Bulletin of the American Physical Society
Four Corners Section 2022 Meeting
Volume 67, Number 14
Friday–Saturday, October 14–15, 2022; Albuquerque, New Mexico
Session B03: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics I |
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Chair: Elohim Becerra, UNM Room: UNM PAIS 1100 |
Friday, October 14, 2022 10:00AM - 10:24AM |
B03.00001: Kerr-microresonator optical frequency combs Invited Speaker: Tara Drake Optical frequency combs are specialized lasers that enable extremely precise measurement of frequency and time. In the time domain, combs are a series of pulses that arrive at exact and repeated intervals (like ticks of a clock), and in the frequency domain, they consist of many, evenly spaced optical frequencies (the “teeth” of the frequency comb). Since its inception two decades ago, the optical frequency comb has revolutionized multiple applications in precision science, from optical clock readout to frequency synthesis across the optical and microwave regimes to precision spectroscopy used in the search for exoplanets. Recently, a new optical frequency comb platform based on chip-integrated waveguide microresonators has opened the possibility of comb-enabled science to researchers without access to a specialized optics lab. In this talk, I will give an overview of optical frequency combs and their parallel development with improvements in timekeeping. I will present the physics of comb generation in waveguide microresonators, along with resonator fabrication and a few recent “microcomb” applications. Finally, I will discuss the challenge of thermal noise in microresonators and how one might remove this noise from the comb light to increase precision in frequency synthesis and measurement. |
Friday, October 14, 2022 10:24AM - 10:36AM |
B03.00002: Two-qubit Quantum Logic Gates for Neutral Atoms Based on the Spin-Flip Blockade Sri Datta Vikas V Buchemmavari The "spin-flip blockade" was first demonstrated in 2016 by Jau et al. [1]. Analogous to the "Rydberg blockade" for optical excitations, here the spin of one neutral alkali atom in its ground state can be induced to flip between hyperfine manifolds through absorption of a microwave photon, while the two-spins are blockaded from flipping simultaneously. The blockade is caused by the additional energy imparted by a light-shift resulting from Rydberg dressing in the presence of Van der Waals forces. This effect was used to demonstrate the generation of Bell states with fidelity >81% (>90% after SPAM correction). We describe here how to extend this to generate universal two-qubit quantum logic gates. We show that many protocols designed for the optical regime can be translated into the microwave regime and analyze their potential for high-fidelity operation. In comparison to the optical protocols, the ultra-precise control is more easily achieved in the microwave regime, which results in the potential for fast quantum logic gates with reduced noise and low decoherence. We also consider various dressing schemes with different advantages. Finally, we use robust control techniques to make our gates robust against perturbations in hard-to-control parameters. |
Friday, October 14, 2022 10:36AM - 10:48AM |
B03.00003: High-Resolution Coherent Diffractive Imaging of Adherent Cancer Cells Using a Dynamic Lens-based System Tyler J Daynes, Vern Hart Conventional imaging methods used to diagnose cancer are unable to identify the disease in its earliest stages, prior to the formation of tumors. As such, new modalities are being investigated for non-invasive early cancer detection at the cellular level. Among these, the use of coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) has been proposed as a potential diagnostic tool. However, this approach has often relied on the use of x-rays to achieve the resolution required at the cellular level. We present a CDI technique using a visible (635 nm) laser beam, in which a diffraction pattern is formed vertically, and a translation stage is used to raster a beam profiler through the resulting pattern. The amplitude and phase of the object can then be reconstructed from a single diffraction profile using the Gerchberg-Saxton and the hybrid input-output algorithms. Reconstructed results will be presented for multiple imaging samples, including PANC-1 cancer cells. The resolution offered by this technique could allow for automated cell differentiation without the use of x-rays or other ionizing radiation that can damage biological samples. |
Friday, October 14, 2022 10:48AM - 11:00AM |
B03.00004: Fast 5D imaging using remote focusing in the detection arm of light sheet microscopy Sayed Hassan Dibaji Foroushani, Sheng Liu, Md Nasful Huda Prince, David Schodt, Keith Lidke, Tonmoy Chakraborty Real-time functional imaging of live cells is fundamental to biomedical imaging. However, due to the agility of biological specimens, carrying out high-resolution volumetric imaging without agitating the sample has been a really difficult problem. Several attempts, employing vari-focus lenses, mechanical mirrors, and acousto-optics modulators have been proposed to do the refocusing of light required for such 3D imaging. Although, they all suffer from massive aberrations introduced by the focusing elements. Matching-objective-based remote-focusing has been promising for high NA imaging systems since they do not introduce significant spherical aberrations. However, owing to the incoherent and unpolarized nature of the emitted fluorescence signal, manipulating this light to be employed by remote focusing is very challenging. Therefore, remote-focusing has been primarily limited to the illumination arm, which uses polarized laser light. Here we show for the first time a novel methodology to perform aberration-free remote focusing without losing the expensive fluorescent signal to acquire fast 5D (3D space + time + wavelength) imaging, 70mm range in the z direction with the maximum frame rate of 5000 frames/s. Although, we show the usefulness of this approach using light sheet microscopy, because of the fundamental nature of the problem we envision that this technique will have a high impact on the broader microscopy community. |
Friday, October 14, 2022 11:00AM - 11:12AM |
B03.00005: Chirality control with dielectric metasurfaces Wesley K Mills, Prasad Iyer, Igal Brener Polarization is a property of light that is fundamental to light-matter interactions and gives rise to various phenomena that are useful in communication technology, biological sensing, and holography. Dielectric metasurfaces, which are 1- or 2-D structural arrays of subwavelength periodicity, are a low-loss method of controlling light amplitude, phase, and polarization. One drawback of metasurfaces is that they are not generally reconfigurable; each is designed to impart a certain change to the incident light, and if different output is required a new device must be designed and fabricated. Here, the authors demonstrate a chiral metasurface with record-high circular dichroism and discuss the plausibility of using optical pumping to achieve reconfigurability on a single metasurface. |
Friday, October 14, 2022 11:12AM - 11:24AM |
B03.00006: Online models for X-ray Beamlines Boaz Nash, Michael Keilman, Dan Abell, Paul Moeller, Ilya V Pogorelov, Yonghua Du, Abigail Giles, Joshua Lynch, Thomas W Morris, Maksim Rakitin, Andrew L Walter, Nicholas Goldring We present recent work on online models of x-ray optics for synchrotron light sources. An online model, or digital twin is a representation of the machine and corresponding physical process that may be updated based on diagnostic measurements. Working with the Tender Energy X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (TES) beamline at the NSLS-II light source facility, we are pushing the state of the art in this domain by (1) Creation of simplified fast models for partially coherent radiation, (2) Development of software to interface with these models, and (3) Development of algorithms to take measured intensity data along with information about beamline set-up and build an accurate online model. The intent is to use this work as a prototype to apply to other x-ray beamlines at NSLS-II and other facilities to allow for faster mirror alignment procedures and better understanding of the beamline. We present progress along with a future outlook for this work. |
Friday, October 14, 2022 11:24AM - 11:36AM |
B03.00007: Building a Platform for Spin Control based on a Cesium Atomic Ensemble with High Optical Depth Jacob Nelson, Elohim Becerra Atomic ensembles provide a versatile light-matter interface for the preparation of complex atomic quantum states. Light-matter interfaces can allow for the preparation of highly squeezed spin states and non-Gaussian states of many atoms based on measurement backaction for metrology and quantum information processing. We are developing a platform to prepare a large atomic ensemble of cold cesium atoms with high optical depth in free space, which will increase the light-matter interaction for efficient quantum state preparation based on measurement backaction. We investigate different methods for the optimization of the optical depth of the atomic ensemble including control of laser frequencies and powers, and compression of the atomic ensemble with time-varying magnetic fields in our magneto optical trap. We achieve an optical depth of 190 in our cesium ensemble in free space. |
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