Bulletin of the American Physical Society
19th Biennial Conference of the APS Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter
Volume 60, Number 8
Sunday–Friday, June 14–19, 2015; Tampa, Florida
Session K1: Detonation and Shock-induced Chemistry III: Detonation Products |
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Chair: Suresh Menon, Georgia Institute of Technology, Jeffrey Kay, Sandia National Laboratories Room: Grand E |
Tuesday, June 16, 2015 2:15PM - 2:30PM |
K1.00001: Analytic Determination of Product Isentrope for an Ammonium Nitrate-Aluminum Explosive Eric Anderson, Mark Short, Scott Jackson Ammonium nitrate mixed with aluminum powder forms a non-ideal explosive often referred to as Ammonal. Non-ideal detonation can result in significant energy release behind the detonation sonic surface that does not contribute to the detonation velocity, but may affect the expansion energy of the product gases. In this work, we use scaled cylinder expansion tests to characterize both the diameter effect and product energy variation with scale for Ammonal. The results of two scaled cylinder tests with 50.8-mm and 72.6-mm inner diameters are compared to prior data at other scales. We find that cylinder wall velocity increases with increasing charge diameter and also with increasing charge length. We also use the analytic method of Jackson [Proc. Combust. Inst., Vol. 35, 2015, pg.1997-2004] to compute the isentropes of the partially-reacted product states in all tests to demonstrate the charge-size dependence of Ammonal and quantify the potential energy of the product state for each condition. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, June 16, 2015 2:30PM - 2:45PM |
K1.00002: Characterization of Detonation Soot Produced During Steady and Overdriven Conditions for Three High Explosive Formulations David Podlesak, Ronald Amato, Dana Dattelbaum, Millicent Firestone, Richard Gustavsen, Rachel Huber, Bryan Ringstrand The detonation of high explosives (HE) produces a dense fluid of molecular gases and solid carbon. The solid detonation carbon contains various carbon allotropes such as detonation nanodiamonds, ``onion-like'' carbon, graphite and amorphous carbon, with the formation of the different forms dependent upon pressure, temperature and the environmental conditions of the detonation. We have collected solid carbon residues from controlled detonations of three HE formulations (Composition B-3, PBX 9501, and PBX 9502). Soot was collected from experiments designed to produce both steady and overdriven conditions, and from detonations in both an ambient (air) atmosphere and in an inert Ar atmosphere. Structural studies to glean the features of the solid carbon products have been performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and X-Ray Pair Distribution Function measurements (PDF). Bulk soot was also analyzed for elemental and isotopic compositions. We will discuss differences in the structure and composition of the detonation carbon as a function of formulation, detonation conditions, and the surrounding atmosphere. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, June 16, 2015 2:45PM - 3:00PM |
K1.00003: The Measured Temperature and Pressure of EDC37 detonation products James Ferguson, James Richley, Tom Ota, Ben Sutton, Ed Price We present the experimentally determined temperature and pressure of the detonation products of EDC37; a HMX based conventional high explosive. These measurements were performed on a series of cylinder tests. The temperature measurements were performed at the end of the cylinder with optical fibres observing the bare explosive through a LiF window. The temperature of the products was measured for 2 microseconds using single colour pyrometry, multicolour pyrometry and spectroscopy with the results from all three methods being consistent. The peak temperature was found to be $\approx $ 3600 K dropping to $\approx $ 2400 K at the end of the measurement window. The spectroscopy was time integrated and showed that the emission spectra can be approximated using a grey body curve with no other emission or absorption lines being present. The pressure was obtained using an analytical method which used the velocity of the expanding cylinder wall, measured using heterodyne velocimetry (HetV), and the velocity of detonation, measured with chirped fibre Bragg gratings. The pressure drops from an initial CJ value of $\approx $ 38 GPa to $\approx $ 4 GPa at the end of the 2 microsecond temperature measurement window. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, June 16, 2015 3:00PM - 3:15PM |
K1.00004: ABSTRACT WITHDRAWN |
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