Bulletin of the American Physical Society
20th Biennial Conference of the APS Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter
Volume 62, Number 9
Sunday–Friday, July 9–14, 2017; St. Louis, Missouri
Session V3: Detonation and Shock Induced Chemistry: Initiation and Growth |
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Chair: Kit Neele, Air Force Research Laboratories Room: Grand Ballroom FG |
Thursday, July 13, 2017 3:45PM - 4:00PM |
V3.00001: Optimization of Equation of State and Burn Model Parameters for Explosives Magnus Bergh, Rasmus Wedberg, Jonas Lundgren A reactive burn model implemented in a multi-dimensional hydrocode can be a powerful tool for predicting non-ideal effects as well as initiation phenomena in explosives. Calibration against experiment is, however, critical and non-trivial. Here, a procedure is presented for calibrating the Ignition and Growth Model utilizing hydrocode simulation in conjunction with the optimization program LS-OPT. The model is applied to the explosive PBXN-109. First, a cylinder expansion test is presented together with a new automatic routine for product equation of state calibration. Secondly, rate stick tests and instrumented gap tests are presented. Data from these experiments are used to calibrate burn model parameters. Finally, we discuss the applicability and development of this optimization routine. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, July 13, 2017 4:00PM - 4:15PM |
V3.00002: Ignition and Growth Modeling of Detonating LX-04 (85{\%} HMX / 15{\%} VITON) Using New and Previously Obtained Experimental Data Craig Tarver An Ignition and Growth reactive flow model for detonating LX-04 (85{\%} HMX / 15{\%} Viton) was developed using new and previously obtained experimental data on: cylinder test expansion; wave curvature; failure diameter; and laser interferometric copper and tantalum foil free surface velocities and LiF interface particle velocity histories. A reaction product JWL EOS generated by the CHEETAH code compared favorably with the existing, well normalized LX-04 product JWL when both were used with the Ignition and Growth model. Good agreement with all existing experimental data was obtained. This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. \textbf{Keywords:} LX-04, HMX, detonation, Ignition and Growth \textbf{PACS: }82.33.Vx, 82.40.Fp [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, July 13, 2017 4:15PM - 4:30PM |
V3.00003: Shock Initiation Experiments with Ignition and Growth Modeling on the HMX-Based Explosive LX-14 Kevin S. Vandersall, Martin R. DeHaven, Shawn L. Strickland, Craig M. Tarver, H. Keo Springer, Matt R. Cowan Shock initiation experiments on the HMX-based explosive LX-14 were performed to obtain in-situ pressure gauge data, characterize the run-distance-to-detonation behavior, and provide a basis for Ignition and Growth reactive flow modeling. A 101 mm diameter gas gun was utilized to initiate the explosive charges with manganin piezoresistive pressure gauge packages placed between sample disks pressed to different densities (\textasciitilde 1.57 or \textasciitilde 1.83 g/cm3 that corresponds to \textasciitilde 85 or \textasciitilde 99{\%} of theoretical maximum density (TMD), respectively). The shock sensitivity was found to increase with decreasing density as expected. Ignition and Growth model parameters were derived that yielded reasonable agreement with the experimental data at both initial densities. The shock sensitivity at the tested densities will be compared to prior work published on other HMX-based formulations. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, July 13, 2017 4:30PM - 4:45PM |
V3.00004: Numerical study of detonation transfer from embedded explosives Alberto Hernandez, Donald Scott Stewart This study consists in varying the radius of a PETN stick which is embedded in a cylindrical puck of PBX-9502 and determine how effective the detonation transfers to a larger puck of PBX-9502 surrounded by air. The Wide Ranging equation of state and two Ignition and Growth models are used to describe the reactive mechanism for each explosive. The reactive flow solver framework uses level sets to track the interface boundaries between the different material and the Ghost fluid method with a density extension to enforce boundary conditions across these interfaces. We use a semi-discrete approach to solve the governing equations, where the spatial operator is discretized with Lax-Friedrich flux splitting and a fifth order WENO scheme, while a third order TVD Runge-kutta scheme is used to advance in time [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, July 13, 2017 4:45PM - 5:00PM |
V3.00005: On a calibration of a reaction rate model for explosive by a DSD-informed method Sunhee Yoo, Chad Rumchik, Scott Stewart The theory of detonation shock dynamics (DSD) applies to a model of an explosive with a specified reactant equation of state (EOS), products EOS, and a reaction rate law for reaction progress variable for the change from reactants to products. Given the assumed forms for the EOS, closure for the components and reaction rate law, a ``DSD-informed" calibration uses experimental shock Hugnoiot data, plane shock initiation data, and shock curvature data and or diameter effect data. It has been found that DSD-informed reactive flow models are predictive of experimentally observed shock dynamics over a wide-range of conditions, once determined [1,2]. This paper discusses how to calibrate the EOS and reaction rate of Ignition {\&} Growth (I{\&}G) coupled with the reactive flow model. Previous methods of calibration generated a detonation shock speed, curvature relation (D-kappa) from theory and compared with an experimentally determined D-kappa relation. Our new procedure generates a shock shape across a rate stick from theory and compares it with shock shapes obtained from experiments. The procedure is carried out based on the sensitivity of completion term in the I{\&}G model to D-kappa relation and of the reactant equation of state to the local shock shape at wall in a cylindrical explosive. References: 1. David E. Lambert, D. Scott Stewart, Sunhee Yoo and Bradley L. Wescott, J. Fluid Mech., 546, 227-253, (2006). 2. B. L. Wescott, D. Scott Stewart and W. C. Davis, J. Appl. Phys. 98, 053514 (2005). [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, July 13, 2017 5:00PM - 5:15PM |
V3.00006: Three-dimensional Mesoscale Simulations of Detonation Initiation in Energetic Materials with Density-based Kinetics Thomas Jackson, A.M. Jost, Ju Zhang, P. Sridharan, G. Amadio In this work we present three-dimensional mesoscale simulations of detonation initiation in energetic materials. We solve the reactive Euler equations, with the energy equation augmented by a power deposition term. The reaction rate at the mesoscale is modelled using a density-based kinetics scheme, adapted from standard Ignition and Growth models. The deposition term is based on previous results of simulations of pore collapse at the microscale, modelled at the mesoscale as hot-spots. We carry out three-dimensional mesoscale simulations of random packs of HMX crystals in a binder, and show that the transition between no-detonation and detonation depends on the number density of the hot-spots, the initial radius of the hot-spot, the post-shock pressure of an imposed shock, and the amplitude of the power deposition term. The trends of transition at lower pressure of the imposed shock for larger number density of pore observed in experiments is reproduced. Initial attempts to improve the agreement between the simulation and experiments through calibration of various parameters will also be made. [Preview Abstract] |
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