Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS April Meeting 2012
Volume 57, Number 3
Saturday–Tuesday, March 31–April 3 2012; Atlanta, Georgia
Session V1: Plenary Session III |
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Sponsoring Units: APS Room: Regency Ballroom VI-VII |
Tuesday, April 3, 2012 8:30AM - 9:06AM |
V1.00001: The Hottest, and Most Liquid, Liquid in the Universe Invited Speaker: Krishna Rajagopal What was the universe like microseconds after the big bang? At very high temperatures, protons and neutrons fall apart --- the quarks that are ordinarily confined within them are freed. Before experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider started recreating little droplets of big bang matter, it was thought to be a tenuous gas-like plasma. Now we know from experiments at RHIC and at the Large Hadron Collider that at these extreme temperatures nature serves up hot quark soup --- the hottest liquid in the universe and the liquid that flows with the least dissipation. The only other comparably liquid liquid is the coldest liquid in the universe, namely the fluid made of trapped fermionic atoms at microKelvin rather than TeraKelvin temperatures. These are two examples of strongly coupled fluids without any apparent quasiparticle description, a feature that they share with other phases of matter like the strange metal phase of the cuprate superconductors that aren't conventionally thought of as liquids but that are equally challenging to understand. I will describe how physicists are using RHIC and LHC experiments --- as well as calculations done using dualities between liquids and black holes discovered in string theory --- to discern the properties of hot quark soup. In this domain, string theory is answering questions posed by laboratory experiments. I will describe the opportunities and challenges for coming experiments at RHIC and the LHC, chief among them being understanding how a liquid with no apparent particulate description emerges from quarks and gluons. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, April 3, 2012 9:06AM - 9:42AM |
V1.00002: Atom Trap, Krypton-81, and Global Groundwater Invited Speaker: Zheng-Tian Lu The long-lived noble-gas isotope $^{81}$Kr is the ideal tracer for old water and ice in the age range of 10$^5$ -- 10$^6$ years, a range beyond the reach of $^{14}$C. $^{81}$Kr-dating, a concept pursued in the past four decades by numerous laboratories employing a variety of techniques, is now available for the first time to the earth science community at large. This is made possible by the development of an atom counter based on the Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) method, in which individual atoms of the desired isotope are selectively captured and detected with a laser-based atom trap. ATTA possesses superior selectivity, and is thus far used to analyze the environmental radioactive isotopes $^{81}$Kr, $^{85}$Kr, and $^{39}$Ar. These three isotopes have extremely low isotopic abundances in the range of 10$^{-16}$ to 10$^{-11}$, and cover a wide range of ages and applications. In collaboration with earth scientists, we are dating groundwater and mapping its flow in some major aquifers around the world. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, April 3, 2012 9:42AM - 10:18AM |
V1.00003: The Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature Project Invited Speaker: Judith Curry |
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