Bulletin of the American Physical Society
Joint Meeting of the Four Corners and Texas Sections of the American Physical Society
Volume 61, Number 15
Friday–Saturday, October 21–22, 2016; Las Cruces, New Mexico
Session J5: Medical Physics |
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Chair: Ann Junghans, Los Alamos National Laboratory Room: Meeting Room 1 |
Saturday, October 22, 2016 1:00PM - 1:24PM |
J5.00001: Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance: Enhancing MRI Signals by \textgreater 10,000-fold for Non-Invasive Metabolic Assessment of Cancer Invited Speaker: Lloyd Lumata In vivo or in vitro nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and imaging (MRI) of nuclei other than proton is hampered by inherently low signal sensitivity. This insensitivity problem emanates from the minute differences in spin populations between the nuclear Zeeman energy levels. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) or hyperpolarization, an offshoot of a particle physics/nuclear scattering technology, has recently solved this insensitivity problem by amplifying the NMR signals of insensitive nuclei such as carbon-13 by 10,000-fold or higher. The trick is to transfer the high electron thermal polarization to the nuclear spins via microwave irradiation at low temperature (close to 1 K) and high magnetic field (\textgreater 1 T), then rapidly dissolve the frozen polarized samples into hyperpolarized liquids at physiologically tolerable temperature. In this talk, I will present the physics, instrumentation and engineering aspects, optimization methods, and biomedical applications of the DNP technology. This cutting-edge physics technology is currently revolutionizing cancer diagnostics by providing biochemical and metabolic information at the molecular level with superb sensitivity and excellent specificity. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 22, 2016 1:24PM - 1:36PM |
J5.00002: HemaDrop™: A Technology to Determine Accurate Blood Composition via Homogeneous Thin Solid Films from Microliter Drops of Blood Y.W. Pershad, N. Herbots, A.O. Martinez, S.M. Suhartono, R.J. Culbertson, H. Thinkaran, A.P. Krishnan, M.W. Mangus, Jr., B.J. Wilkens Accurate, near real-time analysis of blood can improve medical diagnostics and forensics. Critically and chronically ill patients, premature infants, and children can contract anemia due to the 7 milliliter blood volumes drawn currently. Nanoliter blood analysis lacks accuracy mandated by the FDA and physicians, with errors \textgreater 10{\%}, and lack of support by publications or patents. HemaDrop\texttrademark [1,2] rapidly congeals microliter blood droplets in smooth Homogenous Thin Solid Films (HTSF) without phase separation. HemaDrop\texttrademark uses hyper-hydrophilicity [1] to solidify fluids, enabling blood analysis in vacuo with Ion Beam Analysis (IBA). Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry, Particle- Induced X-Ray Emission, and damage curve methods [2] determine blood composition for C, N, O, Na, K, Ca, Cl, Fe and account for IBA damage. Accuracy and reproducibility of blood electrolyte composition is better than 5{\%}. Optical microscopy compares real-time blood solidification, phase separation, and surface roughness for HemaDrop\texttrademark HTSFs and conventional drying. 1. Int{\&}US Pat. Pend. 2016, 2. MRS Advances 2016 [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 22, 2016 1:36PM - 1:48PM |
J5.00003: HemaDropTM -- A New Technology To Perform Blood Analysis On Microliter\textunderscore Sized Droplets Of Blood By Creating Homogeneous Thin Solid Films (HTSF): Elemental Analysis Study As A Function Of Sampled Blood Volume H L Thinakaran, Y W Pershad, N Herbots, A O Martinez, S M Suhartono, A P Krishnan, R J Culbertson, S D Whaley, M W Mangus, B J Wilkens Currently, blood diagnostics requires 7~milliliters of blood, causing anemia in chronically ill or pediatric patients.~Decreasing that~volume by three orders of magnitude eliminates~that iatrogenic problem. HemaDrop\texttrademark [1]~congeals microliters-sized droplets of blood into Homogenous Thin Solid Films (HTSFs) as solid samples for analysis [2] via hyper-hydrophilic surfaces so droplets form a planar HTSF without phase segregation. ~HTSF's enables blood to be characterized by Ion Beam Analysis (IBA). The~damage curve method is used to account for ion beam damage.. After an initial study on canine blood [2], IBA is conducted on human blood. Blood diagnostics~need~reproducible, accurate results. To establish whether IBA ~meets this need on HemaDrop\texttrademark HTSF, IBA elemental concentration is measured as a function of HemaDrop\texttrademark droplets size. ~ [1] International {\&} US Patent~Herbots~\textit{et al}~(2016) [2] Pershad Y, Herbots N et al, MRS Advances (2016) [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 22, 2016 1:48PM - 2:00PM |
J5.00004: High Sensitivity Detection of Neurotransmitters Chao Qiu, Kevin Bennet, Kendall Lee, Jonathan Tomshine, Malcolm McIntosh, Seth Hara, John Ciubuc, Felicia Manciu Detection of trace amounts of neurotransmitters has become significant in diagnostic applications. A powerful analytical tool, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been used to detect numerous analytes. In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were utilized as SERS-active substrates for high sensitivity detection of dopamine, serotonin, and adenosine in concentrations as low as nano-molar. At high resolution, real-time Raman spectra were recorded in about 200 ms. At the molecular level, neurotransmitters can be present in the proximity of metallic nanoparticles in different orientations or even adsorbed on them; inhomogeneous Raman enhancement was thus observed, with SERS vibrational lines varying in their intensities depending on the dominant orientation. These variations might also be related to the intrinsic Raman cross section of the molecules and their concentration in the vicinity of Ag NPs. Thus, this SERS study also addresses adsorption dynamics, besides advancing knowledge of high sensitivity detection. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 22, 2016 2:00PM - 2:12PM |
J5.00005: Space Environment Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Seed Germination and Growth Alexander Souvall, Takuyuki Sakai, Takahiro Shimizu, Yuta Takahashi, Midori Morikawa, Shusuke Okita, Akihiro Nagata, Toshihiro Kameda, Shaunda Wenger, JR Dennison An initial limited set of tests of germination rate and seed growth in a controlled environment have identified statistically significant differences between control samples and seed flown in a Russian LEO research flight. Most significantly, average seed germination of space borne seeds was 2 days less than the 6 days for the control seeds. Modification of the seed coat leading to enhanced rate of water uptake, as a result of radiation from the space environment or abrasion due to launch vibrations, is hypothesized to cause early germination. High school students will conduct growth tests on seeds exposed to simulated space environments. The effects of ionizing radiation up to 1 kGy are being studied using a biological exposure test chamber designed by Tsukuba students used in the USU MPG Space Survivability Test (SST) chamber. The SST is a test facility designed to mimic space environments to test environmental-induced modifications to small satellites, or in this case, biological samples. Additional seeds will be exposed to a vibration profile on a shaker table designed to simulate the extreme conditions during flight. Understanding observed space environment effects are important in design of long duration missions, such as to Mars, where food growth is essential. [Preview Abstract] |
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