Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS April Meeting 2021
Volume 66, Number 5
Saturday–Tuesday, April 17–20, 2021; Virtual; Time Zone: Central Daylight Time, USA
Session E06: Advanced Physics for Medical Imaging and TherapyInvited Live
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Sponsoring Units: GMED Chair: Cynthia Keppel, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility |
Saturday, April 17, 2021 3:45PM - 4:12PM Live |
E06.00001: Physics of Quantitative X-ray Imaging Invited Speaker: Wojciech Zbijewski Quantitative information obtained from medical images is an essential component in the development of personalized medicine and data-driven diagnosis and therapy. In this talk, we will present examples from x-ray radiography and computed tomography (CT) illustrating how imaging physics contributes towards improved quantitative imaging. The topics include (i) optimization of x-ray detectors to enhance spatial resolution for in-vivo morphological measurements at ~100 um scale, (ii) application of Monte Carlo methods in imaging system design and data corrections, (iii) reconstruction algorithms incorporating physics-based modeling to enable quantitative assessment of tissue composition, in particular in spectral CT. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 17, 2021 4:12PM - 4:39PM Live |
E06.00002: Isotope Production using High-Power Electron Accelerators Invited Speaker: Stephen Benson High power (up to 100 kW) electron accelerators are well suited for the production of some important isotopes for medical use because the high power can compensate for the lower cross- sections. The Low-energy Electron Recirculator Facility (LERF) at Jefferson Lab is ideal for this purpose, but high beam power requires targets and cooling systems that can handle the power dissipation. Irradiated target handling, multiple isotope separation, and adequate radiation shielding must also be considered. The focus of this research is photo-nuclear production of 67 Cu using the 71 Ga(��,α) 67 Cu reaction. 67 Cu is an attractive isotope with beta and gamma emissions that are near ideal for image-guided radiopharmaceutical therapy of cancer and inflammatory diseases. The use of liquid gallium as the target is viable because of the extremely high boiling point of gallium (2,400°C). The goal is to demonstrate the viability of photonuclear production of 67 Cu from the liquid gallium target, addressing all of the issues of corrosion, radiation and thermal management. The initial target crucible made of boron nitride was tested at 1kW and then modified to improve cooling. The improved crucible made of graphite was successfully tested at 5kW and the yield and separation efficiency of 67 Cu from the irradiated target determined. A target design has been developed for beam power up to 50kW. This design is being built and will be tested at up to 5kW initially to confirm the thermal calculations. This design is designed to allow the gallium to be remotely removed from the irradiation area, a prerequisite for large- scale production. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 17, 2021 4:39PM - 5:06PM Live |
E06.00003: Selected Radiation Detection and Imaging Developments for Medical Applications: A Perspective from an Experimental Nuclear Physicist Invited Speaker: Kai Vetter nuclear radiation in a wide range of applications, including the development and use of new radiotracers or particle beams for disease diagnostics or treatment purposes. Enormous advances have been achieved in enhancing more conventional approaches in gamma -ray imaging exemplified by the Explorer for human-scale PET imaging or high-resolution SPECT systems for small animal studies. However, conventional approaches in gamma-ray imaging are insufficient in realizing the full potential of radio- biologically highly efficient cancer treatment methodologies such as targeted alpha particle therapy or external beam ion-cancer therapy which require gamma-ray imaging capabilities over a broad range of energies. I will discuss some of our efforts to provide gamma-ray imaging for energies ranging from below 100 keV up to 7 MeV which are based on advanced collimation and coded aperture concepts and collimator-less Compton imaging. Some of these developments leverage advances driven by the needs in other fields such as nuclear physics or nuclear security and safety. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 17, 2021 5:06PM - 5:33PM Live |
E06.00004: Innovations in Medical Ultrasound Transducers Invited Speaker: Scott Smith Physical principles are fundamental to ultrasound imaging and dominate the materials, design, and production of the transducer. Transducers convert electrical signals into ultrasonic waves and then re-convert the reflected waves into electrical signals for subsequent processing. This presentation will describe: 1) How transducer design elements depend critically on the detailed application. 2) How arrays have evolved from a single row of elements to visualize a single image plane to spatially Nyquist-sampled arrays in two dimensions that enable full volumetric imaging. 3) How advances in single crystal piezoelectric material have enhanced image performance. 4)How electrostatic and MEMs based arrays have recently become commercially available. Along with ultrasound’s simplicity, speed, precision, and safety, this technological momentum suggests even more widespread adoption of ultrasound. The sixty percent of the world’s population currently without access to medical imaging may benefit most. [Preview Abstract] |
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