Bulletin of the American Physical Society
Four Corners Section 2022 Meeting
Volume 67, Number 14
Friday–Saturday, October 14–15, 2022; Albuquerque, New Mexico
Session M04: Atmospheric Physics/Geophysics |
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Chair: Richard Sonnenfeld, New Mexico Tech and Langmuir Lab Room: UNM PAIS 2540 |
Saturday, October 15, 2022 1:00PM - 1:24PM |
M04.00001: Magma transport through tectonic plates: decoding messages from Earth's deep interior Invited Speaker: Mousumi Roy One of the most important processes in the evolution of rocky planets is partial melting. It is the key to the layered structure of the planetary interior, including formation of continents on Earth (and possibly on rocky extrasolar planets too). Continents comprise some of the most buoyant materials found at Earth’s surface and, once formed, they stay at the surface for billions of years. Interestingly, melting and magma transport are also implicated in plate tectonics—the destruction/reshaping of continents—yet we lack a quantitative understanding of these linkages. For example, we do not know how much magma can be transported through a tectonic plate, and for how long, before it completely weakens and destabilizes it. |
Saturday, October 15, 2022 1:24PM - 1:36PM |
M04.00002: Mid-Altitude Radial Convergence Identification Using the KNN Algorithm Tye Bell, Michael De'Antonio, Jacob Wilson, Anthony Brown, David Dubois Downbursts form and occur rapidly; this makes gathering reliable data on phenomena rare. The k-nearest neighbor algorithm is a machine learning technique that can be effective in applications where there are limited amounts of data. Here we report the implementation of this algorithm in classifying a key meteorological attribute of downbursts - the mid-altitude radial convergence (MARC) of winds. The goal of this project was to provide a proof of concept for the use of the KNN algorithm to successfully differentiate between instances where there was a MARC, where there may have been a MARC, and where there was not a MARC. In partnership with the National Weather Service of El Paso, 17 radar instances of negative, potential, and positive MARC signatures were collected. The parameters used were the magnitude of the difference in speed between the converging winds and the altitude. MATLAB was used to apply the KNN algorithm to the data. The accuracy was evaluated with testing data points. Upon testing the data points, each case returned a correctly identified output indicating 100% classification accuracy. This result is an indication that the KNN algorithm can be used to identify instances where a MARC signature has occurred, however, further testing with more data is required. The results of our research imply that future development is possible to achieve real-time monitoring of radar data to assist in the early identification of MARC signatures, which could allow for life-saving preparation before a downburst. |
Saturday, October 15, 2022 1:36PM - 1:48PM |
M04.00003: Numerical Modelling of a Meteorite Impact Seismic Source Using the Stress Glut Theory Marouchka Froment, Philippe Lognonné, Carene Larmat, Zhou Lei, Esteban Rougier, Taichi Kawamura Meteorite Impacts have proved to be a significant source of seismic signal on the Moon, and have now been recorded on Mars by InSight seismometers. Understanding how impacts produce seismic signal is key to the interpretation of this unique data. |
Saturday, October 15, 2022 1:48PM - 2:00PM |
M04.00004: Tracking magma: Using Nd isotopic ratios as geochemical beacons Kellen Malone, Mousumi Roy A fundamental assumption in interpreting trace-element isotopic ratio measurements is that ratios like 143Nd/144Nd of erupted basalts directly reflect the initial isotopic ratios within the melt source at the time of melting. This is a reasonable assumption, given that partial melting begins at the pore-scale, where melts and mineral grains are in equilibrium. However, as those melts are transported to the surface (e.g., within melt-rich channels), it is generally assumed that chemical exchange in magma-rock interaction leaves these isotopic ratios unchanged. In this work we challenge and investigate this assumption by quantitatively modeling disequilibrium magma-rock interaction during transport using 1-D two-phase advection-diffusion-exchange equations. We determine the extent to which this interaction can ``overprint’’ the starting magma isotopic compositions with the isotopic compositions of the surrounding rock. Because Nd isotopes are used as a fundamental probe of mantle melting over time, this work has important implications for our understanding of plate tectonics and Earth evolution. |
Saturday, October 15, 2022 2:00PM - 2:12PM |
M04.00005: Global stormtime evolution of thermospheric zonal winds near dawn and dusk Ivana M Molina, Ludger Scherliess Thermospheric neutral winds present a highly dynamic behavior with changing geophysical conditions. Geomagnetic storms are global events that affect the entire wind system, so it is important to understand the variability they generate in the winds and the temporal evolution of these variations. The Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) mission provided dawn and dusk cross-track (zonal) neutral winds at an altitude of approximately 260 km. GOCE measurements from low and mid-latitudes were used to study the mean response of thermospheric neutral winds before, during and after a geomagnetic storm. A superposed epoch analysis was applied to normalized disturbance winds calculated from the GOCE zonal wind observations during 19 geomagnetic storms. The mean response of the zonal winds as a function of latitude and stormtime was calculated separately for the dawn and dusk sectors. The obtained mean stormtime response of the zonal winds at the different latitude regions and local time sectors will be compared and contrasted. |
Saturday, October 15, 2022 2:12PM - 2:24PM |
M04.00006: Thermospheric neutral winds obtained from data assimilation techniques Layne Pedersen, Ludger Scherliess Thermospheric neutral winds play an important role in the dynamics of the upper atmosphere. However, direct observations of these winds are limited both temporally and spatially. Radio occultation measurements that probe the ionized part of the atmosphere are abundant and provide critical parameters associated with ionospheric dynamics that embed information about the underlying thermosphere. Data assimilation combines information from observations with a physical model. Observed data are assimilated into the model as a constraint for the physical equations, which in turn allows for an estimation of unobserved driving forces, e.g., the thermospheric neutral wind. The Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements Full Physics model can assimilate global maps of ionospheric parameters obtained from radio occultation measurements to estimate magnetic meridional winds. The Thermospheric Wind Assimilation Model (TWAM) combines these magnetic meridional wind estimates with the equation of motion of the neutral gas using a Kalman filter to provide estimates of the thermospheric wind components. We will present the month-to-month progression of the TWAM thermospheric wind estimates for the year 2009. |
Saturday, October 15, 2022 2:24PM - 2:36PM |
M04.00007: Exploring the Role of a Mushy Compliant Region in Sombrero Uplift Above the Socorro Magma Body Grant A Block, Mousumi Roy The Socorro Magma Body (SMB), one of the largest mid-crustal magma bodies in the world, is a pancake-shaped region located ~19 km under Socorro, NM. Nearly 100 years of geodetic measurements of surface deformation reveal that the ground above the center of the SMB has been uplifting at a nearly constant rate of 2.5 mm/yr. These measurements show the SMB is also undergoing enigmatic “sombrero uplift” where the center of uplift is surrounded by a ring of subsidence. This style of surface deformation has only been observed at the SMB and the Altiplano-Puna Magma Body in Bolivia. Current models explaining this include a rising diapir feeding the magma body, and a deep deflation source and shallow inflation in the crust. We propose a new, more physically and geologically justifiable model in which the sombrero is caused by a thermally weakened, mushy, compliant region surrounding the body. We construct finite element models and produce sombrero uplift without the need for the more complicated mechanisms used previously. Additionally, the duration of sombrero uplift is strongly controlled by the pressurization rate of the system. These findings impact our understanding of lithospheric magma plumbing systems which informs our knowledge of volcanoes and their hazards. |
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