Bulletin of the American Physical Society
19th Biennial Conference of the APS Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter
Volume 60, Number 8
Sunday–Friday, June 14–19, 2015; Tampa, Florida
Session S6: Inelastic Deformations, Fracture and Spall VIII: Brittle Glasses |
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Chair: Dennis Grady, Applied Research Associates, Sidney Chocron, Southwest Research Institute Room: 8/9/10 |
Thursday, June 18, 2015 9:15AM - 9:30AM |
S6.00001: Experimental and Computed Results Investigating Time-Dependent Failure in a Borosilicate Glass Sidney Chocron, Darrel Barnette, Timothy Holmquist, Charles Anderson, Rory Bigger, Thomas Moore This article presents new work investigating time-dependent failure of a borosilicate glass. Plate-impact spall experiments were used to generate tensile stresses of various magnitudes and time durations to determine if internal tensile failure (spall) is time dependent. Plate-impact experiments were designed using borosilicate impactors of various thicknesses. The magnitude of the tensile stress is controlled by impact velocity and the tensile stress duration is controlled by the thickness of the impactor. A PDV (Photon Doppler Velocimeter) was used to monitor the back surface velocity of the target, allowing the determination of spall. High-speed photography was also used to provide visual inspection of the spall plane during failure. Time durations of 0.5 -- 2.0 $\mu $s were investigated. Computations are also presented that provide insight into the experiments and support the interpretation of the results. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 18, 2015 9:30AM - 9:45AM |
S6.00002: Effect of chemical composition on the shock response of Zr-based metallic glasses A.D. Brown, F. Wang, K.J. Laws, D. Eakins, D.J. Chapman, P.J. Hazell, M. Ferry, J.P. Escobedo Plate impact experiments were conducted on Zr-based bulk metallic glasses (BMG) with nominal compositions of Zr$_{55}$Cu$_{30}$Ni$_{5}$Al$_{30}$ and Zr$_{46}$Cu$_{38}$Ag$_{8}$Al$_{38}$. Velocity interferometry was used to measure the free surface velocity (FSV) histories. These measurements allowed calculation of the Hugoniot elastic limits and onset stresses of fracture (i.e. spall strength) for each alloy. The soft recovered specimens were fully characterized by means of optical and electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The characterization results aided to assess the effect of chemical composition on the microstructural evolution, i.e. phase changes or crystallization, within the BMGs during shock loading. These changes were then correlated to the differences in strength and ductility on the nominally brittle amorphous BMGs. The most significant results from this study will be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 18, 2015 9:45AM - 10:00AM |
S6.00003: Phenomenological Mechanochemical of Damage and Radial Cracking in Brittle Substances Michael Grinfeld Basic principles of Phenomenological Mechanochemistry of Damage (PMD) have been formulated in Grinfeld and Wright (2002, 2004.) To some extent, it is a natural extension of the traditional damage theory, presented by Kachanov (1976.) Contrary to Kachanov's approach, the PMD theory includes, in addition to the bulk elastic energy, the energy associated with braking/recovery of chemical bonds. Therefore, in addition to the elasticity equations it includes the equation, describing evolution/dynamics of chemical bonds. Although ``chemical bonds'' is a nano-scale concept, we treat the bonds using phenomenological approach. The additional equation of damage evolution is of the rate type, thus, making the whole model rate-dependent (even in quasi-static approach.) In the paper, we review some earlier results and present the novel ones with emphasis on the rate-dependent effects.\\[4pt] [1] Grinfeld, MA., Wright, TW. Thermodynamics of solids: recent progress with applications to brittle fracture and nanotechnology Paper presented at 23rd U.S. Army Science Conference; 2002; Orlando (FL).\\[0pt] [2] Grinfeld, MA, Wright, TW. Morphology of fractured domains in brittle fracture. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2004;35A:26512661.\\[0pt] [3] Kachanov, LM. Introduction to continuum damage mechanics. Dordrecht: (Netherlands): Martinus Nijhoff Publishers;1986 [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 18, 2015 10:00AM - 10:15AM |
S6.00004: On the high-rate failure of designed architectures of CFC materials Clara Frias, S.A. Macdonald, D. Townsend, N.K. Bourne, C. Soutis, P.J. Withers The Taylor test is an important means to determine the response of materials to dynamic loading. In this work it is used to determine the integrated response of c-fibre materials to dynamic loading. The hierarchy of damage across the scales is key in determining the suite of operating mechanisms and such information cannot be correlated using traditional sectioning and observation using optical or electron beam microscopy. Experiments record a series of engineered composite plies with high-speed photography. Our study images at the micron length scale with in-line phase contrast but also fast and high spatial resolution methods. Quantitative volume and void morphology developed at various axial distances from the impact face indicate planes of deformation that track back to initiation. This hierarchy of damage across the scales will be key in determining the suite of operating mechanisms; such information cannot be correlated using traditional sectioning and observation using optical or electron beam microscopy. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 18, 2015 10:15AM - 10:30AM |
S6.00005: Soda-lime glass behavior under laser shock Didier Loison, Jean Pierre Guin, Jean Christophe Sangleboeuf, Mariette Nivard, Emilien Lescoute, Arnaud Sollier, Laurent Berthe, Michel Boustie Understanding and modeling the glass behavior is an issue for certain aeronautical, military and civil applications. For example, parts of satellites and shuttles are made of glass. During their lifetime, they are subjected to high velocity impacts, which in the end may damage them. To determine the behavior of these structures during and after impact we used instrumented laser driven shock loading performed on high power intensity Laser facilities: Transverse shadowgraphs of the front wave propagating inside the transparent material were taken at different times. They provide information regarding the position of the shock wave front and of the first damage. PDV or VISAR measurements provide time-resolved free surface velocity to determine mater velocity when shock wave breakout and spall strength for the most powerful laser shots. Under High pressure conditions glass permanently densify, traces of such a plastic deformation are looked for on the path of the shock wave. Those experimental data are necessary to characterize the material behavior under such conditions and to model the mechanical behavior of glass structures. In this presentation we will present experimental results obtained for soda-lime silica glass samples loaded by laser induced shock. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 18, 2015 10:30AM - 10:45AM |
S6.00006: Spall fracture and strength of uranium, plutonium and their alloys under shock wave loading Vladimir Golubev Numerous results on studying the spall fracture phenomenon of uranium, two its alloys with molybdenum and zirconium, plutonium and its alloy with gallium under shock wave loading are presented in the paper. The majority of tests were conducted with the samples in the form of disks 4mm in thickness. They were loaded by the impact of aluminum plates 4mm thick through a copper screen serving as the cover or bottom part of a special container. The initial temperature of samples was changed in the range of $-$196 -- 800 C degree for uranium and 40 -- 315 C degree for plutonium. The character of spall failure of materials and the degree of damage for all tested samples were observed on the longitudinal metallographic sections of recovered samples. For a concrete test temperature, the impact velocity was sequentially changed and therefore the loading conditions corresponding to the consecutive transition from microdamage nucleation up to complete macroscopic spall fracture were determined. Numerical calculations of the conditions of shock wave loading and spall fracture of samples were performed in the elastoplastic approach. Several two- and three-dimensional effects of loading were taken into account. Some results obtained under conditions of intensive impulse irradiation and intensive explosive loading are presented too. The rather complete analysis and comparison of obtained results with the data of other researchers on the spall fracture of examined materials were conducted. [Preview Abstract] |
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