Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS April Meeting 2018
Volume 63, Number 4
Saturday–Tuesday, April 14–17, 2018; Columbus, Ohio
Session X13: New Perspectives in Gravitational Physics - I |
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Sponsoring Units: DGRAV Chair: Lior Burko, Georgia Gwinnett College Room: A224-225 |
Tuesday, April 17, 2018 10:45AM - 10:57AM |
X13.00001: Classical Dirac particle in the gravitational field of a ring laser Robert Fischetti, Ronald Mallett Among the many unique features of Einstein's general theory of relativity that differs from Newtonian gravitational theory is the theoretical prediction that not only matter but also the directed electromagnetic radiation of light can produce a gravitational field. This has yet to be demonstrated by experiment. The ring laser which has proven quite useful in many areas of physics can also be an effective tool for examining the gravitational effects of light. This talk will examine the experimental possibilities, along with their associated theoretical underpinnings, of the gravitational effects of a ring laser. The focus will be on predictions that the electromagnetic radiation of a ring laser can (a) induce a gravitational frame dragging precession of neutral spinning particles, (b) result in the gravitational interference of two neutron beams, and (c) produce gravitational oscillations of an electron. These effects will be examined by solving the linearized Einstein gravitational field equations for the electromagnetic radiation of a ring laser. The resulting spacetime metric is then used in (a) classical relativistic spin equations for a neutral spinning particle, (b) the quantum Dirac equation for the interference of neutron beams, (c) the classical Dirac electron equation. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, April 17, 2018 10:57AM - 11:09AM |
X13.00002: Ligo Gravitational waves: Ripples in Spacetime or Electromagnetic DT Froedge On Feb. 2016 the Ligo team announced the detection of gravitational waves from a collapsing Black Hole that occurred on Sept 14 2015. This definitively answers the question of the existence of gravitational radiation, and confirms the pulsar radiation energy measured by Hulse, {\&} Taylor. Although the loss of energy in orbiting binaries is indicative of radiational loss, it does not automatically follow that the energy being radiated is gravitational, there is still the possibility proposed by several theorists, that the waves are electromagnetic. The Ligo experiment has developed impressive measures to reduce electromagnetic signals, but at the levels of strain being measured, it is not certain that the momentum transfer can be completely avoided. Electromagnetic signals diffracted around the limb of the earth vs. gravitational waves passing freely through, yield timing and attenuation differences that can clearly distinguish between the two, but as of yet that has not happened. There can only be certainty when the three Ligo Virgo observatories simultaneously triangulate signals through the earth with proper timing and attenuation. This paper will explore the aspects of the measurements that will define the difference. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, April 17, 2018 11:09AM - 11:21AM |
X13.00003: Abstract Withdrawn
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Tuesday, April 17, 2018 11:21AM - 11:33AM |
X13.00004: Is propellantless propulsion through gravitational induction possible in general relativity? L. L. Williams We pose an engineering question as to whether propellantless propulsion via gravitational induction is allowed within general relativity. Propellantless propulsion refers to a means of propelling an object through space without ejecting a propellant of any kind. Gravitational induction refers to induced forces that appear in general relativity that accompany various states of motion. The canonical example of an induced force is the production of magnetic fields from changing electric fields, and general relativity is known to include such inductive corrections to Newtonian gravity. Therefore, propellantless propulsion through gravitational induction refers to a gravitational momentum exchange of a free object with the universe. We update previous classic results on a gravitational origin for inertia, which describe the coupling between local and distant matter, and show how large inductive forces, potentially suitable for propellantless propulsion, appear to be allowed if inertia itself is recognized as an inductive force. We invite discussion on the points (1) whether such inductive effects are allowed at all in general relativity, and if so (2) whether their magnitude is large enough to be practical compared to propellant-based propulsion technologies. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, April 17, 2018 11:33AM - 11:45AM |
X13.00005: Does Gravitational Collapse Occur? Insight from the Laws of Thermodynamics. Pierre-Marie Robitaille Combining the virial theorem with the kinetic theory of gases, astrophysics has advanced the idea that a gaseous assembly of atoms, like hydrogen, can gravitationally collapse, provided that the mass under consideration is greater than the Jeans Mass. Such an idea is opposed to the laws of thermodynamics. In the laboratory, gases expand to fill the void. Gravitational collapse violates the first law, as a system cannot do work upon itself and thereby increase its own temperature. The idea also stands in violation of the second law, as no external agent exists to ensure compression, and as kinetic theory does not allow for dissipation of energy into a heat sink, given that all collisions must be elastic, by definition. Finally, the expression, T$=$ GMm/5kr (T$=$temperature, M$=$mass, m$=$proton mass, r$=$radius, G$=$gravitational constant and k$=$Boltzmann's constant) and its analogues, stands in violation of the zeroth law of thermodynamics. Temperature is an intensive property by definition. It cannot be made to depend on two properties, M and r, which, in combination, do not result in an intensive property. As a consequence, the formation of gaseous stars is not supported by the laws of thermodynamics. Star formation should involve condensation reactions and the associated emission of photons. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, April 17, 2018 11:45AM - 11:57AM |
X13.00006: Holographic Equivalence Principal (HEP). Paul OBrien HEP is a bijection between quantum information, (I), and mass, (M), and energy, (E). (M) is 2-D, and (I) is invariant. (I) is physical and irreducible, and not reduceable to a point function. (I) is a Planck area which contains a quantum of (M) and a quantum of (E). (I) is a dual state function with real and imaginary, (i), components. The (i) part represents (E) because it can be local and nonlocal. A dual state function equates with a metric tensor having a dual basis. BH's convert all local thermal (E) into entropy, (S). (S) is always nonlocal. HEP describes the exact location of (M), (E), (S) and (I). Thermodynamics does not allow BH's to store the thermal (E) used to increase its size. It must radiate that thermal (E) as (S) into the vacuum causing the accelerated expansion of our universe. This principal defines the conservation of (I) as a dual state function. (S) from large BH's have extremely long wavelengths, therefore it is the darkest (E) imaginable. All BH's have a constant amount of thermal coupling (E) that couples BH's to the vacuum (E). This local thermal (E) is not included in the calculation of (M). My proof is the ratio of a Planck mass vs a Planck area is a scalar value because a Planck area contains a quantum of (M). This is the HEP. BH thermodynamics shows that this density ratio is a duality defining a limit on both (M) density and (I) density, which is equaled to the thermal density limit. It defines Boltzmann's constant and is equal to Bekenstein bound. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, April 17, 2018 11:57AM - 12:09PM |
X13.00007: Quantum Nature of Physical Space, Aristotle Fifth Element or Casimir Vacuum, Connects Constants of Chaos Theory ($\delta $, $\alpha )$ in Mathematics to Universal Gas Constant and Atomic Mass Unit ($R^{\mathrm{o}}$, \textit{amu}) in Physics Siavash Sohrab Physical space, Aristotle fifth element, Casimir vacuum, the primordial void, or ``\textit{Tohu Vavohu}'' meaning \textit{total chaos} [1], is identified as compressible tachyon fluid, Planck compressible ether, and Lorentz-FitzGerald contractions become causal (Pauli, 1958) in accordance with Poincar\'{e}-Lorentz \textit{dynamic} versus Einstein \textit{kinematic} theory of relativity [1]. Closing the gap between radiation and gas theories results in space composed of a spectrum of photon-clusters, Planck ``quantum spheres of action'' (Darrigol, 1991), with finite gravitational viscosity [2]. Normalized spacing between nontrivial zeros of Riemann zeta function and eigenvalues of GUE (Odlyzko, 1987) are found to follow \textit{Normalized Maxwell-Boltzmann} distribution. Thus, numbers in mathematics are related to counting photons. Constants of chaos theory $\delta =(1+R^{o})/2=4.6692$ and $\alpha =2+(2m_{k} c^{2}-0.5\times 10^{-26})/(m_{k} c^{2}-0.5\times 10^{-26})\approx 2.502904$ are related to De Pretto number 8338 J/kcal (universal gas constant $R^{\mathrm{o}} \quad =$ 8338.4 J/kmol-m) and $amu=m_{k} c^{2}=\sqrt {hkc} $. When \textit{physical space} is identified as a \textit{fluid} with energy spectrum given by Schr\"{o}dinger equation of quantum mechanics, in view of Heisenberg \textit{matrix mechanics}, it must be described by \textit{noncommutative geometry} [3]. $^{\mathrm{1}}$ Sohrab, S. H.,\textit{ Int. J. Thermodynamics} \textbf{17}, 233 (2014). $^{\mathrm{2}}$ `t Hooft, G., \textit{Class. Quantum Grav. }\textbf{16}, 3263 (1999). $^{\mathrm{3}}$ Connes, A., \textit{Lett. Math. Phys.} \textbf{34}, 238 (1995). [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, April 17, 2018 12:09PM - 12:21PM |
X13.00008: Use of a Density Function to Represent Gravity George Schuhmann The author presents a density function, $\rho(r,\theta,\phi)$, which, when extended into space-time coordinates $\rho(r,\theta,\phi, t)$, can provide an alternative model for gravitation theory. The goal is to demonstrate that $\rho(r,\theta,\phi, t)$ is a faithful representation of the manifold of curved space-time described by General Relativity (GR). Such an approach could yield valuable benefits to include theoretical insights and computational efficiencies to improve our understanding of gravity as a force of nature. This model also suggests a solution that avoids the singularities inherent in GR. In the density model, gravitational force decreases toward the center of a massive sphere to a pole representing zero rather than increasing to an essential infinity. Other implications of the density representation of gravity are to be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, April 17, 2018 12:21PM - 12:33PM |
X13.00009: Non-spherical Distribution of Gravitational Field Flux under Integral Form Gauss's Law of Gravity to Interpret the Flat Rotation Curve and the Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation of Disk Galaxies Te Chun Wang This letter proposes a possible description of an integral Gauss's law of gravity with anisotropic gravitational flux distribution for the flat rotation curve and Baryonic Tully-Fisher relation of disk galaxies. It is pointed out first that a flux distribution of cylindrical symmetry on the side wall of a galactic disk may convert the inverse square radius dependence of the Newtonian gravitational field into a direct inverse dependence and the flat rotation curve can be obtained under this condition. Next, it is shown that below a critical field approximately 10\textasciicircum -10 m/s\textasciicircum 2, if we imagine the gravitational flux distribution switches to the columnar from being spherical, and assume that at the critical transition points, the field strength of both types of flux distribution are the same critical field strength, the Baryonic Tully-Fisher relation is proved valid. [Preview Abstract] |
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