Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2021
Volume 66, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 15–19, 2021; Virtual; Time Zone: Central Daylight Time, USA
Session S09: Keithley Prize SessionInvited Live Prize/Award
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Sponsoring Units: GIMS Chair: Charles Agosta, Clark University |
Thursday, March 18, 2021 11:30AM - 12:06PM Live |
S09.00001: Characterizing many-body quantum processes Invited Speaker: Joel Wallman Many-body quantum processes can, in principle, require an exponential number of parameters to be described. However, on sufficiently short time scales physical processes typically admit a sparse description. In this talk, I will describe methods that can be used to efficiently reconstruct such sparse descriptions without a priori knowledge of the structure. |
Thursday, March 18, 2021 12:06PM - 12:42PM Live |
S09.00002: Joseph F. Keithley Award For Advances in Measurement Science (2021): Quantum Metrology Using Superconducting Parametric Amplifiers Invited Speaker: Irfan Siddiqi The superconducting Josephson tunnel junction is a unique circuit element, which behaves as a nonlinear inductance with vanishingly small dissipation when cooled to well below its critical temperature. When incorporated into a circuit topology where quantum bound states can be readily resolved and addressed, one obtains a quantum bit suitable for sensing, communication, and computation. In the opposite quasi-continuum limit, nonlinear oscillatory circuits can be constructed for three- and four-wave mixing with near-quantum-limited noise performance. Josephson junctions can be embedded within standing-wave cavities or traveling-wave architectures for enhanced interaction with an input microwave frequency signal, resulting in high-gain amplification. We describe the basic design principles of contemporary Josephson parametric amplifiers, discuss performance limits, and highlight quantum applications in state readout, real-time feedback, and weak measurement. |
Thursday, March 18, 2021 12:42PM - 1:18PM Live |
S09.00003: Keithly Award: Tests of quantum mechanics and gravitation with atom interferometry Invited Speaker: Mark Kasevich Atom interferometry is used to create spatial atomic wavepacket superpositions separated by distances as large as 0.5 m over time scales of greater than 2 seconds [1]. These superpositions are used to test the Principle of Equivalence at the 1e-12 g level by comparing the gravitationally induced phase shifts for 85Rb and 87Rb interferometers [2], and to observe the influence of gravitational tidal forces on atomic wavefunctions [3]. These experiments, and their implications for future scientific and technological applications, will be discussed. |
Thursday, March 18, 2021 1:18PM - 1:54PM Live |
S09.00004: The Heisenberg Limit to Laser Coherence Invited Speaker: Howard Wiseman To quantify quantum optical coherence requires both the particle- and wave-natures of light. For an ideal laser, it can be quantified by the number C, the number of photons emitted consecutively into the beam with roughly the same phase. For 60 years, C was thought to be on the order of the square of the photon number in the laser itself, O(μ2), for an ideal laser. Here, assuming nothing about the laser operation except that its inputs have negligible coherence, but making standard assumptions on the ideality of the laser beam, we prove that the ultimate (or Heisenberg) limit is C = O(μ4). The quantum measurement theory of heterodyne measurements and canonical phase measurements are central to this proof. Moreover, we find a laser model that can achieve this scaling, and show that, in principle, it could be realised with familiar physical couplings in cavity QED or circuit QED. This work has been published in Nature Physics (2020). DOI: 10.1038/s41567-020-01049-3 |
Thursday, March 18, 2021 1:54PM - 2:30PM Live |
S09.00005: Keithly Award: Challenges and opportunities for sensing with quantum states in semiconductors Invited Speaker: David Awschalom Quantum states in semiconductors based on dopants and defects have attracted significant interest as potential atomic-scale sensors with a wide range of applications. The electron spin associated with these localized states exhibits long-lived coherence persisting up to room temperature and has been utilized to precisely measure local strain, temperature, magnetic and electric fields [1]. Using scanning probe tips with embedded single spins to high-sensitivity spin ensemble sensors in bulk and nanoscale materials, the field is rapidly expanding into diverse areas including sensing in-vivo and in high pressure environments. We discuss these recent advances involving new defects and host materials, nanoparticle synthesis, optimization and advanced measurement techniques for sensing electric, magnetic, thermal fields and strain. We highlight the opportunities for sensing using these long-lived spin states with the mapping of photocurrents in 2D materials, alongside demonstrations of all-optical sensing and nanoscale NMR. As quantum sensing and imaging continue to mature, their remarkable combination of spatial resolution, versatility, and sensitivity may open new avenues of investigation across a wide range of disciplines. |
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