Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS April Meeting 2022
Volume 67, Number 6
Saturday–Tuesday, April 9–12, 2022; New York
Session E09: Undergraduate Research IVRecordings Available Undergrad Friendly
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Sponsoring Units: SPS Room: Juilliard |
Saturday, April 9, 2022 3:45PM - 3:57PM |
E09.00001: Experiments in liquid-spray physics Gary S Lapham, John P McHugh Waves on the ocean surface interacting with solid objects create complex and visually spectacular patterns of spray. The solid object can be a breakwater, drilling rig, or a ship. Another spray-related case is the presence of large industrial tanks of liquid, and often dangerous liquids, that exist throughout the world. These tanks are becoming obsolete in great numbers. When such tanks burst it is often catastrophic. Recent experience has shown, that when such tanks burst, the resulting spray may shoot several hundreds of meters from the tank—distances that are not readily explained. These tanks often have a wall or dam (containment barrier) surrounding them in an attempt to contain a violent breach or leakage. When the tank bursts it is akin to the dam-break problem. A wall of water rushes forth and impinges on the barrier creating spray. Previous experiments (McHugh and Watt, 1998) considered the related configuration of a solitary wave impinging on a vertical wall. Present experiments discussed will include tank experiments that more closely model the bursting tank case and smaller-scale experiments that attempt to identify some of the fundamental mechanisms of spray formation. |
Saturday, April 9, 2022 3:57PM - 4:09PM |
E09.00002: Analysis of the cos(2φ) and cos(φ) modulations in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering Benjamin Gordon, Andreas Metz, Daniel Pitonyak, Alexei Prokudin, Adam J Rilatt, Tristan Rosenberry The 3D momentum-space tomography of hadrons can be studied through azimuthal modulations that arise in the cross-section of high-energy particle collisions. Lepton-nucleon semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) is of particular interest due to the sensitivity resulting from the parton intrinsic transverse momentum kT. The cos(2φ) modulation has two sources: a correlation between parton transverse spin and kT, encoded in the twist-2 Boer-Mulders Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) function, and a higher-twist (twist-4) so-called Cahn effect involving unpolarized TMD functions. In this work, we study SIDIS data from the HERMES, COMPASS, and CLAS collaborations in order to extract the Boer-Mulders function while considering contributions from the Cahn effect. Also, theory calculations are implemented for the cos(φ) modulation, using results from the cos(2φ) analysis, to help further validate the non-perturbative quantities extracted from the latter analysis. |
Saturday, April 9, 2022 4:09PM - 4:21PM |
E09.00003: Modeling Photonic Quantum Information Processing Experiments Using Gaussian Characteristic Functions Kaden R Taylor, Maria Spiropulu, Nikolai Lauk Single optical photons are currently the best possible candidates for long distance quantum information exchange due to low interactions with each other and with the environment. In practice, single photon states are difficult to create, meaning that often in experiments more accessible states are used to approximate single photon states, such as weak coherent states or two mode squeezed vacuum states. Since these states are Gaussian and all underlying operations, including experimental imperfections and measurements, can be described as Gaussian processes, phase space methods can be used to model photonic quantum information processes. In particular, we use the characteristic function approach to model the effects of using photon number resolving detectors (PNR’s) to improve the purity of heralded single photon sources based on spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC). We further use this approach to examine the possible improvements of using PNR’s in the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference experiment that can be used to estimate photon indistinguishability. In addition to PNR related models, we also extend the previous teleportation model to include entanglement swapping protocols so we can estimate the fidelity of the process. |
Saturday, April 9, 2022 4:21PM - 4:33PM |
E09.00004: Symmetric Two-Point Function for a Massive, Minimally Coupled Scalar Field in Two-Dimensional Schwarzschild de-Sitter Spacetime Zachary P Scofield, Paul R Anderson The computation of the symmetric two-point function for a quantized, massive, minimally coupled scalar field in two-dimensional Schwarzschild de-Sitter spacetime will be discussed. The calculation is done in the static patch between the black hole and cosmological horizons. The field is in the generalized Unruh state, which is specified by modes that are positive frequency with respect to the Kruskal time coordinate relevant to the past black hole horizon, and by modes that are positive frequency with respect to the Kruskal time coordinate relevant to the past cosmological horizon. Since the mode equation is not separable in Kruskal coordinates, it is necessary to expand these solutions in terms of a complete set of solutions to the mode equation that can be attained via separation of variables. Due to the existence of a non-trivial effective potential, the radial part of the mode equation must be solved numerically. |
Saturday, April 9, 2022 4:33PM - 4:45PM |
E09.00005: Updating a QCD Global Analysis of Single Transverse-Spin Asymmetries with Additional Constraints from Experimental Data and Lattice QCD Michel J Malda, Joshua A Miller, Daniel Pitonyak, Alexei Prokudin, Nobuo Sato By developing a computational framework to analyze high-energy transverse single-spin asymmetry data, we have been able to study the 3D structure of hadrons through the extraction of transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions and fragmentation functions (TMDs). Different observables, such as semi-inclusive lepton-nucleon deep inelastic scattering, electron-positron annihilation, and proton-proton collisions, provide insight to interactions that occur within hadrons. With the publication of new data from HERMES and STAR providing further constraints on the TMDs in our model, we are interested in comparing our previous analysis to a new global fit. We also incorporated lattice data on the nucleon tensor charge to provide additional constraints on the transversity function and introduced a framework to analyze proton-proton hadron-in-jet Collins asymmetry data. The new data from STAR and HERMES introduces sensitivity to a novel quark-gluon-quark fragmentation function. With this new global fit, we are able to assess data compatibility, as well as gain a better understanding of the 3D structure of hadrons. |
Saturday, April 9, 2022 4:45PM - 4:57PM |
E09.00006: The energy levels of a nucleus and their spin distribution Sofia Karampagia, Luke Newman The density of levels is an important ingredient in nuclear reactions, especially neutron capture reactions, which are needed to determine the abundance of elements. Experimentally, the density of levels is known mainly for nuclei close to stability. Historically, empirical models have been used to predict the density of levels with parameters that must be fitted to experimental data. These empirical models also rely on an empirical formula of the spin distribution of the density of levels to derive spin dependent densities of levels. Here, we present a methodology for calculating spin dependent densities of level based on the shell model. We also present calculations of the spin distribution of the density of levels. |
Saturday, April 9, 2022 4:57PM - 5:09PM |
E09.00007: High Voltage Component Testing for the nEDM Experiment at SNS Lauren V Kadlec The neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) is a measurement of charge separation within the neutron. Insight into the nEDM could give light to some of physics’ unanswered questions, like why there appears to be more matter than antimatter in the universe. The nEDM experiment at Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is designed to search for the nEDM at the level of 3 x 10-28 e-cm, nearly one hundred times lower than the present limit. The experiment calls for an electric field of 75 kV/cm in a large volume of liquid helium at 0.4K. To develop this capability, the Half Scale High Voltage system (HSHV) and the Small Scale High Voltage system (SSHV) are currently being tested at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The HSHV uses a custom high voltage (HV) chain to deliver up to 200kV to a 40 liter liquid helium central volume. To qualify the performance of HV chain, multiple tests were conducted in a Room Temperature High Voltage system (RTHV) under vacuum. After testing in the RTHV, the HV system was moved to the HSHV for cryogenic testing. Additionally, the SSHV is being prepared for liquid helium testing that will complement that of the HSHV. Details on the voltage chain assembly, recent work on the SSHV, and tests inside the RTHV and HSHV will be presented. |
Saturday, April 9, 2022 5:09PM - 5:21PM |
E09.00008: Characterization of Segmented Semiconductor Detectors for Neutron Beta Decay August G Mendelsohn, Michael T Gericke, Russell R Mammei The neutron beta decay process lends itself to some of the most sensitive methods for pushing the boundaries of our understanding of the weak interaction. The Neutron-a-b (Nab) collaboration intends to perform the most precise measurements of neutron decay product parameters with the intention of precisely determining lambda, the ratio of the axial vector to vector coupling in the weak interaction. This will be performed using a purpose-built asymmetric spectrometer containing a pair of segmented silicon detectors at Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline. In this talk I will discuss the characterization of one such detector performed using the University of Manitoba’s low energy steerable proton source. Specifically – detector performance as a function of applied bias, proton energy, temperature, as well as a proton beam spot size study. |
Saturday, April 9, 2022 5:21PM - 5:33PM |
E09.00009: Optimizing Quantized Convolutional Neural Networks on FPGAs Tai Nguyen, Javier M Duarte The goal of this project is to improve the compatibility between hls4ml and FINN, the two frameworks used to deploy ML on FPGAs. One of the options is to work on creating a common intermediate representation (IR) using ONNX for reduced precision, or quantized, neural networks (QNNs) for use in FPGAs.[2] This would provide the perfect opportunity to merge the practical aspect of writing out ONNX code on hls4ml and the application of implementing that code using FINN. So when a deep neural network is implemented, it can be written as a mix of hls4ml code and FINN code which will come together to make a graphic design through Vivado IP integrator. Essentially having these two languages work together offer a bridge if one were to switch from programming from hls4ml to FINN or vice versa. This would also allow greater flexibility within each language as they both receive a shared library of trained QNNs. Newer users would then find themselves having an easier time getting introduced into translating code into FPGA firmware and being able to easily switch between hls4ml and FINN libraries. |
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