Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2022
Volume 67, Number 3
Monday–Friday, March 14–18, 2022; Chicago
Session B34: Hybrid/Macroscopic Quantum Systems, Optomechanics, and AMO Systems IIFocus Recordings Available
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Sponsoring Units: DAMOP DQI Room: McCormick Place W-193A |
Monday, March 14, 2022 11:30AM - 11:42AM |
B34.00001: High-Q bulk acoustic resonator for building long-lived Quantum Memory YANG HU, Angad Gupta, Mihir Khanna, Michael J Hatridge, Thomas Purdy Hybrid system coupling superconducting qubits and high-Q mechanical resonators can enhance coherence times and scalability. With a long phonon lifetime, the resonators can serve as information storage units. Here, we attempt to fabricate a quartz phononic cavity resonator with a high Q and small mode volume. Our resonator is a cuboid bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator suspended by 1-D chain phononic crystal tethers. The chain is designed so that the target mechanical mode lies within the band gap of the phononic crystal, localizing the mode in the central defect and effectively eliminating acoustic radiation losses. Our quartz-only chip will be flip-chip bonded to another chip which contains electrodes for piezoelectrically coupling phonons to a superconducting quantum microwave circuit. Our mechanical devices are designed with resonance frequencies around 100 MHz, much smaller than microwave qubit frequencies. These 10s of micron devices are much more robust to fabrication and intrinsic defects compared to submicron microwave phononic devices. We also believe that gearing down the frequency of our information storage will sustain longer lifetimes. The frequency mismatch between phonons and photons will eventually be addressed with a nonlinear microwave parametric converter. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 11:42AM - 11:54AM |
B34.00002: Incorporating single-photon readout in a MHz frequency mechanically-mediated electro-optic converter Luca Talamo, Maxwell D Urmey, Jonathan M Kindem, Sarang Mittal, Benjamin M Brubaker, Robert D Delaney, Kazemi Adachi, SHENG-XIANG LIN, Konrad Lehnert, Cindy A Regal Incorporating optical single-photon detection in electro-optic transduction schemes is a crucial component for discrete variable protocols operating between these two disparate electromagnetic regimes. In this talk, I will discuss recent progress towards incorporating optical photon detection capabilities in an electro-opto-mechanical converter, where both electrical and optical fields are parametrically coupled to a MHz frequency mechanical object. I will discuss how signals from our converter device are routed through a pump filtering system designed to suppress the MHz-detuned optical pump by 100 dB and into cryogenic superconducting nanowire single photon detectors with sub-hertz dark count rates. Readout chain performance will be characterized by its efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio of mechanically scattered photons. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 11:54AM - 12:06PM |
B34.00003: High impedance NbN resonators for piezo-optomechanical microwave to optical quantum transducers - Part 1 Steven Wood, Srujan Meesala, David Lake, Piero Chiappina, Andrew Beyer, Matthew Shaw, Oskar Painter Microwave-to-optical quantum transducers could enable large-scale quantum networking of superconducting quantum processors. The performance of such quantum transducers developed to date, however, is still far from the efficiency and noise level that would make this practical. Integrated piezo-optomechanical systems are a promising device technology for microwave-to-optical transduction. Nevertheless, current realizations are limited by optical absorption in the superconducting circuit. Motivated by fast quasiparticle relaxation in niobium nitride (NbN), we develop a process to integrate high impedance NbN resonators and silicon optomechanical crystals into a piezo-optomechanical transducer. We achieve high-Q microwave (1x104), optical (1.5x105) and acoustic (4x104) modes in our NbN on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. Our microwave resonator design provides 10% frequency tunability, essential for resonant interaction with acoustic modes. Further, the high impedance of ~10kΩ allows a transducer design with reduced piezo volume, and is expected to provide a 10x improvement in intrinsic transduction efficiency. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 12:06PM - 12:18PM |
B34.00004: High impedance NbN resonators for piezo-optomechanical microwave to optical quantum transducers - Part 2 Srujan Meesala, Steven Wood, David Lake, Piero Chiappina, Andrew Beyer, Matthew Shaw, Oskar Painter A chip-scale microwave (MW) to optical quantum transducer involves operation of a superconducting circuit in close proximity to an optical device carrying relatively high optical power. Towards a piezo-optomechanical transducer addressing this challenge, we study the performance of NbN high impedance resonators integrated with silicon optomechanical crystals (OMCs). Through MW testing of NbN resonators under optical pumping of the OMCs, we identify the relative strengths of various sources of scattered light. With our transducer geometry, we show sub-linewidth frequency shift and 0.4 added noise quanta in the MW resonator at a CW optical power corresponding to 900 intra-cavity photons in the OMC. This pump power is an order of magnitude above the level typically used to perform efficient phonon-photon transduction in our device, and is indicative of the robustness of the circuit to optical illumination. This is an important step towards a high repetition rate quantum transducer capable of bi-directional state transfer and entanglement generation between microwave and optical photons. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 12:18PM - 12:30PM |
B34.00005: Heterogeneous integration of high kinetic inductance resonator with thin-film lithium niobate nanomechanical resonators Sultan Malik, Wentao Jiang, Felix M Mayor, Rachel G Gruenke, Takuma Makihara, Kevin K Multani, Agnetta Y Cleland, Edward A Wollack, Patricio Arrangoiz-Arriola, Amir Safavi-Naeini Entering the strong coupling regime is an important step towards the quantum control of a system. In this work, we demonstrate coupling GHz nanomechanical resonators to frequency-tunable superconducting microwave resonators via cross-chip wire bond and flip-chip bump bond methods. By implementing galvanic contacts, which minimize parasitic capacitance and inductance, and tuning the microwave resonators with an external magnetic field, we observe a series of anti-crossings with the mechanical modes and report strong coupling strengths larger than 10 MHz at dilution fridge temperatures. The demonstrated multiple-chip architecture provides flexibility, simplified fabrication, and could potentially enable coupling between a vast variety of quantum systems such as spins with different host materials. Our work represents an important step towards a plug-and-play architecture for hybrid quantum systems. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 12:30PM - 12:42PM |
B34.00006: Sources of microwave loss and noise in an electro-optical converter Sarang Mittal, Kazemi Adachi, Benjamin M Brubaker, Maxwell D Urmey, Robert D Delaney, Luca Talamo, SHENG-XIANG LIN, Cindy A Regal, Konrad Lehnert A distributed network of superconducting circuits connected by low-loss optical fibers would improve quantum-enhanced computation and communication compared with isolated processors. The key element of this network is a microwave-to-optical converter, ideally with bidirectional high efficiency and minimal added noise. We use a SiN membrane mode simultaneously coupled to a superconducting LC circuit and optical Fabry-Perot cavity to realize our converter. Recent progress has been made to cool the mechanical mode to its motional ground state, but excess noise introduced from the microwave circuit inhibits quantum coherent conversion. Additionally, we find that the microwave loss has a strong positive correlation with circulating power and temperature of the superconducting circuit. Here, we will present efforts to investigate magnetic flux trapping and film quality as sources of the microwave loss and noise. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 12:42PM - 12:54PM |
B34.00007: Cryogenic measurements of millimeter-wave optomechanical circuits Bradley Hauer, Katarina Cicak, Florent Q Lecocq, Raymond W Simmonds, Jose Aumentado, John Teufel In the current paradigm of quantum cavity optomechanics, the relatively weak parametric coupling between an electromagnetic cavity and a mechanical resonator is mediated by an external pump. While this strong cavity drive acts to enhance the optomechanical interaction, it obscures its intrinsic nonlinearity, restricting these systems to bilinear operations on Gaussian states. By increasing this coupling so that it dominates the decoherence rates of the system, one could instead use the fundamental optomechanical nonlinearity to prepare the mechanical resonator into complex, non-Gaussian states. This has potential applications in quantum metrology, information, and tests of quantum mechanics itself. Here I will present our efforts towards reaching this regime using superconducting millimeter-wave optomechanical circuits. Based on previous microwave vacuum gap capacitor designs, these devices are optimized to enhance not only their optomechanical coupling, but also their intrinsic mechanical quality factors. I will present measurements of these millimeter-wave devices at dilution refrigerator temperatures using a waveguide-coupled cryogenic amplifier. These novel measurements of millimeter-wave optomechanical cavities demonstrate the first steps towards the ultimate goal of performing quantum-coherent control of mechanical motion at the single-photon level. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 12:54PM - 1:30PM |
B34.00008: Circuit QAD and quantum optomechanics with bulk acoustic wave resonators Invited Speaker: Yiwen Chu Bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators are mechanical oscillators that confine sound waves in a solid-state material. Due to their use in a wide range of classical devices, they have been engineered to exhibit high quality factors, and their interactions with electromagnetic fields have been extensively studied. Recently, BAW resonators have also rapidly developed into a promising platform for new quantum devices. In this talk, I will give an overview of our work on interfacing them with microwave frequency superconducting circuits and infrared frequency optics. I will present our demonstrations of the strong dispersive regime in a circuit quantum acousto-dynamics device and Brillouin cavity optomechanics at cryogenic temperatures. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 1:30PM - 1:42PM |
B34.00009: Optomechanical ground-state cooling in a continuous and efficient electro-optic transducer Maxwell D Urmey, Benjamin M Brubaker, Jonathan M Kindem, Sarang Mittal, Robert D Delaney, Peter S Burns, Luca Talamo, Kazemi Adachi, Michael R Vissers, Konrad Lehnert, Cindy A Regal Coherent transduction of quantum states between microwave and optical frequencies would allow interfacing distant superconducting quantum computers. Thermal noise from occupation of involved modes presents a challenge for all transduction platforms. In particular, for membrane-based electro-optomechanical transducers, occupation of the low-frequency intermediate mechanical mode has been a problematic contribution to the input-referred added noise. By performing motional sideband-asymmetry thermometry, we demonstrate ground-state cooling of the mechanical mode in such a transducer during continuous operation while maintaining high transduction efficiency. Furthermore, the microwave circuit is minimally affected by the optical pump, even at powers two orders of magnitude greater than that needed for ground-state cooling. Though we cool the mechanical mode to its ground state, microwave pump-induced noise on the superconducting circuit limits the transducer performance, preventing transduction with less than one photon/s/Hz of input-referred added noise. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 1:42PM - 1:54PM |
B34.00010: Microwave-to-optical quantum frequency conversion with thin-film lithium niobate on silicon-on-insulator piezo-optomechanics Wentao Jiang, Felix M Mayor, Sultan Malik, Raphael Van Laer, Rishi N Patel, Christopher J Sarabalis, Timothy McKenna, Kevin K Multani, Agnetta Y Cleland, Edward A Wollack, Patricio Arrangoiz-Arriola, Jeremy D Witmer, Amir Safavi-Naeini Interconnecting superconducting quantum processors is an important step towards large-scale quantum computing and the quantum internet. The cryogenic environment poses harsh challenges on the efficiency and scale of interconnections at microwave frequencies. Microwave-to-optical quantum frequency conversion enables the low loss telecommunication channels for potentially high bandwidth and long distance quantum links between superconducting qubits. This has motivated development of converters with low energy consumption and high efficiency for practical applications. Here we demonstrate our recent progress on the piezo-optomechanical approach of the microwave-to-optical quantum frequency conversion by combining state-of-the-art silicon optomechanics with thin-film lithium niobate piezoelectric resonators. We will present our design and fabrication of the converter, and characterization of the efficient piezo-optomechanical coupling and frequency conversion at room temperature and in dilution fridge environment. Our device paves the way towards low-energy, low-noise conversion between microwave and optical photons, as well as generation and manipulation of microwave quantum states using optical frequency quantum techniques. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 1:54PM - 2:06PM |
B34.00011: Reconfigurable quantum phononic circuits via piezo-acoustomechanical interactions Jeffrey C Taylor, Eric Chatterjee, William F Kindel, Daniel B Soh, Matt Eichenfield Phonons provide both direct and mediated interactions for quantum transduction. Augmenting these interactions with active phononic components would broaden the scope of quantum information processing functionalities. We investigate piezoelectric strain actuation of acoustomechanical interactions to design a phase shifting waveguide capable of reconfiguring a phononic circuit by tuning the speed of sound. This mechanism could be applied to a variety of acoustic materials; here we focus on the material platform of a cryogenic suspended Si phononic crystal membrane outfitted with ScxAl(1-x)N piezoelectric transducers. The finite element analysis of our waveguide demonstrates ±π phase shifts for GHz frequency phonons over a length scale of 10s of μm with 10s of volts applied. We employ this phase shifting element to design a phononic quantum memory that functions by dynamically reconfiguring the coupling to a high-Q phononic cavity using interference. We optimize the classical control fields on the actuators in the memory by employing the master equation for the full open quantum system, yielding a state transfer fidelity into the cavity for an exponentially decaying pulse that approaches 90%. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 2:06PM - 2:18PM |
B34.00012: Towards an efficient spin-photon interface based on tin-vacancy centres in diamond nanophotonic devices Matteo Pasini, Hans Beukers, Nina Codreanu, Julia M Brevoord, Christopher Waas, Lorenzo De Santis, Christian Primavera, Sarel Niese, Viatcheslav V Dobrovitski, Johannes Borregaard, Ronald Hanson Colour centres in diamond are promising candidates for the realisation of quantum network nodes, thanks to their good optical and spin coherence properties. High-precision quantum control over the NV centre has enabled milestone experiments in quantum science, but the NV’s susceptibility to charge noise hinders large-scale on-chip integration. The tin-vacancy (SnV) centre recently emerged as a resourceful alternative platform thanks to its improved optical properties, the second-long relaxation times expected around 1K and compatibility with nanophotonic integrated devices, thanks to the first-order insensitivity to electric field fluctuations arising from its symmetry properties. Together with the recent developments in diamond nanofabrication techniques and hybrid integrated photonics, this makes the SnV interesting for realising scalable platforms and on-chip devices. |
Monday, March 14, 2022 2:18PM - 2:30PM |
B34.00013: Dynamical Control in Cavity Electro-Optics Liu Qiu, Rishabh Sahu, William Hease, Georg Arnold, Johannes M Fink The development of quantum transducers for efficient, low-noise, and bidirectional microwave-optical frequency conversion has received wide interest over the last years, due to the emerging demands for long distance quantum links between localized quantum information in superconducting circuits. In this work, we show our recent results on the dynamical control of optical and microwave fields in the pulsed regime. The electro-optic (EO) device consists of a lithium niobate optical resonator coupled to a microwave cavity in the quantum regime. More specifically, we show the multimode electro-optic dynamics in the time domain, including electro-optically induced transparency/absorption of the optical field and dynamical backaction of the microwave field. Our system enables optical measurement and control of the microwave field, including laser cooling and microwave-optical entanglement generation. |
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