Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS April Meeting 2011
Volume 56, Number 4
Saturday–Tuesday, April 30–May 3 2011; Anaheim, California
Session K1: Poster Session II (2:00-5:00PM) |
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Sponsoring Units: APS Room: Imperial/Regal Rooms |
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K1.00001: ASTROPHYSICS |
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K1.00002: Five Paradoxes and a General Question on Time Traveling Florentin Smarandache We present five paradoxes about: traveling to the past, traveling to the future, time traveling of a pregnant woman, traveling in the past before the birth, and traveling in the future after death. And a general question about how long does the time traveling take by itself? [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00003: Dark Energy Does Not Exist Sol Aisenberg Edward Hubble in early 1900s observed red shifts for galaxies outside our solar system and found red shifts increasing linearly with distance. Modern telescopes looking at larger distances found a limit for use of red shift for extremely remote galaxies. Two ways of finding distances are (a) the light received (magnitude), and (b) the associated red shift. For very remote galaxies magnitude distances was larger than distances from red shift. Differences are wrongly explained by acceleration of receding velocities of these remote galaxies. Dark Energy was used to supply acceleration energy. Red shift is due to an increase in wavelength of the light, plus reduced energy and frequency of photons. Photon energy approaches zero with distance and must approach zero asymptotically and never is negative. This explains differences between very large distances determined optically and by red shift. There is no acceleration - Dark Energy is not needed. It is (wrongly) suggested that Dark Energy adds to Dark Matter by Einstein's relation between energy and matter. We also question the use of red shift to show the expanding velocity through the Doppler effect [1]. \\[4pt] [1] \textit{The Misunderstood Universe}, Aisenberg, S., (New York, {\copyright} 2009) [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00004: GPU based SPH simulations of the compact binary coalescence Stou Sandalski, Prashanth Jaikumar Quark stars represent one possible path of evolution for large neutron stars. With the increasing availability of powerful commodity hardware with massively-parallel computing capabilities (i.e. GPUs) it is becoming possible to run medium to large scale hydrodynamic simulations on inexpensive hardware. One algorithm particularly well suited for the GPU is Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). We investigate the coalescence of binary compact objects using a GPU based SPH code. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00005: Mechanism for spectral break in cosmic ray proton spectrum for the emissions from Supernova remnant W44 Roald Sagdeev, Mikhail Malkov, Patrick Diamond Recent observations of the supernova remnant W44 by the \emph{Fermi }spacecraft observatory strongly support the idea that the bulk of galactic cosmic rays is accelerated in such remnants by a Fermi mechanism, also known as diffusive shock acceleration. However, the W44 expands into weakly ionized dense gas, and so a significant revision of the mechanism is required. In this paper we provide the necessary modifications and demonstrate that strong ion-neutral collisions in the remnant surrounding lead to the steepening of the energy spectrum of accelerated particles by \emph{exactly one power}. The spectral break is caused by Alfven wave evanescence leading to the fractional particle losses. The gamma-ray spectrum generated in collisions of the accelerated protons with the ambient gas is also calculated and successfully fitted to the Fermi Observatory data. The parent proton spectrum is best represented by a classical test particle power law $\propto E^{- 2}$, steepening to $E^{-3}$ at $E_{br}\approx7GeV$ due to deteriorated particle confinement. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00006: Probing Nearby CR Accelerators and ISM Turbulence with Milagro Hot Spots Luke Drury, Mikhail Malkov, Patrick Diamond, Roald Sagdeev Acceleration of cosmic rays (CR) in supernova remnant shocks should result in an almost isotropic CR spectrum. Yet the MILAGRO TeV observatory discovered a sharp $\sim$10 deg arrival anisotropy. We suggest a mechanism for producing a narrow CR beam which operates en route to the observer. The key assumption is that CRs are scattered by a strongly anisotropic Alfven wave spectrum formed by the turbulent cascade across the local field direction. The strongest pitch-angle scattering occurs for particles moving almost precisely along the field line. The enhanced scattering results in a weak but narrow particle excess. The width, the fractional excess and the maximum momentum of the beam are calculated from a systematic transport theory depending on a single scale L which can be associated with the longest Alfven wave, efficiently scattering the beam. The best match to all the three characteristics of the beam is achieved at L$\sim$1 pc. The distance to a possible source of the beam is estimated to be within a few 100pc. Possible approaches to determination of the scale L from the characteristics of the source are discussed. Alternative scenarios of drawing the beam from the galactic CR background are considered. The beam related large scale anisotropic CR component is found to be energy independent which is also consistent with the observations. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00007: Structure and Scale of Cosmic Ray Modified Shocks Patrick Diamond, Mikhail Malkov, Roald Sagdeev Astrophysical shocks, diffusively accelerating cosmic rays (CR) ought to develop CR precursors. The length of the precursor $L_{p}$ is believed to be set by the ratio of the CR mean free path $\lambda$ to the shock speed, $L_{p}\sim c\lambda/V_{sh}\sim cr_{g}/V_{sh}$, which is independent of the CR pressure $P_{c}$. However, the X-ray observations of supernova remnant shocks suggest that the precursor scale may be significantly shorter than $L_{p}$ which would question the above estimate unless the magnetic field is strongly amplified and the gyroradius $r_{g}$ is strongly reduced. We argue that while the CR pressure builds up ahead of the shock, the acceleration enters into a strongly nonlinear phase in which an acoustic instability, driven by the CR pressure gradient, dominates other instabilities (for $\beta < 1$ ). In this regime the precursor steepens into a strongly nonlinear front whose size scales with \emph{the CR pressure }as $L_{f}\sim L_{p}\cdot\left(L_{s}/L_{p}\right)^{2}\left(P_{c}/P_{g}\right)^{2 }$, where $L_{s}$ is the scale of the developed acoustic turbulence, and $P_{c}/P_{g}$ is the ratio of CR to gas pressure. Since $L_{s}\ll L_{p}$, the precursor scale reduction may be strong in the case of even a moderate gas heating by the CRs through the acoustic and (possibly also) the other instabilities driven by the CRs. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00008: UHECR Acceleration at Filaments of Cosmological Structure Formation Mikhail Malkov, Patrick Diamond, Roald Sagdeev A mechanism of particle acceleration to $\sim10^{21}eV$ is suggested. It operates in accretion flows around thin DM filaments of cosmic structure formation. The magnetic field is compressed by the flow to become nearly parallel to the filament. Initially, particles $\mathbf{E}\times\mathbf{B}$ drift towards the filament in the azimuthal electric field $\mathbf{E}$. Upon approaching the filament, the particle \emph{drift} changes to a nearly \emph{circular} rotation around the filament, i.e. along the motion electric field. In this ``betatron'' acceleration regime the electrodynamic limit on the particle energy $cp_{max}=eBR$ in an accelerator with the orbit radius $R$ and magnetic field $B$, is reached very rapidly. As soon as $p$ exceeds $p_{max}$, the particle slings out of the filament to the region of a weak (uncompressed) magnetic field and the acceleration is terminated. The mechanism is a re-acceleration that operates on particles with the required initial energy. Particle pre- acceleration is likely to occur in structure formation shocks. Such shocks are efficient proton accelerators to a firm upper limit $\sim10^{19.5}eV$ placed by the catastrophic photo-pion losses. The suggested mechanism, being explosive in its betatron phase, has a potential to overcome the losses and boost protons to $\sim10^{21}eV$. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00009: Every Elementary Particle When Created, Will Exhibit No Motion, Linear, Rotational and/or Vibrational Motion Which May Later Be Modified By External Forces: A Natural Law Stewart Brekke All masses are vibrating, rotating and/or moving linearly. Curivlinear motion is linear motion under external forces. The excess energy of creation of a particle may also go into creating vibratory, rotational and/or linear motion or no motion at all. External forces such as particle collisions or force fields may alter the original linear, vibratory and/or rotational motion of the particle. Since all elementary particles always obey this behavior, the statement is a natural law. The equation for this law for any particle is $E=mc^2 + 1/2mv^2 + 1/2I\omega^2 + 1/2kx_0^2$. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00010: Identifying electromagnetic transients related to gravitational-wave emission Cinthia Padilla Over the past several years the LIGO, Virgo and GEO600 gravitational-wave detectors have operated together as a worldwide network. The combined data from these detectors allows sky localization of astrophysical gravitational-wave sources. By running searches for transient gravitational waves shortly after the data is taken, sky locations can be communicated to electromagnetic observers early enough to allow measurement of any electromagnetic emission in the aftermath of a strong gravitational-wave signal. By measuring both the gravitational and the electromagnetic radiation we can learn a significant amount about their source. Over the past year, electromagnetic images of sky locations corresponding to low-threshold gravitational-wave triggers have been acquired. These are now being analyzed for optical transients. Challenges include unrelated disturbances such as asteroids, satellites, clouds and other objects in space. In this poster we describe the procedure for identifying EM transients with a developed pipeline designed to compare images and sky catalogs to distinguish stars in nearby galaxies and reject background events. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00011: The Promises and Challenges of LISA Science Michele Vallisneri The planned space-based observatory LISA will target gravitational waves of frequency between 0.1 mHz and 1 Hz. This band is populated by thousands of detectable astrophysical sources, which will enable many exciting investigations: exploring hierarchical galaxy formation scenarios, sampling the strong-field regime of general-relativistic dynamics, taking a census of Galactic compact binaries, characterizing the nature of the massive objects at galactic centers, and much more. In the last decade, the LISA community has achieved many proofs of principle that we will be able to extract the best possible science from the LISA data; in the remaining years before LISA is launched we must now work toward mature and robust analysis tools, making the best use of the experience of ground-based gravitational-wave astronomy, and of the advances in astronomical surveys and databases. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00012: ABSTRACT WITHDRAWN |
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K1.00013: Compact binary coalescence searches with low latency: why and how Nickolas Fotopoulos, Kipp Cannon, Melissa Frei, Chad Hanna, Drew Keppel, Stephen Privitera, Leo Singer Low-latency gravitational-wave (GW) detection of a compact binary coalescence (CBC) will allow electromagnetic (EM) followups to observe earlier parts of the corresponding lightcurves, which are brighter, convey more information about the progenitor system, and allow a more confident association of GW and EM transients. Conventional matched filter banks, common in CBC searches, are computationally efficient, but incur a latency of many minutes. Searches with latencies of seconds and significantly increased throughput are achievable with techniques such as principal component analysis, to reduce the number of filtered templates, hierarchical detection with singular value decomposition by-products, and exploitation of the quasi-monochromatic structure of chirps to filter time-slices at different sample rates. We present an implementation of these ideas called LLOID, based on the LSC Algorithm Library and the GStreamer multimedia framework. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00014: Fast nuclear spin conversion from \textit{para}-H$_{2}$O to \textit{ortho}-H$_{2}$O: A matrix isolation study in solid argon Russell Sliter, Melissa Gish, Andrey Vilesov Single water molecules have been isolated in solid Ar matrices at 4 K and studied by ro-vibrational spectroscopy using FTIR in the regions of the $\nu _{1}$, $\nu _{2}$, and $\nu _{3}$ modes. Upon nuclear spin conversion at 4 K, essentially pure \textit{para}-H$_{2}$O was prepared followed by subsequent fast annealing generating ice particles. FTIR studies of the vapor above the condensed water upon annealing to T $\ge $ 250 K indicate fast re-conversion of nuclear spin to equilibrium conditions. Our results indicate that nuclear spin conversion is fast in water dimers and larger clusters, which precludes preparation of concentrated samples of para-water, such as in ice or in vapor. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00015: Dark Energy and Dark Matter as w = -1 Virtual Particles and the World Hologram Model Jack Sarfatti The elementary physics battle-tested principles of Lorentz invariance, Einstein equivalence principle and the boson commutation and fermion anti-commutation rules of quantum field theory explain gravitationally repulsive dark energy as virtual bosons and gravitationally attractive dark matter as virtual fermion-antifermion pairs. The small dark energy density in our past light cone is the reciprocal entropy-area of our future light cone's 2D future event horizon in a Novikov consistent loop in time in our accelerating universe. Yakir Aharonov's ``back-from-the-future'' post-selected final boundary condition is set at our observer-dependent future horizon that also explains why the irreversible thermodynamic arrow of time of is aligned with the accelerating dark energy expansion of the bulk 3D space interior to our future 2D horizon surrounding it as the hologram screen. Seth Lloyd has argued that all 2D horizon surrounding surfaces are pixelated quantum computers projecting interior bulk 3D quanta of volume (Planck area)Sqrt(area of future horizon) as their hologram images in 1-1 correspondence. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00016: The mass, energy, space and time systemic theory-MEST Dayong Cao In solar system, the sun is the mass-energy center. The mass absorb the mass by the mass wave; the energy radiate the energy by energy wave. So the wave is around the sun. In dark hole system, the dark hole is the space-time center, the dark mass-energy is around it. The dark hole system is a negative systemic model to the solar system. So the dark atom is made up from the dark negative photon, the dark negative neutrino and the dark negative muon. The dark mass-energy is made up from the negative proton and the negative neutron. The negative proton mean that it take a negative density. The negative neutron mean that it take a negative pressure. When the dark mass-energy go into the solar corona, they can take a reaction with the neutrino. \begin{equation} n^-+\nu_e\rightarrow{p}+\mu \end{equation} \begin{equation} p^-+\nu_e\rightarrow{n}+\mu \end{equation} Among it, $n^-$:the negative neutron of dark mass-energy, $p^-$:the negative proton of dark mass-energy, $\nu_e$: electron neutrino, n: neutron, p: proton, $\mu$: the muon. It can take the high temperature, large electromagnetic field and the Magnetic reconnection in the solar corona. And it can explain of the electron neutrino of sun lose in. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00017: The mass, energy, space and time systemic theory-MEST-the auther's new idea about the comet be authenticated Dayong Cao The auther's new idear about the dark comet be authenticated. ``There are a lot of asteroids and dark matter-energy near the orbit of Jupiter.'', ``Black hole have many dark planets who is made up of dark matter-energy like that Sun have many planets.'' (see Dayong Cao, BAPS.2008.DNP.LG.8, BAPS.2008.SES.NC.5), ``The comet is dark planet.'' (see Dayong Cao, BAPS.2009.APR.E1.33). `` `Comets' orbiting a black hole'' (see R. Maiolino, G. Risaliti, etc. http://arxiv.org/abs/1005.3365), and ``NASA's WISE Eye Spies Near-Earth Asteroid -those that don't reflect much visible light'' (see Whitney Clavin, http://www.nasa.gov/mission\_pages/WISE/news/wise20100122.html). ``The sun is the mass-energy center. The dark hole is the space-time center. So the comet is space-time center too. It is very dark by absorbed light. Sun has a companion dark hole with the Oort cloud as a dark planet belt. During passed 500 million years, The companion dark hole goes near sun and takes the dark comet to impact our earth every 250 million years.'' So the impaction will come now. (see Dayong Cao, BAPS.2010.SES.DA.26). A mass-energy coordinate of a new theory of the black hole be bring put forward, and the `Tyche' is the companion dark hole which be supposed by the author. ``Can WISE Find the Hypothetical `Tyche'?'' (see Whitney Clavin, http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2011-060). [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00018: Proof for Waves in Dark Matter Orvin Wagner 1. Organization and Stability of the Solar System. 2. Penetration of matter. 3. Types of waves received and transmitted 4. Organization of nature. 5. Wave velocity as a function of dark matter density on earth and elsewhere. One of the main unsolved problems is the stability of the solar system. Standing dark matter waves from the sun take care of this. Dark matter penetrates everything so do dark matter waves. The received signals are represented by long periods which would be expected of low velocity waves. The organization of plants appears to be directly related to waves in dark matter and one can even see a relation to ``dark energy.'' The wave velocities are inversely proportional to the square root of the density of dark matter. For example near 1.25 m/s on the sun's surface and close to 25 m/s in air on the earth's surface and about 10 m/s on Uranus, for example. In empty space where the dark matter density is very small the dark matter wave velocity would be very large. The solar cycle seems to be easily explained by dark matter oscillations in the sun with the dark matter wave velocity near 1 m/s. Dark matter waves seem to explain many phenomena that have not been explained adequately so far. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00019: Plasma Redshift Cosmology Ari Brynjolfsson The newly discovered plasma redshift cross section explains a long range of phenomena; including the cosmological redshift, and the intrinsic redshift of Sun, stars, galaxies and quasars. It explains the beautiful black body spectrum of the CMB, and it predicts correctly: a) the observed XRB, b) the magnitude redshift relation for supernovae, and c) the surface- brightness-redshift relation for galaxies. There is no need for Big Bang, Inflation, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Accelerated Expansion, and Black Holes. The universe is quasi-static and can renew itself forever (for details, see: http://www.plasmaredshift.org). There is no cosmic time dilation. In intergalactic space, the average electron temperature is T = 2.7 million K, and the average electron density is N = 0.0002 per cubic cm. Plasma redshift is derived theoretically from conventional axioms of physics by using more accurate methods than those conventionally used. The main difference is: 1) the proper inclusion of the dielectric constant, 2) more exact calculations of imaginary part of the dielectric constant, and as required 3) a quantum mechanical treatment of the interactions. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00020: Big Bang Titanic: New Dark Energy (Vacuum Gravity) Cosmic Model Emerges Upon Falsification of The Big Bang By Disproof of Its Central Assumptions Robert Gentry Physicists who identify the big bang with the early universe should have first noted from Hawking's \textit{A Brief History of Time}, p. 42, that he ties Hubble's law to Doppler shifts from galaxy recession from a nearby center, not to bb's unvalidated and thus problematical expansion redshifts. Our PRL submission LJ12135 describes such a model, but in it Hubble's law is due to Doppler and vacuum gravity effects, the 2.73K CBR is vacuum gravity shifted blackbody cavity radiation from an outer galactic shell, and its (1 + z)$^{-1}$ dilation and (M,z) relations closely fit high-z SNe Ia data; all this strongly implies our model's vacuum energy\textit{ is} the elusive dark energy. We also find GPS operation's GR effects falsify big bang's in-flight expansion redshift paradigm, and hence the big bang, by showing $\lambda $ changes occur only at emission. Surprisingly we also discover big bang's CBR prediction is T $<$ 2$\times $10$^{-8}$ K, not the observed 2.73K. So instead of the 2.73K affirming the big bang as cosmologists claim, it actually disproves it, to which the DAE's response is most enigmatic -- namely, \underline {CBR photons} expand d$\lambda $/dt $>$ 0, while \underline {galactic photons} \underline {shrink} d$\lambda $/dt $<$ 0. Contrary to a PRL editor's claim, the above results show LJ12135 fits PRL guidelines for papers that replace established theories. For details see \underline {alphacosmos.net.} [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00021: Theory of Elementary Waves (TEW) -- Structure of the Early Universe Jeffrey Boyd A new theory of physics, the Theory of Elementary Waves (TEW), starts with the idea that wave particle duality is wrong. Although this may sound at first like a crackpot idea, there is more experimental evidence supporting the validity of TEW than supporting the validity theory of wave particle duality. This has obvious implications for study of the early universe. TEW is a theory that is so symmetrical with wave particle duality that either theory can equally well explain almost all quantum experiments, such as the double slit experiment. The mathematics is the same with either theory. According to TEW waves are ubiquitous in nature, traveling in all directions at the speed of light, at all wavelengths, 24 hours a day 7 days a week. The intensity of elementary waves impinging on a particle source, determines the likelihood that a particle will be emitted following that specific wave. If a particle follows a wave (backwards), the particle has a trajectory, is not in a superposition, and the probability of remaining attached to that specific wave is one. So these elementary waves apparently form the structure of the universe, perhaps all the way back to the Big Bang. Could they be primordial? See http://Elwave.org [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00022: ABSTRACT WITHDRAWN |
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K1.00023: PARTICLES AND FIELDS |
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K1.00024: ABSTRACT WITHDRAWN |
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K1.00025: Particle acceleration for a stationary observer in Schwartzschild spacetime David Snead We explore the acceleration of a massive particle in free fall in a stationary observer' s proper reference frame in the gravitational field of a spherical body. Comparisons of the results are made between Newtonian theory and General Relativity. It is seen that the acceleration has a velocity dependence in GR which only approaches the Newtonian value as the particle speed approaches 0 (and the particle is well outside the gravitational\ radius of the gravitating body). The GR result shows a critical vertical velocity at c/$\sqrt{2}$ where the vertical acceleration goes to 0. The GR result is found to be $a_x=\frac{2 M v_x v_z}{r ^2\sqrt{1-\frac{2 M}{r}}},\ a_y=\frac {2 M v_y v_z}{r ^2\sqrt{1-\frac{2 M}{r}}},\ a_z=-\frac{M \left (1-2 v_z^2\right)}{r ^2\sqrt{1-\frac{2 M}{r}}}$ which compares with the Newtonian result of $a_x=0,\ a_y=0,\ a_z=-\frac{M }{r ^2}$ (in units where c=1, G=1). [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00026: Using 5th Force Searches to Place Limits on New Scalars in the Dark Sector Aruna Wanninayake, Gintaras Duda Several dark matter models have been introduced recently that involve new scalar particles. For example, if dark matter decays into a new light boson that is constrained to decay into leptons, the PAMELA positron excess can be explained. This work involves using both historic and modern searches for fifth forces to constrain new dark matter models that introduce new, light, scalar particles. Limits on such models from laboratory 5th force searches will be presented; additionally, astrophysical constraints will be explored. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00027: Dark Matter Annihilations and the Observed Positron Excess from Fermi and PAMELA Katherine Garrett, Gintaras Duda The composition of dark matter remains an unsolved mystery in astroparticle physics and cosmology. State of the art experiments are searching for dark matter using two different methods: direct detection, in which a WIMP-like particle interacts with a detector in the laboratory, and indirect detection, in which products of dark matter annihilations such as neutrinos, gamma rays, and antimatter are detected. Recent results from two indirect detection experiments, Fermi and PAMELA, show a flux of positrons above the expected background signal; this positron excess may point toward a primary source of positrons that could be explained by dark matter annihilations. No such excess is seen in the antiproton flux, however, so dark matter models must be finely tuned. Utilizing GALPROP to generate cosmic ray backgrounds and DarkSUSY to generate supersymmetric models in which the neutralino is the dark matter, we will present an investigation of the characteristics of a neutralino necessary to reproduce the observed positron excess. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00028: Constraints on Universal Extra-Dimensional Dark Matter from Direct Detection Results Trevor Torpin, Gintaras Duda Detection of dark matter is one of the most challenging and important problems in astro-particle physics. One theory that produces a viable particle dark matter candidate is Universal Extra Dimensions (UED), in which the existence of a 4th spatial dimension is theorized. The extra dimension is not seen because it is compactifed on a circular orbifold whose radius is too small to be observed with current technology. What separates this theory over other Kaluza-Klein-type theories is that UED allows all standard model particles and fields to propagate in the extra dimension. The dark matter candidate in UED theories is a stable particle known as the Lightest Kaluza-Klein Particle or LKP, and the LKP can exist with sufficient relic density to serve as the dark matter. This work will present bounds on UED model parameters from direct dark matter searches such as the CDMS II. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00029: New Aspects of Angular Momentum Quantization in Curved Geometries Felix T. Smith Curvature in velocity space affects angular momentum through the Thomas precession, observable through quantum effects. When position space is curved too, a similar angular momentum effect arises, with an even smaller curvature parameter. In a phase space view of dynamics and group theory the two effects appear through a direct product of two Lorentz groups, one centered on Lorentz boosts and the other on translations in a hyperbolic position space. The usual tensor representation must now be extended to $8\times 8$ matrices arising from position and velocity submatrices. The rotation subgroup becomes a direct product group $R\left( 3 \right)_{\mbox{vel}} \otimes R\left( 3 \right)_{\mbox{pos}} $. Its matrices recouple into a total angular momentum of standard form and a new contra-angular momentum $Q$ represented by $6\times 6$ matrices whose Lie algebra and quantization properties have been derived (Smith, F. T., Ann. Fond. L. de Broglie, \textbf{30}, 179 (2010)). It has quantum numbers $q,m_q $ whose connections with elementary particles are as yet undetermined. Transitions will be highly forbidden except in regions of high gravitational curvature or high relative velocity. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00030: Alignment of the CMS muon system with tracks Aysen Tatarinov The CMS detector features a full tracking spectrometer for identifying and measuring the momenta of muons. Every muon passes through 18-44 layers, providing a highly redundant track capable of validating and improving the momentum measurement from the inner tracker. But like any tracking system, its performance depends on precise knowledge of the positions of the tracking elements relative to one another and relative to the central CMS silicon tracker. We present techniques to align the muon chambers and layers with high precision using tracks from cosmic-ray, beam halo muons and the collisions data. We measure the current precision of the alignment procedure with the existing data and quantify the expected alignment accuracy based on large datasets to be collected during 2011. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00031: Performance and Development of the Neutron Time Projection Chamber Gianpaolo Carosi, N.S. Bowden, M. Heffner, D. Carter, I. Jovanovic, C. Roecker, J. Mintz, M. Foxe, P. O'Malley Here we describe the performance and further development of a directional fast neutron detection system: the Neutron Time Projection Chamber (nTPC). Fast neutron detection shows significant promise as a special nuclear material (SNM) search method. Directionally sensitive detection offers improvement in detection speed compared to proximity searching, powerful suppression of backgrounds, and the ability to map multiple or distributed sources. The nTPC provides an efficient means of measuring the full 3D trajectory, specific ionization (i.e particle ID) and energy of charged particles and is optimized to measure recoil protons from fast neutron scatters in hydrogen or methane gas. Here, we describe detector performance, which includes clearly observing and localizing a fission source at 10s of meters standoff along with the ability to resolve multiple fission sources. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00032: High Luminosity Electron-Hadron Collider eRHIC Vadim Ptitsyn, Elke Aschenauer, Joanne Beebe-Wang, Ilan Ben-Zvi, Xiangun Chang, Alexey Fedotov, Harald Hahn, Yue Hao, Dmitry Kayran, Jorg Kewisch, Vladimir Litvinenko, George Mahler, Brett Parker, Thomas Roser, Triveni Rao, Brian Sheehy, John Skaritka, Dejan Trbojevic, Nickolaos Tsoupas, Joe Tuozzolo, Gang Wang, Wencan Xu, Wuzheng Meng, Animesh Jain, Lee Hammons The design of future high-energy high-luminosity electron-hadron collider at RHIC called eRHIC is presented. We plan adding energy recovery linacs to accelerate the electron beam to 20 (potentially 30) GeV and to collide the electrons with hadrons in RHIC. The center-of-mass energy of eRHIC will range from 30 to 200 GeV. The luminosity exceeding 10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ can be achieved in eRHIC using the low-beta interaction region with a 10 mrad crab crossing. The important eRHIC R\&D items include the high-current polarized electron source, the coherent electron cooling and the compact magnets for recirculating passes. A natural staging scenario of step-by-step increases of the electron beam energy by building-up of eRHIC's SRF linacs and a potential of adding polarized positrons are also presented. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00033: A knot theory of physics, spacetime in co-dimension 2 Clifford Ellgen Attempts to describe particles as topological phenomena go back at least as far as Kelvin's conjecture that atoms are knots in the ether. A modern parallel is to ask whether the spacetime manifold of general relativity can be knotted and what properties those knots might have. However, if the manifold is everywhere Lorentzian, then a change of the topology of a spacelike slice of spacetime requires violation of causality. A consistent model emerges if we assume that the spacetime manifold is a 4-dimensional manifold embedded in a 6-dimensional Minkowski space and that each spacelike slice of the manifold has finite energy. A finite energy embedding allows the metric on the manifold to be degenerate on a set of measure zero, therefore the manifold may not be everywhere Lorentzian, which allows for certain types of topology change. An n-dimensional manifold embedded in an n+2-dimensional space can be knotted. We show that the possible knots on the spacetime manifold have properties corresponding to the known elementary particles. If we include the electromagnetic potential then we can use a simple Lagrangian to describe all of the forces including gravity. A simple extension of the assumptions produces quantum field theory. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00034: On a Singular Solution in Higgs Field (1)- Basic equation and structure for SM Higgs boson mass Kazuyoshi Kitazawa A formula for mass of SM Higgs boson (H$^{0}$) is derived by considering certain asymptotic behavior for singular solution of EOM of Higgs field via Euler-Lagrange equation, in which ${\rm{M}}_{{\rm{H}}^0 }$ is shown as a rest mass of Higgs boson mass of the field, which maintains Lorentz invariance. Where the asymptotic formula extracts a proper information near the singular solution. By modifying the mass formula with H$^{0}$ production scheme of W/Z-fusion process, the value of ${\rm{M}} _ {{\rm{H}}^0 }$ is determined at 120.611 GeV/c$^{2}$. Then the mass structure of H$^{0}$ is discussed by top quark decay processes in electroweak and quark sectors with newly enlarged equation of motion (Non-Linear Klein- Gordon), calculating the mass value of top quark as 171.266 GeV/c$^{2}$. And from the difference between the value by assuming that H$^{0}$ is a virtual bound state of top quark- pair ($(t\bar {t}$)$^{*}$) itself with the mass formula obtained by requirement of minimal mass production and the theoretical mass value of H$^{0}$ (120.611 GeV/c$^{2}$), it is expected that H$^{0}$ is to be a composite scalar meson after emitting one photon from the $(t\bar {t}$)$^{*}$ through radiative decay. Finally, a mass structure of H$^{0}$ which is composed of all spin 0 mesons' masses, is proposed. Where the truncated-Octahedron mass structure is recursively (doubly) seen. [Preview Abstract] |
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K1.00035: Mass without Geometry Geoffrey Holstrom Mass is an intensive parameter in a distribution in formation interval space.It has no geometric location. After formation a geometry can describe behavior. To begin, a direct product of two formation interval spaces is broken by release of a neutrino. Two connection operators appear. One is symmetric (forming leptons), the other anti-symmetric (forming hadrons). 3 leptons, 6 quarks, and 3 neutrinos result. This is a determined union. If no neutrino is released, no mass is formed. This is an undetermined union. In the former, time exists because mass exists. At undetermined unions there is no time. Maxwell fields come from determined unions. At undetermined unions Einstein equations apply, but no definite source is available. From the curvature, a three index object for a source is needed. The anti-symmetric connection at determined unions can be projected into the undefined geometry of undetermined unions. That gives a beam, and if spherically random, gravity. Protons and neutrons are each made up of three colored beams. Gauge fields in formation space hold the proton together, but beams could bind n and p. For this to be true the beam size is a very small solid angle. Some nuclear structure is involved. [Preview Abstract] |
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