Bulletin of the American Physical Society
Fall 2014 Meeting of the APS New England Section
Volume 59, Number 17
Friday–Saturday, November 7–8, 2014; Boston, Massachusetts
Session E3: Other Extremes in Physics |
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Chair: Naomi Ridge, WIT Room: 004 |
Saturday, November 8, 2014 8:30AM - 8:42AM |
E3.00001: Weather Extremes {\&} Rising Seas as Measures of Global Warming Paul H. Carr Both weather extremes and global sea levels have been rising. We are experiencing more floods, hurricane damage, droughts, and wildfires. Extreme summer heat anomalies now cover about 10{\%} of land area, up from 0.2{\%} in 1950-1980. The number of natural disasters since 1996 costing {\$}1 billion or more doubled compared with the previous 15-year period. Higher temperature cause dry areas to become drier and wet areas wetter. The latter comes from increased water vapor in the atmosphere. Global sea levels have been rising, in spite of the ``Faux Pause,'' slowing of the rise in global temperature since 2000 [1]. There was also a pause in the global temperature rise from 1940 to 1970, which is attributed to the cooling effect of aerosols from the coal burning during and after WWII. In contrast, the rate of global sea level rise has been increasing without pause. I will show that the continuing sea level rise correlates with increasing carbon dioxide levels. Thus, sea level rise is a better measure of global warming than temperature.\\[4pt] [1] M. Mann, ``Earth will cross danger threshold by 2036,'' \textit{Scientific American}, vol 310, April 2014. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, November 8, 2014 8:42AM - 8:54AM |
E3.00002: Bistable Dynamics in Chaotic Flow Structures Aditya Dhumuntarao, Wenbo Tang A study of the interactions between turbulent stirring and biological processes is presented. Initial seeding of impurities in varying flow topological structures is shown to dictate the ultimate homogeneous state of the reaction scalar. In particular, hyperbolic and eddy flow structures were coupled with biological bistable dynamics to determine the ultimate state. For bistable equilibrium points, the elliptic flow structures help maintain scalar concentration and converge to one stable state. However, the hyperbolic flow structures contain high stretching regions which dilute the concentration and evolve the system to other stable state. Most importantly, the domain of attraction is critically determined by the underlying Lagrangian Coherent Structure (LCS). The domain convergence bifurcation used an underlying double gyre flow structure with varying Damk\"{o}hler numbers. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, November 8, 2014 8:54AM - 9:06AM |
E3.00003: Theory of self-oscillation and mode locking in a longitudinal photoacoustic resonator Ziyao Tang, Han Jung Park, Roger Diebold, Gerald J. Diebold The wave equation for pressure that governs generation of the photoacoustic effect possesses a forcing term proportional to the time derivative of the energy delivered to the gas per unit volume and time. A positive pressure fluctuation, with its accompanying density increase, thus increases the optical absorption and provides a positive feedback mechanism for sound generation. A theory for self-oscillation in a one-dimensional resonator is given. Expressions for the photoacoustic pressure are derived for the cases of highly and weakly absorbing gases that indicate mode-locked sound generation. Experiments with CO2 lasers are reported where evidence of the self-generation effect was sought. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, November 8, 2014 9:06AM - 9:18AM |
E3.00004: Energy Extraction from Incident Ocean Waves by Heaving and Flexing Mechanical Systems Amadou Thiam A discussion is given of the mechanical principles involved in the design of systems extracting energy from ocean waves. When waves are incident on the device, parts of the system heave and flex, and the quantitative differences between the heaving and flexing is used to drive energy conversion devices. The conversion system could be modeled by dashpots. The energy dissipated gives a limit to how much power the system can convert. One limitation is that the system re-radiates waves, energy unavailable for conversion. Accounting for this loss presents analytical challenges. This paper discusses advances enabling designers to account for it. The analytical problem thus presents itself as that of a defined mechanical system, which exterior contacts with the water. The system may have internal damping, not part of the energy converted, and there is an inherent viscous damping at interfaces when the water moves relative to the external surfaces of the system. For the system itself, parts may be modeled as continuous elements, such as beams or linked rigid bodies. One object in all such designs is, with reasonably imposed constrains, to extract as much power possible from a given incident wave. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, November 8, 2014 9:18AM - 9:30AM |
E3.00005: Bringing Together Physics and Business Management in Interdisciplinary Undergraduate Education Frederick Trilling Amongst the extremes of physics must be counted its contributions outside of the natural sciences, to the world of business management. There are numerous examples of how the concepts, algorithms and thought processes of physics have provided business managers with new perspectives on traditional corporate methodologies. It may also be shown that both traditional and state-of-the-art business management ideas offer similar advantages to both theoretical and applied physics. This interdisciplinary approach has yielded benefits for both areas of study in undergraduate education and in practice. Supporting examples will be reviewed, and future opportunities will be discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, November 8, 2014 9:30AM - 9:42AM |
E3.00006: MOOCs at ``Home": A blend of carefully selected ingredients Charles H. Holbrow Computer platforms developed to deliver MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) are now being used as part of traditional undergraduate and graduate physics courses. Materials developed for and delivered on the edX platform have been blended with traditional instruction in MIT's large freshman physics course. I will show illustrative examples of pre-class questions, online reading materials, and online homework problems used in this course, and I will assess what works well and what doesn't. I will also outline the extensive organizational and management effort needed to create and deliver online materials that are coordinated with the course's classroom work. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, November 8, 2014 9:42AM - 9:54AM |
E3.00007: A New Physics: Evidence Supporting the Knot Theory Using Neutrino-AntiNeutrino Like Particle Collision Meggie Zhang Peter Tait's smoke rings from ammonia and sulphuric acid inspired William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) for his knot theory: atoms weren't solid spheres, but looped vortices tied in the field of the lumeniferous aether, the medium then thought to carry light waves. And for the different chemical elements, they would just be ever more complex sorts of knots. Can you actually tie a knot with anything, such as light, so that the knots will be stable until you untie it? Here we present the observation of the formation of knots due to light spontaneous folding using two dimensional neutrino and antineutrino like particle collision. Similarly the spiral galaxy liked structures formed through light spontaneous folding in the invisible energy field, which is activated during collision. This type collision requires light be stopped. The theory behind this work is a reinterpretation of quantum mechanic and the results directly conflict with the many postulations of relativity theory such as space-time, the speed of light, and time-dilation. The same time it put many of the physics mysteries at rest including quantum entanglement, the nature of gravity and anti-gravity, and etc. Energy is not conserved in these collisions. Yet I believe time is needed for this work to be fully understood by the science community because of the complexity and counter intuitive nature of the underlying logic. If it is understood, you will find it takes only one pair of photon and anti-photon to power the entire universe and it is that simple. The universe is timeless. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, November 8, 2014 9:54AM - 10:06AM |
E3.00008: Correction of Compton's method for deriving the Compton Shift Hossein Nasoori In 1923, Arthur H. Compton, in Washington University at Saint Louise, hit a beam of x-ray, the wavelength of which was precisely known, on a scattering material (graphite) and for different scattering angles, measured the strength of the scattered X-rays as a function of their wavelengths. According to Compton's experimental results, though the incident ray basically has a wavelength of $\lambda $, but the intensity of the scattered x-rays has peaks at two wavelengths. One of those wavelengths, is equal to the same incident wavelength while the other, that is, $\lambda'$, is greater than $\lambda $ by a value of $\Delta\lambda$. In this article, by stating a new principle on the incident electromagnetic wave (X-ray, etc.) and light, using the two principles provided in the first Article, and by giving three new definitions of the linear impulse of the electromagnetic wave (X-ray, etc.) and light as well as the linear impulse of the X -particle, we will derive the Compton shift by a new method. [Preview Abstract] |
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