges to under-represented groups, while enduring yet unknown but interesting challenges within and outside the physics community. |
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