Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2021
Volume 66, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 15–19, 2021; Virtual; Time Zone: Central Daylight Time, USA
Session R10: Towards Realizing the Energy FutureInvited Live
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Sponsoring Units: GERA Chair: Maria Chan, Argonne National Laboratory |
Thursday, March 18, 2021 8:00AM - 8:36AM Live |
R10.00001: Vertical GaN Power Electronics - Opportunities and Challenges Invited Speaker: Robert Kaplar Tremendous progress has been made in wide-bandgap (WBG) power electronic devices. Most WBG devices today are based on silicon carbide (SiC) or gallium nitride (GaN). However, the most mature GaN-based power device, the high electron mobility transistor (HEMT), falls short of the full potential of GaN for several reasons: (1) internal stress due to the growth of thick buffer layers on non-native substrates; (2) the lateral architecture of the HEMT produces a non-ideal internal electric field distribution; and (3) avalanche ruggedness is lacking. GaN-based HEMTs are thus unacceptable for higher-voltage applications such as the electric grid and vehicle drivetrain electrification. In contrast to GaN HEMTs, vertical GaN power devices grown on native GaN substrates do not suffer from these shortcomings. However, materials challenges exist for vertical GaN, such as the quality of native substrates and the epitaxial growth of thick (tens of microns or more), low-doped (< 1016 cm-3 n-type) drift layers required for high breakdown voltage. Processing challenges also exist, such as the ability to selectively dope GaN and to activate buried p-layers. This talk will present progress in the design, fabrication, and evaluation of vertical GaN power devices. The fundamental material properties relevant for such devices will be discussed, including how they enable devices superior to those fabricated from other semiconductors. Challenges and progress associated with substrates and epitaxial growth will be covered, as will design trade-offs and processing challenges (including yield and reliability) for various types of power devices. |
Thursday, March 18, 2021 8:36AM - 9:12AM Live |
R10.00002: Three terminal tandem solar cells: from simulation to cells to strings Invited Speaker: Emily Warren Multi-junction solar cells provide a path to improved |
Thursday, March 18, 2021 9:12AM - 9:48AM Live |
R10.00003: Quantifying capacity losses due to solid-electrolyte interface formation Invited Speaker: Michael Toney Understanding the origins of failure and limited cycle life in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) requires quantitative linking capacity-fading mechanisms to electrochemical and chemical processes. This is challenging in real systems where capacity is lost during each cycle to both active material loss and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) evolution. In this talk, I will describe the model system-based approach that we have adopted that combines precision electrochemical measurements of the Coulombic efficiency (CE) and x-ray measurements of the SEI layer and active materials loss. By contrasting these independent quantities, we obtain insight into the SEI growth and evolution. I will discuss how we have used X-ray reflectivity (XRR) to obtain nanoscale insight into solid electrolyte interfaces (SEI) on model anode surfaces that implicate electrochemically formed LiF as playing a major functional role in the SEI. I will also describe how XRR tracks the thickness of a-Si thin films and when this is compared to the CE, we can quantify SEI growth over several cycles. The methodology we are adopting allows to quantitatively track the desirable and undesirable electrochemical processes. |
Thursday, March 18, 2021 9:48AM - 10:24AM Live |
R10.00004: Fundamental insights into the transport of lithium for the design of novel cathode materials and solid state conductors. Invited Speaker: Gerbrand Ceder The world is going electric. The growth of electrochemical energy storage is projected to reach several TWh of annual production by 2030, driven by electrification of the automotive market and penetration of electrical energy storage into the grid. I will discuss the scientific challenges with two new materials technologies that will drive this electrification: solid state batteries, and novel cation-disordered rocksalt cathodes. |
Thursday, March 18, 2021 10:24AM - 11:00AM Live |
R10.00005: Science for Energy Invited Speaker: Harriet Kung The 21st century brings with it staggering challenges for more advanced energy technologies that are abundant, clean, and economical. Transforming the ways we generate, supply, transmit, store, and use energy are the paramount opportunities for the world in the coming decades. To convert sunlight to fuel, efficiently store energy, or enable a new generation of energy production and utilization technologies requires the development of new materials and processes of unprecedented functionality and performance. This talk will provide an overview of DOE’s Office of Science programs with an emphasis on the support of a new paradigm of innovations aimed at laying the foundation for major energy technology breakthroughs. |
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