Bulletin of the American Physical Society
19th Biennial Conference of the APS Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter
Volume 60, Number 8
Sunday–Friday, June 14–19, 2015; Tampa, Florida
Session U3: Geophysics and Planetary Science III: Planetary and Prebiotic Materials |
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Chair: Rick Kraus, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Stephane Mazevet, Observatoire de Paris Room: Grand G |
Thursday, June 18, 2015 2:15PM - 2:30PM |
U3.00001: Development of Impact Model for Water Ice Philip Church, Peter Gould, Ian Lewtas, Andy Jardine, Chris Braithwaite, Katie Jarman This work, which is supported by the European Space Agency (ESA) is in support of Penetrator technology development for a potential mission to Europa or other icy bodies. An ice model has been constructed to predict the shock and impact behaviour of water ice. The equation of state is based on the theoretical Porter-Gould approach and is capable of predicting the shock response of ice. The constitutive model is based on a Johnson-Holmquist model and is constructed from a combination of low and high rate compression tests and a simple spall model is included. The model has been incorporated into the GRIM and DYNA hydrocodes and has been validated for impacts of ball-bearings into very well controlled ice blocks. The results are discussed and future studies are suggested. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 18, 2015 2:30PM - 2:45PM |
U3.00002: Prebiotic hydrocarbon synthesis in impacting reduced astrophysical icy mixtures Nir Goldman, Lucas Koziol We present results of prebiotic organic synthesis in shock compressed reducing mixtures of simple ices from quantum molecular dynamics simulations extended to close to chemical equilibrium time-scales. Given the relative abundance of carbon in reduced forms in astrophysical ices as well as the tendency of these mixtures to form complex hydrocarbons under the presence of external stimuli, it is possible that cometary impact on a planetary surface could have yielded a larger array of prebiotic organic compounds than previously investigated. We find that the high pressures and temperatures due to shock compression yield a large assortment of carbon and nitrogen bonded extended structures that are highly reactive with short molecular lifetimes. Expansion and cooling causes these materials to break apart and form a wide variety of stable, potentially life-building compounds, including long-chain linear and branched hydrocarbons, large heterocyclic compounds, and a variety of different amines and exotic amino acids. Our results help provide a bottom-up understanding for hydrocarbon impact synthesis on early Earth and its role in producing life building molecules from simple starting materials. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 18, 2015 2:45PM - 3:15PM |
U3.00003: High-energy density experiments on planetary materials using high-power lasers and X-ray free electron laser Invited Speaker: Norimasa Ozaki Laser-driven dynamic compression allows us to investigate the behavior of planetary and exoplanetary materials at extreme conditions. Our high-energy density (HED) experiments for applications to planetary sciences began over five years ago. We measured the equation-of-state of cryogenic liquid hydrogen under laser-shock compression up to 55 GPa. Since then, various materials constituting the icy giant planets and the Earth-like planets have been studied using laser-driven dynamic compression techniques. Pressure-volume-temperature EOS data and optical property data of water and molecular mixtures were obtained at the planetary/exoplanetary interior conditions. Silicates and oxides data show interesting behaviors in the warm-dense matter regime due to their phase transformations. Most recently the structural changes of iron were observed for understanding the kinetics under the bcc-hcp transformation phenomena on a new HED science platform coupling power-lasers and the X-ray free electron laser (SACLA). This work was performed under the joint research project at the Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University. It was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Grant Nos. 20654042, 22224012, 23540556, and 24103507) and also by grants from the Core-to-Core Program of JSPS on International Alliance for Material Science in Extreme States with High Power Laser and XFEL, and the X-ray Free Electron Laser Priority Strategy Program of MEXT. [Preview Abstract] |
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