Session S1: Poster Session III (2:00-5:00PM)

Connection between `unparticle' and `unmatter'

The connection between `unparticle' and`unmatter' is as follows. Unparticles have very odd properties which result from the fact that they represent fractional field quanta. Unparticles are manifested as mixed states that contain arbitrary mixtures of particles and antiparticles (therefore they simultaneously evolve ``forward'' and ``backward'' in time). From this, the connection with unmatter (since unmatter is formed by particles and antiparticles). Using the fractal operators of differentiation and integration we get the connection between unparticle and unmatter. `Unmatter' was coined by F. Smarandache in 2004 in CERN's website; he published three papers on the subject.   

The 5th Generation model of Particle Physics

Recent discoveries of the excited states of the B meson along with the discovery of the omega-b-minus have brought into popular acceptance the concept of orbiting quarks predicted by the Checker Board Model (CBM) 14 years ago. Back then the concept of orbiting quarks was not fashionable, the bag model was the dominate theory. Recent estimates of velocities of these quarks inside the proton and neutron are in excess of 90{\%} the speed of light also in agreement with the CBM prediction. Still a 2D structure of the nucleus has not been accepted. The CBM predicts masses of the up and dn quarks (which make up the proton and neutron) of 237.31 MeV and 42.392 MeV respectively and suggests that a lighter generation of quarks u and d make up a different generation of quarks that make up light mesons. The CBM also predicts that the T' and B' quarks do exist and are not as massive as might be expected.   

Neutron Photoproduction from $^{181}$Ta with Linearly Polarized $\gamma$-rays between 11 and 15.5 MeV

Data have been collected at the High Intensity $\gamma$-ray Source (HI$\gamma$S) to investigate neutron emission from a $^{181}$Ta target with linearly polarized gamma rays at $E_\gamma$= 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15.5 MeV. Liquid scintillator detectors were placed at scattering angles of 55$^\circ$, 90$^\circ$ and 125$^\circ$ above, below and to the left and right of the target. Four additional detectors were placed at angles of 72$^\circ$ and 107$^\circ$ along the top and right. The $E_\gamma$ dependence of the ratios of neutron yields, $\frac{I_{para}}{I_{perp}}$ are examined. The ratio at 90$^\circ$ should depend only on the $P_2\left(cos\left(\theta\right)\right)$ coefficient in the angular distribution. A comparison of these results will be discussed.   

Neutron Photoproduction from Sn with Linearly Polarized $\gamma$-rays between 13 and 15 MeV

Data have been collected at the High Intensity $\gamma$-ray Source (HI$\gamma$S) to investigate neutron emission from a natural Sn target with linearly polarized gamma rays at $E_\gamma$= 13, 15, and 15.5 MeV. Liquid scintillator detectors were placed at scattering angles of 55$^\circ$, 90$^\circ$ and 125$^\circ$ above, below and to the left and right of the target. Four additional detectors were placed at angles of 72$^\circ$ and 107$^\circ$ along the top and right. The $E_\gamma$ dependence of the ratios of neutron yields, $\frac{I_{para}}{I_{perp}}$ are examined. The ratio at 90$^\circ$ should depend only on the $P_2\left(cos\left(\theta\right)\right)$ coefficient in the angular distribution. A comparison of these results will be discussed.   

Physics beyond the Standard Model

Recent discoveries of the excited states of the B$_{s}^{\ast \ast }$ meson along with the discovery of the omega-b-minus have brought into popular acceptance the concept of the orbiting quarks predicted by the Checker Board Model (CBM) 14 years ago. Back then the concept of orbiting quarks was not fashionable. Recent estimates of velocities of these quarks inside the proton and neutron are in excess of 90{\%} the speed of light also in agreement with the CBM model. Still a 2D structure of the nucleus has not been accepted nor has it been proven wrong. The CBM predicts masses of the up and dn quarks are 237.31 MeV and 42.392 MeV respectively and suggests that a lighter generation of quarks u and d make up a different generation of quarks that make up light mesons. The CBM also predicts that the T' and B' quarks do exist and are not as massive as might be expected. (this would make it a 5G world in conflict with the SM) The details of the CB model and prediction of quark masses can be found at: http://checkerboard.dnsalias.net/ (1). T.M. Lach, Checkerboard Structure of the Nucleus, Infinite Energy, Vol. 5, issue 30, (2000). (2). T.M. Lach, Masses of the Sub-Nuclear Particles, nucl-th/0008026, @http://xxx.lanl.gov/   

Photoproduction of Neutral Kaons and ${\Lambda}$ Hyperons on the deuteron in the energy range of 0.8 - 1.1 GeV

Investigation into the physical process of strangeness production by the electromagnetic interaction is drawing strong interest and as it is expected to deepen the understanding of hadron structures and also provide basic data on hypernuclear electroproduction. It is now acknowledged that strangeness production experiments conducted at lower energy are excellent tools for furnishing insight into the elementary production process. An experiment has been designed and performed by the NKS2 collaboration at the Research Center for Electron Photon Science {\bf(ELPH)}, Tohoku University, utilizing the freshly upgraded Neutral Kaon Spectrometer 2 {\bf(NKS2)}. The motivation of the experiment lies on differentiating various channels contributing to strangeness photo production in the threshold region by specifically measuring the \emph{d(${\gamma}$, K$^{0}$)${\Lambda}$p} reaction. A 1.2 GeV electron beam is used to generate a tagged photon beam, which is bombarded upon a liquid deuterium target. Singles and coincidence measurements of the photoproduced K$_{s}^{0}$+ ${\Lambda}$ was detected using the {\bf NKS2} by the K$_{s}^{0}$ $\rightarrow$ $ {\pi}^+$ + $ {\pi}^-$and ${\Lambda}$ $\rightarrow$ p + $ {\pi}^- $ decay channels. Recent data has been taken in the fall of 2010. The motivation for the experiment, experimental technique and preliminary results will be presented.\\   

Monitoring DNA double strand breaks repair protiens before and after gamma-irradiation

In this study, different fluorescence techniques (FCS, RICS and FRAP) are used to study kinetics and dynamics of DNA double stand breaks repair proteins before and after gamma-irradiation of mammalian cells. Diffusion and binding constants were obtained by fitting with different physical models. This work presents similarities and differences in double strand break repair response between gamma-irradiation versus laser damage.   

Gravitational-Wave Directed Multi-Messenger Astronomy: EM Follow-up

Significant new information can be gained by measuring both the gravitational-wave and electromagnetic radiation from a given source. Multiple gravitational-wave detectors operating in concert allow sky localization for astrophysical signals. This information can be used to quickly alert optical telescopes to follow up the location of potential gravitational-wave signals. In this poster we give the status of low-latency search for transient gravitational waves in the LIGO, Virgo and GEO600 data with directed electromagnetic follow-up.   

The speed factor of fundamental Fields and its effects on Physical Phenomena

Static electric field and gravitational field are not static at all. The strength and direction of both fields are not only dependent on the distribution in space but also on the relative motion. Just like the uniform distribution in radial direction in space results in the inverse square laws, the motion of both fields at the uniform speed of light in radial direction also results in speed factor \textit{(1-v/C) where v is the relative speed of particles.} After incorporating the speed factor, new physical laws are able to describe precise motion and force for photons, particles and stars moving at any speed including at or above the speed of light. Experiments, predictions and proposals are given in the end of this article.   

Relativistic SPH Simulations of Black Hole -- Neutron Star Binary Mergers

We investigate numerically the mergers of Black Hole -- Neutron Star (BH--NS) binaries with small mass ratios ($q\equiv M_{NS}/M_{BH} \simeq 0.1$). We are interested in how the binary characteristics (such as the BH spin, the orbital inclination, and the NS equation of state) affect the evolution and outcome of such mergers, and under which conditions they can be viable progenitors of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We use a 3-D relativistic SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) code to perform a series of simulations, varying the BH spin $a$, from $a/M=0$ to $a/M=0.99$, and changing the NS orbital inclination with respect to the BH spin, in the full range $0-180^o$. Furthermore we experiment with different polytropic equations of state for the NS. We find that the formation of a disk or torus of significant mass around the BH (massive enough that its subsequent accretion onto the BH can power a short GRB event) can take place only for highly spinning BHs ($a/M > 0.9$) and small to moderate orbital inclinations ($<40^o$). Smaller BH spins will lead to accretion of the entire NS prior to or shortly after the NS disruption. Similar outcomes are seen for higher orbital inclinations. We also extract the gravitational-wave (GW) signal emitted during the final inspiral and merger phases. The waveforms are calculated using a post-Newtonian approximation at PN3.5 order. We show the distinct imprint of the orbital inclination on the waveforms, and the effect of both the BH spin and the NS equation of state on the GW energy spectra from these mergers. Supported by NSF Grant PHY-0855592.   

Stellar-Mass Black Holes in Globular Clusters

Globular Clusters with core-collapse times longer that the lifetime of the most massive stars can avoid runaway growth of a very massive object, and can instead form many stellar-mass black holes (BH). The dynamical evolution of BHs in clusters is important for studies of merging BH-BH binaries, which are promising sources of gravitational radiation for future gravitational wave observatories. Since BHs are among the most massive objects in clusters, they tend to sink to the center through two-body relaxation, forming a dense core in which BH-BH binaries can be formed, destroyed, and ejected. The fate of BHs in clusters, however, is still highly uncertain. Only recently have dynamics codes become powerful enough to simulate clusters with realistic N, full stellar mass spectra, and significant numbers of primordial binaries. Using a Monte Carlo method, we model realistic star clusters with stellar-mass BHs. We discuss the evolution of BH populations within clusters, as well as the implications for gravitational wave astronomy.   

Transverse Gravitational Redshift

These two independently derived equations predict a relativistic redshift between two ideal clocks at identical gravitational potential separated by a constant distance $(d)$. The general formula (1) includes an elliptic integral of the second kind $(E\;|2)$. Here, $b$ is the effective radius of the Earth ($\sim\!6371 km$) and $d$ the horizontal distance between two clocks at the altitude $b$. Eq. (2) is similar to the approximate formula $z \approx gh/c^{2}$ for the radial Einstein shift as both formulas are valid for small separation distances and both are readily derived from first principles. For a clock separation of 500 $km$ at sea level, the two formulas yield the same prediction $(z \sim10^{-12})$ to an accuracy of $\pm1\times10^{-15}.$ For 50 $km$, these formulas yield the same prediction $(z \sim10^{-14})$ to an accuracy of $\pm1\times10^{-19}.$ This empirical prediction can be tested using modern atomic clocks and frequency transfer by fiber-optic cable. \begin{equation} z = \sec\left( \frac{\sqrt{\frac{8GM\cos\phi}{bc^{2}}} \; E\left(\frac{\phi}{2}|2 \right)}{\sqrt{\cos\phi}} \left.\vphantom{\rule{0mm}{10mm}}\right]^{+\phi}_{-\phi} \right)-1 \hspace{10mm} \left[\phi = \frac{d}{2b}\right] \end{equation} \begin{equation} z = \frac{\Delta f}{f} \approx \frac{4GM}{bc^{2}} \sin^{2} \left(\frac{d}{2b}\right) \hspace{33 mm} \left[d \ll b\right] \end{equation}   

Sensitive Detection of Molecules by Sub-Doppler Nonlinear Laser Wave-Mixing Spectroscopy

Nonlinear multi-photon laser wave-mixing spectroscopy is presented as a sensitive optical detection method for trace-concentration analysis of liquid- and solid-phase chemicals using simple capillary flow cells and glass slides as sample holders. Wave mixing offers inherent advantages over other detection methods including excellent detection sensitivity levels even when using micrometer thin analyte cells and high spatial resolution levels suitable for capillary flow cells and microfluidic systems and single bio-cell analyses. In a typical wave-mixing setup, two excitation laser beams are focused and mixed to create dynamic gratings inside the analyte. The incoming photons are then scattered off these gratings to create a signal beam that is characteristic of the analyte. Since the signal beam is a coherent laser-like beam, the optical detection efficiency is very high and the signal-to-noise ratio is excellent. By using counter-propagating input beams, wave mixing offers sub-Doppler spectral resolution that is suitable for isotope analysis. The wave-mixing signal has a cubic dependence on laser power, and hence, one can efficiently use low laser power levels available from compact solid-state lasers.   

Haunted Quantum Entanglement Where Entanglement is Lost Before Ww Information is Released to the Environment and When the Entangled Entities are Distant From Each Other

Haunted quantum entanglement involves entanglement between 2 entities where entanglement is based on 1 entity supplying which way information to the other. This ww info is lost before it is released to the environment with the result that the entanglement is also lost. The result of losing the entanglement is Young interference as if ww info never existed. Greenberger and YaSin demonstrated hqe in their haunted measurement where they obtained interference as if ww info initially provided by the displacement of a flexible mirror apparatus (fma) along one arm in their neutron interferometer never existed. Ww info in their haunted measurement is eliminated by a direct interaction between the neutron and the fma that restores the fma to its original state. In the hqe scenario here, ww info is eliminated at a distance between the entities. Interference is obtained in the dissolution of an entanglement that incorporates ww info held by one entity (photon) regarding the other distant entity with which it is entangled (atom) before any ww info is released to the environment. The ww info carried by the photon is eliminated at a distance from the atom with the accompanying loss of entanglement. The photon is essentially lost in classical microwave radiation. The ``two-slit'' interference obtained for the atoms shows no evidence that ww info ever existed.   

Haunted Quantum Entanglement When the Entangled Entities Are Distant From Each Other And Where Only Photons Are The Entangled Entities

Haunted quantum entanglement involves entanglement between 2 entities where entanglement is based on 1 entity supplying which-way information regarding the other. This ww information is lost before it is released to the environment with the result that the entanglement is also lost. The result of losing entanglement is Young interference as if ww information never existed (not fringes and anti-fringes as in a quantum eraser). In an earlier hqe scenario, ww information is eliminated at a distance between an entangled atom and photon. In the hqe scenario here, the entangled entities are both photons and ww information provided by one photon regarding the other is lost with the accompanying loss of entanglement between the two photons. The entangled photon pairs are created in a similar process to that used by Kim et al. in their quantum eraser. The photon carrying the ww information (i.e., the idler photon) is effectively lost through the release of classical em radiation of a similar character to the idler photon into a box that is evacuated (except for the idler photon that traverses the box initially on one of its two possible paths to a detector) before the signal photon reaches its detection axis. ``Two slit'' interference for the signal photon shows no evidence that ww information ever existed regarding the signal photon.   

A Reconstruction Algorithm based on Charge Flow for use in the PiZero Detector at T2K

The Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) experiment located in Japan is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment that uses a beam of muon neutrinos passing through a detector (ND280) 280 meter from the beam origin and then through the Super-Kamiokande detector 295 km away. The primary goal of T2K is to measure the mixing angle, $\theta_{13}$, of the first and third generation neutrinos using the $\nu_{e}$ appearance channel. The measurement of the $\pi^{0}$ is crucial as misidentified $\pi^{0}$s are the primary physics background to the $\nu_{e}$ signal at Super-K. The production rate of $\pi^{0}$s in neutral current and $\pi^{0}$ reactions in water will be measured in the PiZero detector component of ND280 and extrapolated to the Super-K detector. We will describe a method of reconstruction based on event charge flow for potential use in the PiZero detector and how it could be used as a starting point for a multivariate analysis of $\pi^{0}$ production in the near detector.   

Gasoline-powered serial hybrid cars cause lower life cycle carbon emissions than battery cars

Battery cars powered by grid electricity promise reduced life cycle green house gas (GHG) emissions from the automotive sector. Such scenarios usually point to the much higher emissions from conventional, internal combustion engine cars. However, today's commercially available serial hybrid technology achieves the well known efficiency gains from regenerative breaking, lack of gearbox, and light weighting - even if the electricity is generated onboard, from conventional fuels. Here, we analyze emissions for commercially available, state-of the-art battery cars (e.g. Nissan Leaf) and those of commercially available serial hybrid cars (e.g., GM Volt, at same size and performance). Crucially, we find that serial hybrid cars driven on (fossil) gasoline cause fewer life cycle GHG emissions (126g CO2e per km) than battery cars driven on current US grid electricity (142g CO2e per km). We attribute this novel finding to the significant incremental life cycle emissions from battery cars from losses during grid transmission, battery dis-/charging, and larger batteries. We discuss crucial implications for strategic policy decisions towards a low carbon automotive sector as well as relative land intensity when powering cars by biofuel vs. bioelectricity.   

Cosmology of g-essence

In the present talk we analyze g-essence models which were proposed recently as an alternative and as a generalization to scalar k-essence. We give several types of solutions of g- essence models. The obtained results show that the g-essence model can describe decelerated and accelerated expansion phases of the universe. We also study g-essence with Yukawa type interactions between a scalar field and a classical Dirac field. For the homogeneous, isotropic and flat Friedmann- Robertson-Walker universe filled with the such g-essence, some exact solutions are found. Moreover, we reconstruct the corresponding scalar and fermionic potentials. [Based on work with D. Singleton, O. Razina, K.Yerzhanov, I.Kulnazarov, P.Tsyba]   

Distribution of demagnetization field in paramagnetic materials with spherical sample geometries

A general method for the calculation of distribution of demagnetization field in paramagnetic materials is described, and the demagnetization field is calculated for samples with spherical geometries. The results show high non-uniformity for the demagnetization field inside the sample depending on the sample aspect ratio and the direction of the externally applied magnetic field.   

Development of a high-resolution AC susceptometer for materials magnetic property investigation

The AC magnetic susceptibility is an important probe for characterizing magnetic properties of many materials. In this effort, an innovative high-resolution AC susceptometer is constructed. It provides us a capability to conduct state-of-the art experiments in AC magnetometry for important physics such as that of colossal magnetoresistance, superconductivity, charge/spin density wave and phase transitions occurring in novel condensed matter materials, and satisfies the needs of students' research training and education in experimental sciences.   

Hawking's \textit{A Briefer History of Time's} No-God-Universe disproven by primordial $^{218}$Po halos embedded in granite rocks, which proves their rapid creation due to $^{218}$Po's 3 min t$_{1/2}$, something only the God of Genesis could have done

Quotes from my Science (184, 62, 1974) report, Radiohalos in Radiochronological and Cosmological Perspective, show why primordial polonium halos earlier commanded attention for creation,'' \textit{It is also apparent that Po halos do pose contradictions to currently held views of Earth history'' {\ldots} ``For example, there is first the problem of how isotopic separation of several Po isotopes [or their $\beta $-decay precursors could have occurred naturally. Second, a straightforward explanation of }$^{218}$\textit{Po halos implies that the 1-$\mu $m radiocenters of very dark halos of this type initially contained as many as 5 $\times $ 10}$^{9}$\textit{ atoms (a concentration of more than 50 percent) of the isotope }$^{218}$\textit{Po (half-life, 3 minutes), a problem that almost defies reason. A further necessary consequence, that such Po halos could have formed only if the host rocks underwent a rapid crystallization, renders exceedingly difficult, in my estimation, the prospect of explaining these halos by physical laws as presently understood.'' } In 1977 E. P. Wigner, G. N. Flerov (Dubna), Ed Anders, E. Segre, F. Dyson, and John Wheeler all commented on these results (see alphacosmos.net). Also, $^{14}$N detection in dwarf radiohalos may be of cosmological significance in implying a superheavy element origin from $^{14}$C emission.   

Static Spherically Symmetric Solutions in Extended Palatini Gravity

We consider static spherically symmetric stellar configurations in Palatini theories of gravity in which the Lagrangian is an unspecified function of the form f(R; R$_{\mu v}$R$^{\mu v}$). We obtain the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov equations corresponding to this class of theories and show that they recover those of f(R) theories and General Relativity in the appropriate limits. We compute exterior vacuum solutions and comment on the possible expected modifications, as compared to GR, of the interior solutions.