Bulletin of the American Physical Society
21st Biennial Conference of the APS Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter
Volume 64, Number 8
Sunday–Friday, June 16–21, 2019; Portland, Oregon
Session R1: DSIC: EOS, Sub-Detonation Response, Multi-shock: Experiments 1 |
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Chair: Steve Todd, SNL Room: Grand Ballroom I |
Thursday, June 20, 2019 9:15AM - 9:30AM |
R1.00001: Laser-driven shock-compressed Hugoniot of TATB up to 100 GPa A. Fernandez Panella, M. C. Marshall, T. Myers, S. Bastea, L. Fried, D. Erskine, T. Bunt, L. Lauderback, J. H. Eggert, L. D. Leininger The energetic material triamino-trinitrobenzene (TATB) has attracted much attention due to its remarkable properties of being a high performance explosive while being very insensitive to external stimuli, like high temperatures and impacts. The underlying reasons for the insensitivity of certain high explosives, like TATB, is not yet well understood. We present the Hugoniot of single-crystal shock-compressed TATB in a pressure range from 15 - 100 GPa. The experimental data, which was acquired at the Omega EP laser facility, has been compared to reacted and unreacted Hugoniot simulations using Cheetah, a LLNL thermochemical computer code. This data will help to better understand the kinetics and time-scale of the reaction zone in insensitive high explosives and improve equation of state models for TATB. Prepared by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 20, 2019 9:30AM - 9:45AM |
R1.00002: Shock Wave Response of an Insensitive High Explosive: Wave Profiles and Continuum Model for FOX-7 Single Crystals J. M. Winey, Y. Toyoda, Y. M. Gupta Despite a strong and growing interest in using insensitive high explosives (IHE), experiments to determine the shock wave response of IHE single crystals have not been reported. To address this need, plate impact experiments were conducted to measure wave profiles in FOX-7 (1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene) single crystals shocked to 21 GPa longitudinal stresses. Particle velocity histories at the FOX-7/LiF window interface, measured using laser interferometry, show a clear two-wave structure at modest stresses ($<$6 GPa). Wave profiles at higher stresses show an overdriven single wave. The measured profiles to 21 GPa show no sign of energy release due to chemical decomposition. Measured shock velocities and wave profiles provide accurate Hugoniot data to 21 GPa. Wave profiles calculated using a thermo-mechanical material model for shocked FOX-7 provide a good match to the measured profiles. The material model also enables reasonable estimates of temperatures in the shocked states. The FOX-7 results presented here will be compared with results obtained previously for more conventional HE crystals, such as PETN and RDX. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 20, 2019 9:45AM - 10:00AM |
R1.00003: Measurements of subdetonative shock interactions in PBX-9502 Phillip Miller, Larry Hull, Eric Mas Validation of predictive capabilities for safety of insensitive high explosives relies on experiments which test off-normal conditions and non-intentional initiation. One possible condition is the interaction of weakly supported shocks, whose individual amplitudes would not be predicted to run to full detonation for an isolated insult. A wedge test of PBX-9502 subjected to expanding and interacting cylindrical shock waves was conducted and diagnosed with flash x-ray, chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBG), photon doppler velocimetry (PDV), and fast framing camera images of a flasher plate. The shock waves collide in the center of the wedge, where the pressure gradient below the interaction region is controlled by release to the free surface between the tungsten barriers, or an inert plug placed into the air gap to delay release. Flash x-ray images through the wedge show the reaction of the incipient shock collision, while the CFBG, PDV, and flasher plate along the wedge face measure the thickness dependent propagation and acceleration from shock reflection. The experiments demonstrate the influence of the pressure gradient behind the shock interaction region, which may transition to detonation, or which may remain subdetonative due to the release rate controlled by the inert plug. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 20, 2019 10:00AM - 10:15AM |
R1.00004: Plate-Impact Experiments on the HMX-based Explosive PBX 9404 Forrest Svingala, Richard Gustavsen, Justin Jones, Andrew Houlton This report examines a series of 5 plate-impact experiments on the HMX-based explosive PBX 9404 (94\%wt HMX, 3\%wt CEF, 2.9\%wt NC, 0.1\%wt DPA), Lot 10102Y. These experiments were performed using the single- and 2-stage gas guns at Los Alamos National Laboratory, and cover a pressure range of 2.98--6.66 GPa. Through the use of an embedded magnetic particle velocity gauge technique, \textit{in situ} particle velocity histories and shock wave times of arrival (ToA) are obtained at 11 gauge locations and 116 'shock tracker' points, respectively. Analysis yielded measurements of the reactant Hugoniot in the shock velocity-particle velocity plane, and run distances to detonation as a function of initial pressure. The shock Hugoniot was found to differ from a legacy Hugoniot published in the LASL Explosive Reference Guide, while the run to detonation data agree within error, but with a systematic shift. Re-analysis of the legacy run to detonation data using the Hugoniot measured in this work is shown to correct this shift. Hugoniot and Pop pot fits for this lot of PBX 9404 are reported, and detailed particle velocity and ToA data are available for use by the modeling community in the LANL Small Scale Database. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 20, 2019 10:15AM - 10:30AM |
R1.00005: Investigation of Corner Turning Behaviour in a 95{\%} TATB Based Explosive. Ben Sutton, Nicholas Whitworth, Dan Thomas The breakout distance of a TATB based explosive has been measured for two acceptor charge diameters. The explosive comprises 95{\%} TATB and 5{\%} KelF-800. In each experiment, a 12.7 mm diameter donor charge was used to initiate a larger diameter acceptor charge of the same material. Acceptor charge diameters of 40 mm and 50 mm were selected, to chart the progress of the detonation wave at different distances from the central axis of the charge. For both acceptor charges, the breakout distance was recorded using a combination of Heterodyne Velocimetry (HetV) and piezoelectric pins; these diagnostics were used to allow the difference between a shock wave and a detonation wave to be discerned. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 20, 2019 10:30AM - 10:45AM |
R1.00006: Overdriven-detonation states produced by spherically diverging waves Matthew Biss, Mark Lieber, Michael Martinez A series of experiments are currently underway at the Detonation Science and Technology group, within the Los Alamos National Laboratory, to study the overdriven-detonation states achievable in energetic materials as a result of detonation-wave interactions. A multi-component, energetic-material array was designed to study the amplification of velocity and pressure states produced by spherically diverging detonation waves in pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) acceptor charges. The unique geometry provides a low-jitter, highly controlled series of interactions between three independent-detonation inputs. Streak-camera imaging was performed on the output face of PETN-acceptor charges ranging in thickness from 2.5 -- 10 mm to characterize the resulting breakout profile. Additionally, photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) measurements were collected at the acceptor-charge surface to determine simultaneity within the system. Detonation-wave velocities upwards of 14 mm/\textmu s were measured, as compared to a steady-state detonation velocity of 7.9 mm/\textmu s for the PETN pressing density investigated. Additional experiments are being conducted to measure the pressure amplification generated at key areas of interaction. [Preview Abstract] |
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