Session Q11: New Theories of Cosmology & Astrophysics

Relativistic deficiency in observation probability: Requestion the acceleration of cosmic expansion

This article predicts the relativistic deficiency in event's observability, by connecting quantum uncertainties with speed. The relationship operationally defines mass-carrying \textit{events} as the exclusive building elements of physical reality. The observed event-size is the multiplicative product of conjugate quantum uncertainties, which entails event's speed-compromised observability. The faster the event is, the less observable; \textit{free} massless particles thus disappear. Observational deficiency of events permeates ``vacuum'' and mass, both of which manifest a relativistic dark-fraction, making cosmic objects deceptively farther/accelerating. Reanalysis of high-redshift standard-candles' observational data ``decelerates'' the cosmos to a near-critical expansion and greatly minimizes the upper bound of the vacuum dark-energy.   

Does Hubble expansion cause classical behavior in large quantum objects?

Independent studies have proposed that classical behavior can be induced in quantum objects by existing in an expanding universe of finite extent in space-time. For an object at rest in space with a universal Hubble expansion taking place away from it, a Schrodinger type governing equation can be developed that incorporates Hubble expansion speeds. Wave function solutions to this equation are oscillatory, exhibiting pronounced central localization, with a concentration of probability characterized by a radial distance whose square equals the Planck constant divided by the product of the mass and the Hubble constant. Objects with small masses thus tend to behave in a delocalized manner much as quantum objects do in a static space, while objects with large masses become concentrated into small regions. A rough criterion for classicality is introduced by requiring that the region of high probability density for the wave function of an extended object be smaller than the size of the object. This size threshold for classical behavior does not lead to inconsistencies for quantum correlations between distant entangled quantum objects as the constraint applies to the system's center of mass. While local decoherence can extend the range of classical behavior, this cosmologically induced classicality would appear to impose fundamental limitations on quantum behavior in our universe.   

Planck Mass Rotons and the Cosmological Constant Problem

The dark energy and small positive cosmological constant is the greatest unsolved mystery of elementary particle physics. The solution offered by string theory that there are 10$^{500}$ possible universes suggests that string theory is an incorrect model to describe physical reality. The alternative Planck mass plasma model assumes that the vacuum is densely filled with an equal number of positive and negative Planck mass particles interacting locally over a Planck length by the Planck force, with Lorentz invariance to result from the longitudinal and transverse waves in this superfluid medium propagating with the velocity of light. The negative masses replace super-symmetry and permit to derive the Dirac equation. This model explains the small positive cosmological constant as the small positive gravitational field mass of gravitationally interacting positive and negative mass rotons, with their associated phonons making up 90{\%} of the mass for the universe, with the rest coming from ordinary matter, and with the ratio of both remaining constant during the common cosmic expansion.   

A New Interpretation of the Size of the Visible Universe and its Implications

Considered will be a three dimensional model of the universe as an expanding thin shell. Dynamics of such model has been investigated earlier. It is first introduced by Israel, in the framework of the special-relativity by Czachor, and a systematic study in framework of general relativity is done for instance by Berezin and Krisch. However, our focus will be different. Presented will be significant implications of the 3D- shell model when combined with a new interpretation of the experimental data. Consistent with this model is a new interpretation of the visible universe as a surface of a sphere (or an inside of a sphere shell) with radius 4.46 $\pm$ 0.06 Gpc and an event horizon, located on that sphere (shell), with size of 14.0 $\pm$ 0.2 Gpc. The model predicts the correct value for the Hubble constant $H_0$ = 67.26 $\pm$ 0.90 km/s/Mpc, it predicts the cosmic expansion rate $H(z)$ in agreement with observations, and the values for the particle horizon $\pi ct_0$ and the velocity of the particle horizon $2c$. It allows for an interesting explanation of the uniformity of the CMB without inflation theory. The model also explains the reason for the established discrepancy between the non-covariant version of the holographic principle and the calculated dimensionless entropy $(S/k)$ for the visible universe, which exceeds the entropy of a black hole (and allows to eliminate this discrepancy).   

Vector Modes from a Primordial Hagedorn Phase of String Cosmology

It has been shown in previous publications that a Hagedorn phase of string gas cosmology (SGC) can provide a casual mechanism for generating a nearly scale-invariant spectrum of the scalar metric fluctuations, without the need for a period of slow-roll inflation. In this paper we will compute the spectrum of the vector metric fluctuations in SGC and show that it is proportional to pressure, as in standard early universe cosmology. // Ali Nayeri: nayeri@chapman.edu, Michael Girard: mgirard@uci.edu