Bulletin of the American Physical Society
17th Biennial International Conference of the APS Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter
Volume 56, Number 6
Sunday–Friday, June 26–July 1 2011; Chicago, Illinois
Session B2: Detonations and Shock-Induced Chemistry I |
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Chair: Larry Hill, Los Alamos National Laboratory Room: Grand Ballroom IV-VI |
Monday, June 27, 2011 9:15AM - 9:30AM |
B2.00001: Experimental and Numerical Investigation of a Pyrotechnic Mixture Under a Cylindrically Converging Shock Condition Charles M. Jenkins, Yasuyuki Horie, C. Michael Lindsay, David E. Lambert, Eric J. Welle, George C. Butler This research builds on Forbes et al. (1997) study of inducing a rapid solid state reaction in a highly porous core using a converging cylindrical shock driven by a high explosive in the annular space. Using high speed photography and photon doppler velocimetry (PDV), the expansion velocity of the cylinder outer wall provides a comparison to the baseline high explosive core and the pyrotechnic cores. The CTH hydrocode model analysis of the case expansion and fluid velocities indicated that the outer case expansion velocity differs according to the formulation in the core and that the core materials are responding similarly to the baseline high explosive core. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, June 27, 2011 9:30AM - 9:45AM |
B2.00002: Shock Compression of Formic Acid Virginia Manner, Stephen Sheffield, Dana Dattelbaum, Ray Engelke, David Stahl Simple molecules such as formic acid, HCOOH, have been suggested to play important roles in the origin of life due to their high pressure and temperature chemistry. The hydrogen bonding characteristics and polymerization of HCOOH under high pressure have been recently investigated using both molecular dynamics calculations and experimental work. These works suggest that symmetric hydrogen bonding of HCOOH (forming a linear chain polymer where all C-O bonds are equivalent) occurs at 16 - 21 GPa at room temperature. In order to examine the shock compression behavior of this simple carboxylic acid, we present a series of gas gun-driven plate impact experiments on formic acid with shock inputs in the range of 10 - 20 GPa, overlapping in pressure with the earlier static experimental results. Using in-situ electromagnetic gauges, shock wave profiles (particle velocities) were measured at multiple Lagrangian positions as a function of shock input pressure, providing valuable information about its unreacted equation of state and shock-induced chemical reactions. The results are discussed in the context of the Hugoniot conditions, phase diagram and static high-pressure behavior, and related chemistry of other simple hydroxyl-/carboxyl-containing molecules. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, June 27, 2011 9:45AM - 10:00AM |
B2.00003: Experimental determination of detonation parameters of explosives based on ammonium nitrate Alexander Utkin, Vladimir Lavrov, Valentina Mochalova Laser interferometer VISAR was used for investigation of the reaction zone structure and determination of detonation parameters in two different kinds of explosives based on ammonium nitrate: emulsion explosives (EE) and composite explosives with plastic binder (CE). The influence of ammonium particle size, structure and diameter size of explosive charge on the detonation velocity and distribution of parameters inside the reaction zone has been investigated. It was found that detonation front of EE and CE is not smooth and a typical size of oscillations is determined by initial heterogeneity of explosives. Averaged profile of particle velocity fits with classic model of detonation and strongly pronounced Von Neumann spike is observed. Spike parameters are approximately 1.2 times greater than C-J parameters. The reaction time is order of microsecond. The detonation velocity of investigated explosives with initial density 1.1 g/cm$^{3}$ was changed from 4.5 to 5.0 km/s for EE and from 4.0 to 4.5 km/s for CE. The influence of aluminium and iron oxide additions on the detonation properties of CE was investigated. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, June 27, 2011 10:00AM - 10:15AM |
B2.00004: Chemistry Resolved Kinetic Flow Modeling of TATB Based Explosives Peter Vitello, Lawrence Fried, Mike Howard, George Levesque, Clark Souers Detonation waves in insensitive, TATB based explosives are believed to have multi-time scale regimes. The initial burn rate of such explosives has a sub-microsecond time scale. However, significant late-time slow release in energy is believed to occur due to diffusion limited growth of carbon. In the intermediate time scale concentrations of product species likely change from being in equilibrium to being kinetic rate controlled. We use the thermo-chemical code CHEETAH linked to ALE hydrodynamics codes to model detonations. We term our model chemistry resolved kinetic flow as CHEETAH tracks the time dependent concentrations of individual species in the detonation wave and calculate EOS values based on the concentrations. A validation suite of model simulations compared to recent high fidelity metal push experiments at ambient and cold temperatures has been developed. We present here a study of multi-time scale kinetic rate effects for these experiments. Prepared by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, June 27, 2011 10:15AM - 10:30AM |
B2.00005: Experimental Measurements of the Chemical Reaction Zone of TATB and HMX based explosives Viviane Bouyer, Philippe H\'ebert, Michel Doucet, Arnaud Sollier, Lionel Decaris, Louis-Pierre Terzulli In order to have an insight into the chemical reaction zone of explosives, experimental measurement of the detonation wave profile of solid explosives using laser velocimetry techniques are performed. The experiments consist in initiating a detonation wave in a cylinder of explosive using an explosive wire detonator and an explosive booster and measuring the particle velocity of an explosive-window interface or free surface velocity of an accelerated foil. Two explosives (TATB based and TATB-HMX based) have been studied through several configurations where the cylinder diameter and window or plate material could vary. Particle velocity profiles have been measured by VISAR and Heterodyne Velocimetry (HV). The results on the behavior of the explosives have been analyzed and compared with those of Photon Doppler Velocimetry of expanding species experiments. These experiments also enabled to carry on the comparison of the efficiency of VISAR and HV in such applications. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, June 27, 2011 10:30AM - 10:45AM |
B2.00006: Modeling Detonation in Ultrafine TATB Hemispherical Boosters Using CREST Nicholas Whitworth Hemispherical ultrafine TATB boosters are often used to initiate detonation in the TATB-based explosive LX-17. For accurate hydrocode predictions of experiments using this combination of explosives, it is important to accurately model the detonation wave emerging from the booster material since this may influence the detonation behaviour in the main charge. Since ultrafine TATB exhibits non-ideal detonation behaviour, it's response should be modeled using reactive flow. In this paper, the CREST reactive burn model, which uses entropy- dependent reaction rates to simulate explosive behaviour, is applied to experimental data obtained from ultrafine TATB hemispherical boosters initiated by slapper detonators at three initial temperatures (ambient, -20 degC and -54 degC). The ambient temperature data is used to develop an initial CREST model for ultrafine TATB which is then subsequently applied to the cold data. A comparison of the experimental and modeling results is presented showing that the model gives good agreement to experiment at both ambient and cold temperatures. [Preview Abstract] |
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