Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2022
Volume 67, Number 3
Monday–Friday, March 14–18, 2022; Chicago
Session W10: Multi Phase FlowRecordings Available
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Sponsoring Units: DFD Chair: Christopher Rycroft, Harvard University Room: McCormick Place W-181A |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 3:00PM - 3:12PM |
W10.00001: Wettability in unconventional reservoirs: a multicomponent lattice Boltzmann simulation study Zahera Jabeen, Kevin J Dugan, Emre Turkoz, Jeremy Brandman, Gary L Hunter Wettability is an important factor in the mobility of multiphase transport of oil and water in conventional and unconventional reservoirs. Unconventional reservoirs are characterized by pore sizes less than 100nm, leading to an increased role of capillarity in these reservoirs. In addition, these reservoirs consist of coexisting water-wet inorganic regions rich in minerals, oil-wet regions rich in organic content and mixed-wet regions. The spatial heterogeneity in wettability and their connectivity can impact the multiphase transport of the liquid phases. In this study, we investigate the role of wetting heterogeneity on the multiphase transport of oil and water in a porous granular bead pack using multicomponent lattice Boltzmann simulations. We show that the residual trapping of liquid phases depends on the spatial distribution of wettability in the reservoir and can impact the mobility of the liquids. We also discuss the residual trapping of the liquid phases in the context of the Lenormand’s Ca-M=\eta_1/\eta_1 phase diagram. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 3:12PM - 3:24PM |
W10.00002: Experimental and numerical analysis of the impact of decontamination treatments on the filtration performance of N95 respirators Ulf D Schiller, Sumit Sharma, Fang Wang, Shubham Kumar, P.V. Kameswara Rao, Balpartap Singh, Ruchika R Nawal, Priya Kumar, Sudha Yadav, Ashwini K Agrawal, Manjeet Jassal, Imre Szenti, Ákos Kukovecz, Amit Rawal Filtering facepiece respirators such as N95 masks are an effective measure against the spread of infectious diseases. The masks capture a significant proportion of droplets that are generated by speaking or coughing. However, the surge in the use of disposable respirators is susceptible to demand-supply gaps and disposal threatens the environment with a new kind of plastic pollution. Effective decontamination methods are thus highly sought to make the use of N95 respirators sustainable. In this work, we have investigated the filtration performance of the key filtration layers of meltblown nonwovens after treatment with four different decontamination methods: soap, liquid hydrogen peroxide, ultraviolet radiation, and moist heat treatment. Using X-ray microCT, we have analyzed the structural heterogeneity of the filtration layers after one and five cycles of decontamination treatment. The microCT scans were used to perform numerical simulations of the filtration efficiency. We show how the different decontamination treatments affect the nonwoven structure, the distribution of particle penetration depths, and the filtration efficiency. The insights can help to improve decontamination processes and provide guidance for appropriate disinfection of N95 respirators. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 3:24PM - 3:36PM |
W10.00003: Hydrodynamics of active bacteria suspensions in a Hele-shaw cell Akash Ganesh, Harold Auradou, Carine Douarche, Frédéric Doumenc Hydrodynamic dispersion between two miscible passive fluids in a Hele-Shaw cell have been studied extensively both theoretically and experimentally over the years. However, the dispersion of active bacteria suspensions in shear flows is still poorly understood although it is a key for a wide range of applications in the fields of biology, ecology, environmental engineering, etc. This present work focuses on studying the dispersion of an active bacteria suspension subject to flow and displacing a miscible passive fluid in a Hele-Shaw cell. We monitor the spatio-temporal longitudinal concentration profiles of the fluorescent bacteria suspension for multiple initial cell concentrations, degrees of confinement and imposed average flow velocities. We observe an increased dispersivity of an active bacteria suspension when compared to that predicted by the classical Taylor dispersion model for a passive point particle suspension. We believe that this study would enhance our understanding of active dispersion of bacteria through porous media, on surfaces etc. where shear flows are ubiquitous. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 3:36PM - 3:48PM |
W10.00004: Forced imbibition in a Hele-Shaw cell with a textured surface Yu Qiu, Ke Xu, Amir A Pahlavan, Luis Cueto-Felgueroso, Ruben Juanes When a low-viscosity wetting fluid displaces a high-viscosity nonwetting fluid along a rough media, an instability may occur: a leading film of invading liquid extends ahead of the advancing fluid-fluid front. Here, we investigate the emergence and evolution of this instability by means of microfluidic experiments and computational modeling. We conduct viscously unfavorable imbibition experiments in a rough Hele-Shaw cell, where one of the surfaces is patterned with cylindrical micropillars. At low flow rate, the displacement is complete with the invading liquid fully saturated across the cell gap. Above a critical flow rate, however, the invading liquid preferentially advances on the rough surface as a leading film, resulting in incomplete displacement. Depending on the flow rate and the degree of roughness, this film may either be confined within the crevices of micropillars as a “thin film” or cover all the surfaces of micropillars as a “thick film”. We propose a phase diagram to delineate these regimes and qualitatively rationalize the transitions. We then develop a phase-field model, which successfully reproduces both the macroscopic patterns and the pore-scale mechanisms, and enables access to quantities (like pressures and fluid saturations) not available experimentally. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 3:48PM - 4:00PM |
W10.00005: Diffusive Transport in Viscous Eroded Media Bryan Quaife, Alan Lindsay, SHANG-HUAN CHIU, Matthew N Moore, Jake Cherry Flow in a fixed porous media is synonymous in many geophysical, medical, and industrial applications. However, when the geometry erodes, the porous media develops preferred flow directions and anisotropic permeability. By combining high-order numerical methods to solve the viscous fluid equations and to evolve individual grains, I will demonstrate how erosion can be simulated. Using these eroded geometries, I will draw connections between the porosity of the eroded geometry with tortuosity and dispersion. Finally, I will present a new numerical method to simulate diffusion in complex eroded geometries. This method uses the Laplace transform to find long time behaviors of diffusion without the need to perform time stepping. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 4:00PM - 4:12PM |
W10.00006: Going with the flow: colloidal dynamics at moving immiscible fluid interfaces Joanna Schneider, Rodney Priestley, Sujit Datta A wide array of processes, from membrane defouling to contaminant transport and groundwater remediation, involve interactions between deposited colloidal particles and an immiscible fluid interface. Previous works studying the interactions between individual particles and a moving interface have shown that the interplay between colloidal interactions, hydrodynamics, and capillarity plays a critical role in determining the transport of both colloids and fluid. However, in many cases, particle deposits form dense aggregates, giving rise to new complexities that cannot be described by single-particle models. To address this gap in knowledge, we visualize interactions between multilayer particle deposits and moving immiscible fluid droplets in microchannels. As the fluid interface passes over particles, we observe that they strongly adsorb to it, despite their lack of surface activity under quiescent conditions. We show that this behavior arises due to the influence of capillary forces exerted by the fluid interface as it impinges on particles, forcing them to overcome the barrier to adsorption. Our work thus reveals new ways to help guide the development of more accurate models to describe how deposited particles can be transported by immiscible fluid interfaces in the environment. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 4:12PM - 4:24PM |
W10.00007: What keeps rivers near the threshold of sediment transport? Predrag Popovic, Olivier Devauchelle, Anaïs Abramian, Eric Lajeunesse Understanding how rivers adjust to the sediment load they carry is critical to predicting the evolution of landscapes. Presently, however, no physically based model reliably captures the dependence of basic river properties, such as its shape or slope, on the discharge of sediment, even in the simple case of laboratory rivers. Here, we show how the balance between fluid stress and gravity acting on the sediment grains, along with cross-stream diffusion of sediment, determines the shape and sediment flux profile of laminar laboratory rivers which carry sediment as bedload. Using this model, which reliably reproduces the experiments without any tuning, we confirm the hypothesis, originally proposed by Parker, that rivers are restricted to exist close to the threshold of sediment motion (within about 20%). This limit is set by the fluid-sediment interaction and is independent of the water and sediment load carried by the river. Thus, as the total sediment discharge increases, the intensity of sediment flux (sediment discharge per unit width) in a river saturates, and the river can only transport more sediment by widening. In this large discharge regime, the cross-stream diffusion of momentum in the flow permits sediment transport. Conversely, in the weak transport regime, the transported sediment concentrates around the river center without significantly altering the river shape. If this theory holds for natural rivers, the aspect ratio of a river could become a proxy for sediment discharge - a quantity notoriously difficult to measure in the field. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 4:24PM - 4:36PM Withdrawn |
W10.00008: Entrainment of particles from a granular bed in a turbulent shear flow: experiments and stochastic modeling Kevin Pierce, Marwan A Hassan We study experimentally and theoretically the incipient motion of individual grains from a granular bed sheared by a weak turbulent fluid flow. This problem underlies numerous applications in Earth sciences since sediment transport in flowing water is a major source of landscape instability. Our experiments indicate that individual particles remain stationary on the bed over timescales characterized by statistical distributions. We model these "resting time" distributions by considering particle entrainment into motion as a first passage time problem, where the fluctuating fluid forces act to tip particles beyond a point where gravity can restore their stability on the granular bed. The solution of this first passage time problem is obtained by numerical and approximate analytical methods, and the modeled distributions show close correspondence to the experimental data. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 4:36PM - 4:48PM |
W10.00009: Water imbibition through hydrogel-coated capillary tubes Sooyoung Chang, Kaare Hartvig Jensen, Wonjung Kim We study the dynamics of water flow through hydrogel-coated capillary tubes. Hydrogel particles are widely used to absorb water in hygienic products, drug delivery systems, and microfluidic devices. Since hydrogels absorb water with volume expansion, water flow through a porous structure composed of hydrogel particles results in a deformation of the interconnected pore structure. To understand the dynamics of water flow through hydrogel particles, we examined water flow through hydrogel-coated capillary tubes as a model system. We experimentally measured the flow speed in the tube and the water volume absorbed by the hydrogel layer coated on the inner surface of the tube. The experimental observations were explained by a hydrodynamic model developed for capillary flow, taking into account the deformation of the tube wall as well as water absorption into the tube wall. Our study provides new insights into capillary flow through various hygroscopic soft porous media, including porous structures composed of hydrogel particles. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 4:48PM - 5:00PM |
W10.00010: A projection method for porous media simulation Nicholas J Derr, Christopher H Rycroft Flow through porous, elastically deforming media is present in a variety of natural contexts ranging from large-scale geophysics to cellular biology. When fluid motion is approximated as incompressible, pressure in the pores acts as a Lagrange multiplier to satisfy the resulting constraint on fluid divergence. The resulting system of equations has no explicit representation of the pressure's time-evolution, which makes it difficult to solve numerically. In this talk, we present a method for the simulation of flow through porous media and its coupled elastic deformation that avoids this difficulty. The pore pressure field is calculated at each time step by correcting flow violation of the incompressibility condition in a manner similar to the Chorin projection method for incompressible fluid flow. The corresponding linear system over the pressure space has a number of favorable properties that make it easy to solve. In this talk, we will introduce the method and demonstrate its application to two- and three-dimensional systems arising in gel, mixture, and poroelastic theory. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 5:00PM - 5:12PM |
W10.00011: Understanding diffusion-controlled bubble growth in porous media using experiments and simulations Emre Turkoz, Jeremy Brandman, Zahera Jabeen, Deniz Ertas, Gary L Hunter Nucleation and subsequent growth of gas bubbles inside liquid reservoirs is believed to be one of the production mechanisms taking place during oil recovery from tight oil reservoirs. Depleting reservoir pressure results in the nucleation of bubbles from the dissolved gas inside the liquid. These bubbles grow as dissolved gas molecules inside the oversaturated liquid diffuse to the gas-liquid interface. At this stage, the principal drive mechanism for production is the expulsion of liquid due to expansion of bubbles inside the pores. We built an experimental setup using microfluidic chips to study the dynamics of bubble growth in porous media. We show that rate of bubble growth and invasion pattern of growing bubbles depend on the saturation of the liquid solution. A nonlinear pore-network model from the literature is implemented to simulate bubble growth. We compare model predictions for bubble growth dynamics to our experimental results and present the need for further theoretical development to capture deviations from invasion-percolation when a large pressure drop is applied. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 5:12PM - 5:24PM |
W10.00012: Revisiting the Modeling of Porous Structures using Variable-Order Calculus Sansit Patnaik, Mehdi Jokar, Fabio Semperlotti Several theoretical and experimental studies have highlighted the prominent role of size-dependent (or nonlocal) effects in porous structures. The spatial distribution of porosity, in terms of the pore location and size, leads to a position-dependent nonlocal phenomenon that results in a position-dependent softening of the structure. This study presents the application of variable-order fractional calculus to the modeling of position-dependent nonlocal effects in porous structures. Variable-order (VO) operators can evolve seamlessly, guided by a VO law, to describe dissimilar physics without the need to modify the underlying structure of the governing equations. The reformulation of the classical continuum framework, by means of VO kinematics, enables a unique approach to model structures exhibiting position-dependent nonlocal behavior. Further, this study presents a deep learning based framework capable of solving the inverse problem consisting in the identification of the VO describing the behavior of the structure on the basis of its response. The combined capabilities of the VO theory and the deep learning framework are illustrated by simulating the response of porous core beams. The VO model shows excellent accuracy when compared to traditional homogenization techniques that are widely used in the modeling of porous structures. The reference solution for the aforementioned comparison was obtained from a 3D finite element model (in a commercial finite element software) that fully resolves the porous beam geometry. The latter analysis also highlighted the significant computational efficiency of the VO model when compared to 3D finite element analysis. Although presented in the context of a slender beam, both the VO nonlocal model and the deep learning techniques are very general and can be extended to the simulation of any general higher-dimensional porous structure. |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 5:24PM - 5:36PM |
W10.00013: Imbibition- and Drying-Induced Deformation of Nanoporous Solids Juan Sanchez, Patrick Huber, Howard A Stone, Zhuoquing Li, Lars Dammann
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Thursday, March 17, 2022 5:36PM - 5:48PM |
W10.00014: Defining the averaging volume for porous media in inertial to transitional regimes Florencia Falkinhoff, Mickaël Bourgoin, Romain Volk, Jean-Lou Pierson, Lionel Gamet, Alexandre Ponomarenko Porous media are intrinsically multi-scale in nature, and we can therefore separate the velocity and pressure fields into a mean and a fluctuating component e.g.: u = <u>+ u’, allowing us to separate the small-scale effects -represented by the fluctuating components- and the larger scale effects by studying the averaged field. This averaged field is obtained by spatially smoothing the quantities involved in the fluid phase over a representative volume that involves both the fluid and solid phases, and some questions that naturally arise are: what is the appropriate size of the volume taken into account into the averaging process? and what are the limitations of the method for the different volumes? |
Thursday, March 17, 2022 5:48PM - 6:00PM |
W10.00015: Intrusion-extrusion of highly concentrated electrolyte solutions into nanoporous materials: Insights from Molecular Dynamics simulations Alberto Gubbiotti, Antonio Tinti, Gaia Camisasca, Yuriy Bushuev, Yaroslav Grosu, Alberto Giacomello Hydrophobic nanoporous materials hold promise for energy storage and dissipation applications. Water can be forced to intrude into the pores, storing energy that can be released during the extrusion process, which may occur at a different pressure [1]. The presence of dissolved salts dramatically influences intrusion and extrusion pressures. This has been related to an additional osmotic contribution which has to be overcome for the permeation of pure water into the material [2]. However, the intrusion and extrusion pressures are affected also by the type of ions in the solution [3], specially when the solution is highly concentrated. |
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