Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2013 Annual Fall Meeting of the APS Prairie Section
Volume 58, Number 15
Thursday–Saturday, November 7–9, 2013; Columbia, Missouri
Session D1: Astrophysics, Space Physics and Cosmology |
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Chair: Angela Speck, University of Missouri Room: Memorial Union Benton Bingham |
Friday, November 8, 2013 2:00PM - 2:36PM |
D1.00001: Thermodynamic modifications to spectral analysis and radiative transfer models of dust: Implications for asteroids, circumstellar dust, and gravitational collapse Invited Speaker: Anne Hofmeister Radiative transfer of light under diffusive conditions is important to astronomy, engineering, and planetary interiors. Three different errors exist in models, arising from failure to incorporate thermodynamic constraints. 1) Emissions have been mistaken for emissivity in analyzing spectra because the effect of thermal gradients in partially transparent solids was ignored. Applying the correct form of Kirchhoff's law to surfaces of large asteroids indicates mineralogies commonly found in meteorites. 2) Refraction across interfaces has been modeled as conical emanations of a point source, but the 2$^{\mathrm{nd}}$ law of thermodynamics only permits heat to flow down the thermal gradient. We revise formula for the effective thermal conductivity and discuss heat flow in Earth's mantle and in dusty nebulae. 3) Because light speed is 5 orders of magnitude larger than speeds of most physical processes, quasi-radiative equilibrium is generally maintained. Specifically, dust clouds cannot heat up during gravitational contraction. We correct stability criteria. Formation of the solar system did not produce heat because the current rotational energy of the objects nearly equals their gravitational potential energy. For young dwarfs, the balance is exact. These examples indicate that substantial corrections are needed in radiative transfer models and data processing in astronomy and planetary science. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, November 8, 2013 2:36PM - 2:48PM |
D1.00002: Using Spatially-Resolved Spectroscopy to Study Stardust Lacey Daniels, Speck Angela, Nelson DeSouza, Suklima Guha Niyogi We present a study of spatial distribution of different dusty spectral features in the Oxygen-rich Asymptotic Giant Branch star SW-Vir. We have spectral data for 8-14$\mu$m from Michelle at Gemini North, covering a 10x10 grid centered on the star to yield a set of 100 spectra cover (4 x 4 arcseconds of sky). We analyzed each spectrum by eliminating the continuum and the measuring the parameters (full width at half maximum, peak position, and strength) of the remaining spectral features. To assess the precision of the measurements, we chose to eliminate the continuum in two different ways -- dividing and subtracting a fitted power law. We compared the resulting measurements to each other in order to find correlations. We sought correlations between the parameters of the spectral feature as well as between different spectral features and with apparent radial distance from the central star. We did not find any correlation between the equivalent properties when comparing subtracted and divided spectra or between any parameters, even when the parameters of a single continuum-elimination technique were compared. Our results suggest that the standard model for dust formation and/or our attributions of specific compounds to specific spectra features are far too simple. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, November 8, 2013 2:48PM - 3:00PM |
D1.00003: A Newtonian bias embedded within the Schwarzschild metric John Laubenstein Karl Schwarzschild never suggested the existence of the event horizon. What we refer to as the Schwarzschild radius is the result of work done by David Hilbert after Schwarzschild's death. Albert Einstein never accepted what would later come to be known as the black hole. He was heavily criticized for his stubbornness in not accepting what his own theory predicted. Is it possible that both Einstein and Schwarzschild were on the right path all along? This paper explores the Equivalence Principle (EP) and suggests the need for a subtle revision. Specifically, the notion that acceleration may be held constant over a tiny interval within a homogeneous gravitational field. It is not my intent to challenge the mathematics of infinitesimal intervals. I suggest that there is nothing wrong with the mathematics of the Schwarzschild metric, but rather that this flawless mathematics results in modeling something that physically cannot occur from gravitation. My research provides an analysis of gravitational redshift and documents an inequality in the Equivalence Principle. The EP remains a critically important concept in understanding gravitation, yet it must be grounded within the correct correlation between acceleration and gravitation. This paper attempts to establish that correlation and further provides a mathematical proof of a Newtonian bias in the gravitational redshift equation that ultimately challenges the physical basis of the event horizon. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, November 8, 2013 3:00PM - 3:12PM |
D1.00004: Single Pulsar Timing and Gravitational Waves Adam Helfer The possibility that gravitational waves might be detected by their effects on pulsar signals has been considered for some time. For studies of single pulsars, however, it has been thought that cancellations in the gravitational-radiation contributions made the effects disappointingly small. It turns out, though, that a plausible assumption in those analyses is incorrect, and the effects, though still very small, might be within the reach of observation. The most promising candidate systems would be pulsars close to rapidly-orbiting binaries. (MNRAS 430 (2013) 305) [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, November 8, 2013 3:12PM - 3:24PM |
D1.00005: Gravitational Anomalies: An Attribute of Every Planetary and Satellite Body: A Natural Law Stewart Brekke Lateral variations in gravity in a planet or satellite are related to anomalous density distributions are gravitational anomalies. Variations in gravity have been found on Earth,the Moon and Mars. These are mountain ranges, canyons and basins such as mascons on Mars, Argyre and Utopia, and mascons on the Moon such as Imbrium and Orentale. Hawaii is a mascon on Earth. These anomalies result from the evolution in the geology of the planet or moon. Gaseous planets and satellites may have gravitational anomalies in their solid or semi solid cores, if they exist. Gaseous planets and satellites may have density concentrations of gases forming gravitational anomalies. Since gravitational anomalies are found on the Earth, the Moon and Mars, by induction gravitational anomalies will be found on all planets and satellites. [Preview Abstract] |
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