Bulletin of the American Physical Society
19th Biennial Conference of the APS Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter
Volume 60, Number 8
Sunday–Friday, June 14–19, 2015; Tampa, Florida
Session S3: Grain Scale to Continuum Modeling IV: Granular Materials |
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Chair: Zhen Chen, University of Missouri, Sunil Dwivedi, Georgia Insititute of Technology Room: Grand G |
Thursday, June 18, 2015 9:15AM - 9:45AM |
S3.00001: Shock Wave Propagation in Cementitious Materials at Micro/Meso Scales Invited Speaker: Arunachalam Rajendran The mechanical and constitutive response of materials like cement, and bio materials like fish scale and abalone shell is very complex due to heterogeneities that are inherently present in the nano and microstructures. The intrinsic constitutive behaviors are driven by the chemical composition and the molecular, micro, and meso structures. Therefore, it becomes important to identify the material genome as the building block for the material. For instance, in cementitious materials, the genome of C-S-H phase (the glue or the paste) that holds the various clinkers, such as the dicalcium silicate, tricalcium silicate, calcium ferroaluminates, and others is extremely complex. Often mechanical behaviors of C-S-H type materials are influenced by the chemistry and the structures at all nano to micro length scales. By explicitly modeling the molecular structures using appropriate potentials, it is then possible to compute the elastic tensor from molecular dynamics simulations using all atom method. The elastic tensors for the C-S-H gel and other clinkers are determined using the software suite ``Accelrys Materials Studio.'' A strain rate dependent, fracture mechanics based tensile damage model has been incorporated into ABAQUS finite element code to model spall evolution in the heterogeneous cementitious material with all constituents explicitly modeled through one micron element resolution. This paper presents results from nano/micro/meso scale analyses of shock wave propagation in a heterogeneous cementitious material using both molecular dynamic and finite element codes. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 18, 2015 9:45AM - 10:00AM |
S3.00002: Effect of Viscoplasticity on Ignition Sensitivity of an HMX-Based PBX D. Barrett Hardin, Min Zhou The effect of viscoplastic deformation of the energetic component (HMX) on the mechanical, thermal, and ignition responses of a two-phase (HMX and Estane) PBX is analyzed. PBX microstructures are subjected to impact loading from a constant velocity piston traveling at a rate of 50 to 200 m/s. The analysis uses a 2D cohesive finite element framework. The focus of is to evaluate the relative ignition sensitivity of the materials to determine the effect of the viscoplasticity of HMX on the responses. To delineate this effect, two sets of calculations are carried out, one set assumes the HMX grains are fully hyperelastic and the other set assumes the HMX grains are elastic-viscoplastic. Results show that PBX specimens with elastic-viscoplastic HMX grains experience lower average and peak temperature rises, and as a result, show lower numbers of hotspots. An ignition criterion based on a criticality threshold obtained from chemical kinetics is used to quantify the ignition behavior of the materials. The criterion focuses on hotspot size and temperature to determine if a hotspot will undergo thermal runaway. It is found that the viscoplasticity of HMX increases the minimum load duration, mean load duration, threshold loading velocity, and total input energy required for ignition. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 18, 2015 10:00AM - 10:15AM |
S3.00003: Meso-Scale Heterogeneity Effects on the Bulk Shock Response of Ti+Al+B Reactive Powder Mixtures Manny Gonzales, Ashok Gurumurthy, Gregory Kennedy, Arun Gokhale, Naresh Thadhani Highly heterogeneous reactive powder mixtures including Ti+2B (Stoichiometric 1:2) and an Al-containing mixture (Ti+2B+50\%Al by vol.) are studied to ascertain the shock compression response and potential reaction behavior. The transit time through the pressed powder mixture compacts is monitored using poly-vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) stress gauges and used to compute a wave speed through the compact. The stress states at the back of the powder (measuring the state of the compacted and potentially transformed powder) are compared with thermodynamic mixture theories as well as meso scale microstructure-based simulations to identify the onset of anomalous behavior which can be traced to highly exothermic reaction in this system. Shock compression experiments show highly dispersive wave fronts when measured from the back surface of the powder compact, which are compared with meso scale simulations considering varying starting mixture states. These simulations also provide microstructure evolution parameters during shock compression which are stereologically evaluated to establish the state of the material present under the experimental conditions. An analysis of the effects of starting mixture conditions on the stress at the back surface is also presented. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 18, 2015 10:15AM - 10:30AM |
S3.00004: Grain to continuum considering mesoscale: computational framework for projectile penetration through granular material Anne Turner, Dayakar Penumadu, Eric Herbold High-speed projectile penetration through granular materials is governed by the particle or grain level (meso-scale) physics including inter-granular contact forces, particle reorientation, deformation and fragmentation. In this work, we investigate a method for numerically capturing the initial meso-structure of the assembly and morphology of individual particles using high resolution computed X-ray and neutron tomography. Using the finite element code, GEODYN-L, Ottawa sand specimen assembly directly measured from high resolution computed radiation based tomography non-invasively are numerically simulated to represent the initial state of compaction and subsequently subjected to one-dimensional compression. The effects of selected finite element formulations and grain discretization approaches are investigated to maximize the ability to capture high stress concentrations at contact points between grains, where fracture is likely to initiate, yet maintaining computational efficiency. The effect of coordination number on the contact forces and resulting stress distribution within a grain is also examined. This ``grain to continuum considering meso-scale'' computational framework is being developed to for realistic representation of deformation and damage mechanics associated with projectile penetration through granular materials. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 18, 2015 10:30AM - 10:45AM |
S3.00005: Influence of Grain Size Distribution on the Mechanical Behavior of Light Alloys in Wide Range of Strain Rates Vladimir A. Skripnyak, Natalia V. Skripnyak, Evgeniya G. Skripnyak, Vladimir V. Skripnyak Inelastic deformation and damage at the mesoscale level of ultrafine grained (UFG) Al 1560 aluminum and Ma2-1 magnesium alloys with distribution of grain size were investigated in wide loading conditions by experimental and computer simulation methods. The computational multiscale models of representative volume element (RVE) with the unimodal and bimodal grain size distributions were developed using the data of structure researches aluminum and magnesium UFG alloys. The critical fracture stress of UFG alloys on mesoscale level depends on relative volumes of coarse grains. Microcracks nucleation at quasi-static and dynamic loading is associated with strain localization in UFG partial volumes with bimodal grain size distribution. Microcracks arise in the vicinity of coarse and ultrafine grains boundaries. It is revealed that the occurrence of bimodal grain size distributions causes the increasing of UFG alloys ductility, but decreasing of the tensile strength. The increasing of fine precipitations concentration not only causes the hardening but increasing of ductility of UFG alloys with bimodal grain size distribution. [Preview Abstract] |
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