Bulletin of the American Physical Society
Joint Fall 2012 Meeting of the APS New England Section and the AAPT
Volume 57, Number 15
Friday–Saturday, November 9–10, 2012; Williamtown, Massachusetts
Session E2: Gravity, Cosmology, and Related Topics |
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Chair: William Wootters, Williams College Room: Wege Auditorium |
Saturday, November 10, 2012 8:00AM - 8:12AM |
E2.00001: Topological Lorentz Defects Michael Seifert Models in which a vector or tensor field takes on a non-zero vacuum expectation value have been a subject of great interest in recent years, particularly in the framework of the Standard Model Extension. Such models spontaneously break Lorentz symmetry, raising the possibility of topological defects arising via the Kibble mechanism. I present the results of recent work into the existence and properties of these solutions, particularly the monopole solutions that can arise when an antisymmetric two-tensor takes on a vacuum expectation value. These relic monopoles would in principle be observable either via their gravitational effects or via direct coupling to the Maxwell field. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, November 10, 2012 8:12AM - 8:24AM |
E2.00002: The quantum geometric limit Seth Lloyd This talk presents fundamental quantum limits to measuring space-time geometry. By applying the fundamental physical bounds to measurement accuracy to ensembles of clocks and signals moving in curved spacetime -- e.g., the global positioning system -- I derive the quantum geometric limit: the total number of ticks of clocks and clicks of detectors that can be contained in a four volume of spacetime of radius $r$ and temporal extent $t$ is less than or equal to $rt/\pi \ell_P t_P$, where $\ell_P$, $t_P$ are the Planck length and time. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, November 10, 2012 8:24AM - 8:36AM |
E2.00003: FLRW Cosmology from Yang-Mills Gravity with Translational Symmetry Daniel Katz We extend to basic cosmology the subject of Yang-Mills gravity - a theory of gravity based on local translational gauge invariance in flat spacetime. It has been shown that this particular gauge invariance leads to tensor factors in the macroscopic limit of the equations of motion of particles which plays the same role as the metric tensor of General Relativity. The assumption that this ``effective metric" tensor takes on the standard FLRW form is our starting point. Equations analogous to the Friedman equations are derived and then solved in closed form for the three special cases of a universe dominated by 1) matter, 2) radiation, and 3) dark energy. We find that the solutions for the scale factor are similar to, but distinct from, those found in the corresponding GR based treatment. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, November 10, 2012 8:36AM - 8:48AM |
E2.00004: Type Ia supernova radiation examined in the framework of Thomson scattering David W. Kraft The apparent dimming of radiation emitted in Type Ia supernovae explosions has been interpreted as evidence for an accelerated expansion of the Universe and the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for this work. However, alternative explanations have also been proposed so it is possible that action by the Nobel Committee may have been premature. We discuss here one such alternative, namely the effects of Thomson scattering of the supernova radiation. Specifically the observed distances to supernova objects are corrected for the Thomson scattering of their radiation photons by free electrons in their path. Previous work has shown that an independent estimate of the free-electron density in a dark intergalactic plasma provides close agreement of the corrected distances with predictions of the luminosity-distance relation. Hence the apparent dimming of Type Ia supernova objects can be understood without recourse to cosmic acceleration and cosmic jerk. The present work includes additional data for the high-$z$ regime. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, November 10, 2012 8:48AM - 9:00AM |
E2.00005: Plasma Redshift Cosmology Ari Brynjolfsson Plasma redshift theory is derived from more accurate physics than that used by big-bang cosmologists. Plasma redshift explains the intrinsic redshifts of the Sun, the stars and the quasars, the cosmological redshift, the magnitude redshift relation for SNe Ia, the surface brightness redshift relation for galaxies, cosmic microwave background and X-ray background. There is no need for big-bang, cosmic expansion, or cosmic time dilation. There is no need for artificial parameters, such as: dark energy, dark matter, accelerated expansion, and black holes. In addition, plasma redshift explains many peculiar observations that have been difficult to explain, such as the steep temperature increase in the transition zone to the solar corona, the heating of the solar corona, the increase of the solar redshift with frequency, the eruptions in the Sun, the variations in the center to limb effect from line to line, the K effect and Trumpler effect in O and B stars, the absence of 21 cm wavelengths in high redshift objects, and absence of redshifts in high density low temperature plasma. In addition the plasma redshift experiments show that the photons are gravitationally repelled. This obviates the need for Einstein's Lamda and Black Holes. It makes the Universe stable and ever lasting. [Preview Abstract] |
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