Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2016 Annual Spring Meeting of the APS Ohio-Region Section
Volume 61, Number 5
Friday–Saturday, April 8–9, 2016; Dayton, Ohio
Session D4: Contributed Session IV: General Physics |
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Chair: Andy Chong, University of Dayton Room: SC128 |
Saturday, April 9, 2016 8:30AM - 8:42AM |
D4.00001: What is the frequency of an electron? Ulrich Zurcher Particle-wave duality is a central tenet of quantum physics, and an electron has wave-like properties. Introductory texts discuss the wavelength-momentum relationship $\lambda=h/p$, but do not discuss the frequency-energy relationship. This is curious since a wave is periodic both in space and time. The discussion in more advanced texts is not satisfactory either since two different expressions for the frequency are given based on the relativistic and non-relativistic expression for the electron energy. The relativistic expression yields the correct frequency, and we explain why the expression based on the Schr\"{o}dinger equation gives the {\it incorrect} expression. We argue that the electron frequency should be discussed at the introductory level. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 9, 2016 8:42AM - 8:54AM |
D4.00002: Kirchhoff's Law and Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Do Arbitrary Cavities Always Contain Black Radiation? Pierre-Marie Robitaille When Max Planck attempted to derive Kirchhoff's Law, he placed the energy in the radiation field, leaving none in the walls of the cavity. Theoretically, blackbody radiation became independent of the nature of the enclosure. Others incorrectly argued that any cavity devoid of black radiation would constitute a violation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. This logical misstep occurred when no energy was allowed to reside in the walls. However, both NMR and MRI depend on spin-lattice relaxation and the inherent presence of energy within the structural lattice. It takes little insight to recognize that if Kirchhoff's Law was correct, then NMR would not exist, as the spins would be stripped of relaxation mechanisms which depend on energy in the lattice. In reality, real materials can restrict lattice energy which, as a result of structural constraints and conduction bands, can remain forever unavailable to thermal emission. It was therefore improper to assume that all of the energy can be localized in the radiation field. Furthermore, microwave cavities are known to support standing waves, not black radiation. This is potentially true of any material with elevated reflectivity, an aspect central to MRI, as this reality ensures that spins can be both excited and detected with cavities. It remains a fact that blackbodies are made of specialized strongly absorbing materials and that arbitrary cavities do not contain black radiation. Kirchhoff's Law remains without theoretical or experimental confirmation and is directly refuted by the very existence of clinical MRI. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 9, 2016 8:54AM - 9:06AM |
D4.00003: Simulating the hemodynamic effect in imaging brain tissue using two-photon laser scanning microscopy Silas Ifeanyi, Thomas Sauer, Winslow Cotton, Peifang Tian, Anna Devor, Anders Dale, Lana Ruvinskaya, David Boas, Sava Sakadzic Data interpretation of two-photon fluorescence microscopy on dyes with small signal change such as $\beta $\textit{-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide }(NADH) faces enormous challenge because the measured signal change is often highly distorted by hemodynamic changes. Prior work modeled two-photon NADH fluorescence with precise maps of cortical microvasculature and corrected for the measured NADH signal change by using the fluorescence change of Sulforhodamine 101 (SR101), a functionally inert dye. The correction scheme, however, was not performed for a realistic three dimensional (3D) microvasculature. Here, we extend the prior work to calculate the point to point correction factor using a 3D microvasculature. We use ray tracing scheme and consider the effects of light scattering and absorption due to blood vessels. We will present the correction factors from multiple animal models and dyes; show its effect on data interpretation; and compare this correction scheme with the simple one-value approach. Our study allows more accurate interpretation of functional imaging studies. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 9, 2016 9:06AM - 9:18AM |
D4.00004: planarization techniques for integrated waveguide detectors Michael Buzbee, David Lombardo, Andrew Sarangan, Qiwen Zhan, Imad Agha Wafer curvature is a common complication during device processing. A minimal wafer curvature is critical when fabricating 3-dimensional integrated circuits. Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) is a relatively new process used to planarize topographical surfaces. However, when removing small-scale topographical features CMP is limited by the amount of material to be removed and wafer curvature. We have developed a wet thermal oxidation planarization process to bypass the need for the CMP process. This oxidation process has been implemented in the development of a Si$_{3}$N$_{4}$ on Si, waveguide on photodetector device. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 9, 2016 9:18AM - 9:30AM |
D4.00005: Deep-UV interference lithography combined with masked contact lithography for pixel wiregrid patterns\textbf{~} David Lombardo, Piyush Shah, Pengfei Guo, Andrew Sarangan In this work, we investigate a new technique for quantum-compatible waveform shaping that goes beyond the time- Pixelated wiregrids are of great interest in polarimetric imagers, but there are no straightforward methods available for combining the uniform exposures of laser interference with a masking system to achieve pixels at different rotational angles. In this work we demonstrate a 266nm deep-UV interference lithography combined with a traditional i-line contact lithography to create such pixels. Aluminum wiregrids are first made, following by etching to create the pixels, and then a planarizing molybdenum film is used before patterning subsequent pixel arrays. The etch contrast between the molybdenum and the aluminum enables the release of the planarizing layer. [Preview Abstract] |
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