Bulletin of the American Physical Society
17th Biennial International Conference of the APS Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter
Volume 56, Number 6
Sunday–Friday, June 26–July 1 2011; Chicago, Illinois
Session P2: Energetic Materials V |
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Chair: Matei Radulescu, University of Ottowa Room: Grand Ballroom IV-V |
Wednesday, June 29, 2011 2:00PM - 2:15PM |
P2.00001: Detonation Theory for Condensed Phase Explosives with Anisotropic Properties D. Scott Stewart, Matthew Szuck, Laurence E. Fried Energetic materials that are crystals in their unreacted state have anisotropic material properties due to their underlying molecular structure. For example crystalline explosives like PETN and azides have exhibit different threshold initiating shock pressure depending on which crystal face is shocked. We discuss our recent efforts to build theory of sustained detonation that has both strong directional dependence and effects. We use a continuum phase field theory that is capable of describing the transition from anisotropic unreacted solid to reacted condensed products. The material behavior is allowed to include anisotropic elasticity and heat conduction and directionally preferential diffusion and reaction. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, June 29, 2011 2:15PM - 2:30PM |
P2.00002: Detonation Failure Characterization of Non-Ideal Explosives Robert Janesheski, Steven Son, Lori Groven Non-ideal explosives are currently poorly characterized, which limits the modeling of them. Current characterization requires large-scale testing to obtain detonation wave characterization for analysis due to the relatively thick reaction zones. Use of a microwave interferometer applied to small-scale confined experiments is being implemented to allow for time resolved characterization of a failing detonation. The microwave interferometer measures the failing detonation wave in a tube, and this experiment only requires small amounts of non-ideal explosives. A non-ideal explosive is initiated with a booster charge and a measurement of the failure distance and a continuous position-time trace of the detonation front location can be obtained. Initial tests have been performed that show this method is feasible using an ammonium perchlorate (AP) composite propellant as a model non-ideal explosive. Future work will apply this approach to non-ideal explosives. Successful results of this method would allow for the calibration of detonation models for many different non-ideal explosives. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, June 29, 2011 2:30PM - 2:45PM |
P2.00003: The relation between reaction rate and shock strength Brian Lambourn Analysis of particle gauge data for plastic bonded explosives undergoing the shock to detonation transition shows that the time from shock to peak particle velocity correlates with shock strength, and that at the same shock strength in different experiments, the velocity histories scale. After analysis of the field and scaling equations, and using shock evolution theory, it is concluded that (1) at least to first order, the reaction rate is solely dependenton shock strength and the time along a particle path since the shock passed; (2) that this conclusion is mainly driven by the scaling phenomena; and (3) that it is very unlikely that the reaction rate can simultaneously depend on pressure and satisfy the scaling phenomena. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, June 29, 2011 2:45PM - 3:00PM |
P2.00004: ANFO Response to Low-Stress Planar Impacts Marcia Cooper, Wayne Trott, Robert Schmitt, Mark Short, Scott Jackson Ammonium Nitrate plus Fuel Oil (ANFO) is a non-ideal explosive where the mixing behavior of the mm-diameter prills with the absorbed fuel oil is of critical importance for chemical energy release. The large-scale heterogeneity of ANFO establishes conditions uniquely suitable for observation using the spatially- and temporally-resolved line-imaging ORVIS (optically recording velocity interferometer system) diagnostic. The first demonstration of transmitted wave profiles in ANFO from low-stress planar impacts using a single-stage gas gun is reported. The experimental stresses simulate the compressive wave conditions preceding detonation providing insight into dominant mesoscale processes. Distributions of particle velocity as related to mean prill diameters and observations of between-prill jetting are reported. Use of the measured distributions of particle velocity for collaboration with mesoscale model development and the statistically-averaged values for contribution to continuum model development is discussed. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, June 29, 2011 3:00PM - 3:15PM |
P2.00005: Effects of high sound speed confiners on ANFO detonations Charles Kiyanda, Scott Jackson, Mark Short The interaction between high explosive (HE) detonations and high sound speed confiners, where the confiner sound speed exceeds the HE's detonation speed, has not been thoroughly studied. The subsonic nature of the flow in the confiner allows stress waves to travel ahead of the main detonation front and influence the upstream HE state. The interaction between the detonation wave and the confiner is also no longer a local interaction, so that the confiner thickness now plays a significant role in the detonation dynamics. We report here on larger scale experiments in which a mixture of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil (ANFO) is detonated in aluminium confiners with varying charge diameter and confiner thickness. The results of these large-scale experiments are compared with previous large-scale ANFO experiments in cardboard, as well as smaller-scale aluminium confined ANFO experiments, to characterize the effects of confiner thickness. [Preview Abstract] |
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