Bulletin of the American Physical Society
Spring 2010 Meeting of the Ohio Section of the APS
Volume 55, Number 4
Friday–Saturday, April 30–May 1 2010; Flint, Michigan
Session B1: Applied Physics |
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Room: Campus Center Room A |
Saturday, May 1, 2010 8:00AM - 8:12AM |
B1.00001: Solar/Geothermal Saves Energy in Heating and Cooling of Greenhouses Matthew Sanders, Mark Thompson, Yuri Sikorski The steady increase in world population and problems associated with conventional agricultural practices demand changes in food production methods and capabilities. Locally grown food minimizes the transportation costs and gas emissions responsible for Global Warming. Greenhouses have the potential to be extremely ecologically friendly by greatly increasing yields per year and facilitating reduced pesticide use. Globally, there are 2.5 million acres of greenhouse cover, including 30,640 acres in North America. In Europe, greenhouses consume 10{\%} of the total energy in agriculture. Most of that energy is utilized for heating. Heating and cooling amount to 35{\%} of greenhouse production costs. This high percentage value can be partially attributed to currently poor insulation values. In moderate-to-cold climate zones, it can take up to 2,500 gallons of propane, currently costing around {\$}5,000, to keep a 2,000 sq. ft. greenhouse producing all winter. Around 350 tons of CO$_{2}$ per acre per year are released from these structures, contributing to global climate change. Reducing the energy needs of a greenhouse is the first step in saving money and the environment. Therefore, an efficient and environmentally friendly heating and cooling system selection is also crucial. After selecting appropriate energy sources, the next major concern in a greenhouse would be heat loss. Consequently, it is critically important to understand factors contributing to heat loss. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, May 1, 2010 8:12AM - 8:24AM |
B1.00002: An Experimental Evidence of Asymmetrical Electromotive Forces Xiaodong Liu, Yu Liang, Qichang Liang In this work, we observed the asymmetrical electromotive forces (AEMF) between a toroidal solenoid (TS) and a circular parallel plate capacitor (CPPC) due to the displacement current. In the experiment, a TS was connected with a capacitor to compose the first resonant circuit and a CPPC was connected with an inductor to compose the second resonant circuit. The CPPC was placed in the annular center of the TS. Both circuits were excited at the same resonant frequency by a remote signal generator. Turning the first circuit on and off, it is shown that the first circuit supplies an electromotive force to the second circuit. On the contrary, the second circuit does not supply electromotive force to the first one. This is the first time that AEMF was verified. It is anticipated that this effect could be applied to the study of electromagnetic interaction and signal transmission in radio frequency. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, May 1, 2010 8:24AM - 8:36AM |
B1.00003: Thermal and optical characterization of photonic integrated circuits by thermoreflectance microscopy Maryam Farzaneh, J.A. Summers, K. Greenberg, D. Lueerssen, Rajeev Ram, Janice Hudgings One of the biggest challenges in operation of sub-micrometer sized optoelectronic devices is the generation of excess heat that can create hot spots and affect the device performance. In addition, size reduction and monolithic integration of a large number of optoelectronic devices on a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) restrict direct access to optical signals of each component, which renders the characterization of individual elements difficult. In this talk we report on application of the high resolution, all optical thermal imaging technique of thermoreflectance microscopy in characterization of a PIC comprised of cascaded semiconductor optical amplifiers. A combination of thermal imaging with a comprehensive heat exchange model allows us to obtain internal optical power distribution of the individual devices on a PIC under operating conditions. Other applications of the thermoreflectance technique will also be reviewed. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, May 1, 2010 8:36AM - 8:48AM |
B1.00004: Computer Controlled Portable Greenhouse Climate Control System for Enhanced Energy Efficiency Anthony Datsenko, Steve Myer, Albert Petties, Ryan Hustek, Mark Thompson This paper discusses a student project at Kettering University focusing on the design and construction of an energy efficient greenhouse climate control system. In order to maintain acceptable temperatures and stabilize temperature fluctuations in a portable plastic greenhouse economically, a computer controlled climate control system was developed to capture and store thermal energy incident on the structure during daylight periods and release the stored thermal energy during dark periods. The thermal storage mass for the greenhouse system consisted of a water filled base unit. The heat exchanger consisted of a system of PVC tubing. The control system used a programmable LabView computer interface to meet functional specifications that minimized temperature fluctuations and recorded data during operation. The greenhouse was a portable sized unit with a 5' x 5' footprint. Control input sensors were temperature, water level, and humidity sensors and output control devices were fan actuating relays and water fill solenoid valves. A Graphical User Interface was developed to monitor the system, set control parameters, and to provide programmable data recording times and intervals. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, May 1, 2010 8:48AM - 9:00AM |
B1.00005: Simulation studies of dynamics and defect textures in 3-d cholesteric droplets Vianney Gimenez-Pinto, Shin-Ying Lu, Jonathan Selinger, Robin Selinger We model defect texture evolution in droplets of cholesteric liquid crystals by solving for the dynamics of the nematic director field. In order to accommodate defects in the simulated texture, we use a finite difference formulation that is explicitly independent of sign reversal of the director at any position in the sample. Textures are visualized using either the Berreman 4x4 matrix method or by mapping free energy density. We study both planar and focal conic cholesteric textures in 3-d spherical and cylindrical droplets, with the goal to optimize device geometries for bistable display applications. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, May 1, 2010 9:00AM - 9:12AM |
B1.00006: Inkjet Mask Anomalies for Microfluidic Devices William Dieterle The utilization of inkjet masks with UV light on a photoresistive material can be a cost-effective method for the generation of microfluidic devices for research and/or demonstration. The multicomponent combinations of various colors utilized in inks can lead to anomalies in the generation of the device. These anomalies are demonstrated for various UV exposures with a 365 nm source and possible solutions are discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, May 1, 2010 9:12AM - 9:24AM |
B1.00007: Bullion to B-fields: The Silver Program of the Manhattan Project Cameron Reed Between October 1942 and September 1944, over 14,000 tons of silver bullion bars withdrawn form the U.S. Treasury were melted and cast into magnet coils and busbar pieces for the ``calutron'' electromagnetic isotope-separators constructed at Oak Ridge. Based on Manhattan Engineer District documents, this paper will review the history of this ``Silver Program,'' including discussions of the contractors, production methods, and quantities of materials involved. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, May 1, 2010 9:24AM - 9:36AM |
B1.00008: Characteristics-Based Schemes for the Hyperbolic Heat Conduction Equations Brian McCartin In some emerging technologies such as fast-paced laser heating of materials, transient heat transfer at low cryogenic temperatures, and microwave heating at very high frequencies, the wave nature of thermal phenomena must be properly taken into account. Herein, three second-order accurate (fourth-order accurate for unit Courant number) characteristics-based schemes for the hyperbolic heat conduction equations are derived and studied. Specifically, the dissipative and dispersive properties of these discrete schemes are compared to their continuum counterparts. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, May 1, 2010 9:36AM - 9:48AM |
B1.00009: The Helmholtz-Kohlrausch Effect with Application to Exit Signs Robert Donofrio This paper reviews the reported luminance of exit signs and the Helmholtz-Kohlrausch effect with application to exit signs. We discuss a number of types of exit signs and show how the Helmholtz Kohlrausch effect is involved with low light levels. We will review our studies on the brightness of LED mesopic luminaires and discuss how exit signs may operate at a lower luminance then is presently required. The use of LED signs under these mesopic conditions may improve energy efficiency of exit signs. [Preview Abstract] |
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