Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS April Meeting 2010
Volume 55, Number 1
Saturday–Tuesday, February 13–16, 2010; Washington, DC
Session K3: Nucleosynthesis in Stellar Explosions |
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Sponsoring Units: DNP DAP Chair: Christian Iliadis, University of North Carolina Room: Thurgood Marshall South |
Sunday, February 14, 2010 3:30PM - 4:06PM |
K3.00001: Advances in the Modeling of Type Ia Supernovae Invited Speaker: Type Ia supernovae are bright stellar explosions distinguished by a lack of hydrogen features in the observed spectra. These events produce and disseminate heavy elements and are noted for properties of their light curves that allow the standardization of events and subsequent use as cosmological distance indicators. The explosion mechanism, however, remains incompletely understood. I will present an overview of the physics of these events and competing explosion models. Many models invoke a deflagration born near the center of a white dwarf that has gained mass from a stellar companion. I will present simulations of this single-degenerate scenario in which the deflagration transitions to a detonation and describe the dependence of explosion yield on properties of the white dwarf and conditions under which the transition to detonation occurs. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, February 14, 2010 4:06PM - 4:42PM |
K3.00002: Nucleosynthesis in the Classical Nova Outburst Invited Speaker: Classical Novae are the consequences of the accretion of hydrogen-rich material onto white dwarfs in close binary stellar systems. They are the third largest stellar explosions that occur in a galaxy after Gamma-ray Bursts and Supernovae but are far more common. They are well studied in the Solar neighborhood and in nearby galaxies so that a large number now have measured chemical abundances of their ejected gases. Of importance to this meeting, our simulations show that the temperatures reached in the explosions sample the same conditions as realized in terrestrial laboratory measurements; therefore, no extrapolations are necessary. As a result, we have been doing new calculations that test the effects of new reaction rates on predictions of the observed properties of the outburst. We will show the results of these simulations and, in addition, the effects of including reaction rates that were not previously included in the calculations. We will also show how the evolution and properties of the explosion depends on the initial assumed composition of the accreting material and the characteristics of the white dwarf. Finally, the connection with Supernovae of Type Ia, the explosions currently being used the study the evolution of the universe, is that they are thought to be the consequences of the accretion of helium rich material onto a white dwarf. The results of new simulations of these events will be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, February 14, 2010 4:42PM - 5:18PM |
K3.00003: New Hydrodynamical Models of Type I X-Ray Bursts Invited Speaker: Type I X-ray bursts constitute the most frequent type of stellar explosion in the Galaxy (and the third most energetic event after supernovae and nova outbursts). They take place in the H/He-rich envelopes accreted onto neutron stars in binary systems. In this talk, I will present new hydrodynamic models (1D) of type I X-ray bursts, from the onset of accretion up to the explosion stage, with special emphasis on their gross observational properties (light curves, recurrence time between bursts) and their associated nucleosynthesis. In particular, I will focus on the impact of the chemical composition of the accreted material on burst properties. The impact of nuclear uncertainties on the final nucleosynthetic yields will be discussed as well. [Preview Abstract] |
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