Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2021
Volume 66, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 15–19, 2021; Virtual; Time Zone: Central Daylight Time, USA
Session P27: Cold Molecules and New AMO TechniquesLive
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Sponsoring Units: DAMOP Chair: Sebastian Will, Columbia Univ |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 3:00PM - 3:12PM Live |
P27.00001: On the formation of van der Waals molecules in a buffer gas cell Marjan Mirahmadi, Jesus Perez Rios In this work, we study the formation of weakly bound van der Waals molecules X-RG (where RG is the rare gas atom) through direct three-body recombination collisions, i.e., X+ X + RG → X-RG + X. In particular, the three-body recombination rate for temperatures relevant for buffer gas cell experiments is calculated via a classical trajectory method in hyperspherical coordinates [J. Chem. Phys. 140, 044307 (2014)]. As a result, it is found that the formation of van der Waals molecules in buffer gas cells (1 ≤ T ≤ 10 K) is dominated by the long-range tail (distances larger than the LeRoy radius) of the X-RG interaction. However, for higher temperatures, the potential short-range region starts to play a more relevant role. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 3:12PM - 3:24PM Live |
P27.00002: Spectroscopy for Laser Cooling and Trapping of AlCl John Daniel, Chen Wang, Taylor Lewis, Alexander Teplukhin, Brian Kendrick, Chris Bardeen, Shan-Wen Tsai, Boerge Hemmerling Cooling atoms to the ultracold regime has allowed for studies of physics, ranging from many-body physics of quantum degenerate gases, quantum computing, precision measurements and tests of fundamental symmetries. Extending these experiments to polar molecules has the prospect of enhancing the sensitivity of such tests and of enabling novel studies, such as cold controlled chemistry. However, applying traditional laser cooling techniques to molecules is rendered difficult due to their additional degrees of freedom which result in a limited photon scattering budget. Here we study aluminum monochloride (AlCl) as a promising candidate for laser cooling and trapping. We use a frequency-tripled (SHG + SFG) Titanium-Sapphire laser and generate AlCl via laser ablation of AlCl3 in a cryogenic helium buffer gas beam source. We discuss our spectroscopy measurements of the laser cooling line, our experimental estimates for the Franck-Condon factor of the ν = 0 → ν’ = 0 transition and ab-intio calculations of the potential energy surfaces of the X1Σ+ and A1Π states. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 3:24PM - 3:36PM Live |
P27.00003: Towards laser cooling of aluminum monofluoride (AlF) molecules Simon Hofsaess, Maximilian Josef Doppelbauer, Sebastian Kray, Boris Sartakov, Jesús Pérez-Ríos, Gerard Meijer, Stefan Truppe We have recently identified the aluminum monofluoride (AlF) molecule as an excellent candidate for laser cooling and trapping at high densities, measured the detailed energy level structure of the electronic states relevant for these processes and analyzed possible loss channels from the cycling transition. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 3:36PM - 3:48PM Live |
P27.00004: A bright and fast source of coherent single photons Natasha Tomm, Alisa Javadi, Nadia Antoniadis, Daniel Najer, Matthias C. Löbl, Alexander R. Korsch, Rüdiger Schott, Sascha Valentin, Andreas D. Wieck, Arne Ludwig, Richard J. Warburton Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are potentially ideal emitters for realizing on-demand sources of indistinguishable single photons due to their large optical dipole moment and the low noise of the host material. A key challenge is to extract the photons and couple them efficiently into a single-mode optical fibre. So far end-to-end efficiency in such systems is low, restricting applications in single-photon-based quantum technologies. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 3:48PM - 4:00PM Live |
P27.00005: Artificial coherent states of light from a single photon stream Petr Steindl, H. Snijders, G. Westra, E. Hissink, K. Iakovlev, Stefano Polla, Johnathon A Frey, J. Norman, Arthur C Gossard, John Edward Bowers, Dirk Bouwmeester, Wolfgang Löffler Coherent optical states consist of a large quantum superposition of different photon number (Fock) states, but because they do not form an orthogonal basis, no photon number states can be obtained from it by linear optics. Here we demonstrate the reverse, by manipulating a random continuous single photon stream using quantum interference in an optical Sagnac loop, we show that artificial quantum states of light can be obtained with tunable photon statistics, including approximately coherent states. We demonstrate this experimentally using a true single photon stream produced by a semiconductor quantum dot in an optical micro cavity, and show that we can obtain light with coherent photon statistics in agreement with our theory, which can only be explained by quantum interference of 3 or more photons. The produced artificial light states are, however, much more complex than coherent states, containing quantum entanglement of photons at different times, making them a resource for photonic quantum information. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 4:00PM - 4:12PM Live |
P27.00006: Diatomic Ions: New Candidates For Laser Cooling Pawel Wojcik, Anna I. Krylov Trapped ions form Coulomb crystals, where couplings between phonons and ions' internal degrees of freedom are extensively used in quantum technologies. In contrast to other cold and ultracold species, diatomic ions support not only electric charge but also permanent electric dipole moment, and as molecules, they host rotational and vibrational degrees of freedom. This wealth of quantum states appeals for applications in physics and quantum information. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 4:12PM - 4:24PM Live |
P27.00007: Circulation transfer in adjacent ring Bose-Einstein condensates Charles Brantley Henry, Stephen G Thomas, Robert Sapp, Andrew Smith, Thomas Bland, Nick Proukakis, Alexander Yakimenko, O. Chelpanova, I. Yatsuta, A. Oliinyk, Charles W Clark, Mark Edwards We have studied the possibility of transferring circulation between two adjacent ring Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) by applying a barrier potential along the line joining the centers of the ring potentials. Two BECs are created next to each other and circulation is induced in one of them by phase imprint. A radial barrier potential is then applied to create a low-density channel between the interiors of the two ring BECs. This can, in principle, enable a vortex trapped in the circulating ring BEC to migrate to the other condensate interior. This should cause the flow to transfer from one condensate to the other. We have simulated this procedure using the 2D and 3D Gross-Pitaevskii equations with dissipation. We have also simulated this system with the ZNG model to investigate the effectiveness of a thermal cloud as a dissipation mechanism. This system can be used for acceleration and rotation sensing. As part of an array of ring BECs it can be used for quantum information applications. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 4:24PM - 4:36PM Live |
P27.00008: Single-photon frequency manipulation with an atom under external ultrastrong driving Han Xiao, Luojia Wang, Luqi Yuan, Xianfeng Chen The manipulation of light-matter interaction at the single-photon level in the field of waveguide QED is essential in quantum photonics and attracts growing recent interest. Here, we propose a theoretical scheme to achieve all-optical single-photon frequency manipulation with the quantum transport in an atom-waveguide coupled system, where an external field strongly drives two excited states of the V-type three-level atom. Such ultrastrong drive field breaks the rotating-wave approximation. We investigate the quantum interference characteristics including virtual transitions with the single-photon quantum transport, and further explore the possibilities for manipulating the single-photon quantum state by the drive field in the spectral domain [1]. Our work shows potential route towards all-optical spectral manipulation of the photon, which could be important for the quantum information processing. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 4:36PM - 4:48PM Live |
P27.00009: Strained Silicon Nanomechanics Alberto Beccari, Nils Johan Engelsen, Sergey Fedorov, Mohammadjafar Bereyhi, Tobias J. Kippenberg Dissipation dilution is routinely employed to suppress loss in nanomechanical resonators; however, the effect has been applied to a limited class of materials, notably the amorphous glass Si3N4. Crystalline thin films are an attractive alternative, due to their prospects of high intrinsic strain and lower material friction. Here, we demonstrate that single crystal strained silicon, a material developed for implementing high mobility transistors, can be used to realize mechanical resonators with extremely low dissipation, leveraging dissipation dilution and soft-clamping. High aspect ratio nanostrings support MHz mechanical modes with Q exceeding 108 at room temperature and 109 at 10 K, on par with state-of-the-art implementations in Si3N4. These observations show the value of strained silicon as a platform for implementing nanomechanical oscillators with low mass and high sensitivity. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 4:48PM - 5:00PM Live |
P27.00010: Tip Nano-Cavity Control, Imaging, and Spectroscopy of Infrared Polaritonic Heterostructures Samuel C. Johnson, Nish Nookala, John F Klem, Igal Brener, Mikhail A Belkin, Markus Raschke Infrared polaritonic heterostuctures based on a multi-quantum-well intersubband transition coupled to a gold antenna exhibit record-high nonlinear optical responses and optical power limiting behavior. However, the collective response of an ensemble of these structures are limited to static passive performance depending on fabrication parameters. Here, we use broadband and ultrafast infrared nano-probe imaging and spectroscopy of single antenna quantum well heterostructures to actively tune quantum-well saturation, coupling strength, and quantum path interference through manipulation of the nanocavity mode volume between the tip and sample. We show how the tip acts as coupled antenna resonator and how the tip-sample nano-cavity enhances far-field coupling to control photon emission, electric field orientation, and nanoscopic field heterogeneity. We further extend our previous picosecond laser far-field optical power limiting and pump-probe characterization to probe and control the ultrafast near-field optical response, where the positioning of the tip, polarization of incident light, and sample orientation can be tuned to give quantum state hybridization control and to perform qubit phase rotation operations. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 5:00PM - 5:12PM Live |
P27.00011: Towards observation of radiation pressure shot noise at acoustic frequencies Christian Pluchar, Aman Agrawal, Dalziel Wilson Radiation pressure shot noise (RPSN) fundamentally limits optical displacement measurements but is also a resource for generating optomechanical quantum correlations. We have built a device which consists of an ultra-high-Q silicon nitride “trampoline” resonator placed inside a high finesse optical cavity, designed to detect RPSN at 1 – 100 kHz. Observing RPSN in this frequency band is interesting for a variety of “quantum sensing" applications, as well as searches for fundamental weak signals such as ultralight dark matter. I will discuss the challenges we’ve faced in attempting to observe RPSN with this system at room temperature, including the large thermal motion of the resonator, degradation of the mechanical Q, and laser noise, along with the device’s prospects as a quantum-enhanced accelerometer. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 5:12PM - 5:24PM Live |
P27.00012: Optimized Observable Readout from Single-shot Images of Ultracold Atoms via Machine Learning Paolo Molignini, Axel U. J. Lode, Rui Lin, Miriam Büttner, Luca Papariello, Camille Leveque, Chitra Ramasubramanian, Marios Tsatsos, Dieter Jaksch Single-shot images are the standard readout of experiments with ultracold atoms – the tarnished looking glass into their many-body physics. The efficient extraction of observables from single- shot images is thus crucial. Here, we demonstrate how artificial neural networks can optimize this extraction. In contrast to standard averaging approaches, machine learning allows both one- and two-particle densities to be accurately obtained from a drastically reduced number of single-shot images. Quantum fluctuations and correlations are directly harnessed to obtain physical observables for bosons in a tilted double-well potential at an unprecedented accuracy. Strikingly, machine learning also enables a reliable extraction of momentum-space observables from real-space single- shot images and vice versa. This obviates the need for a reconfiguration of the experimental setup between in-situ and time-of-flight imaging, thus potentially granting an outstanding reduction in resources. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 5:24PM - 5:36PM Live |
P27.00013: The TMO Instrument: Opportunities and Plans for Time-resolved Atomic, Molecular and Optical Science at LCLS-II Peter Walter, James P Cryan, Ryan N Coffee, Ming-Fu Lin, Thomas J. A. Wolf The new designed Time-resolved Atomic, Molecular and Optical Science end station, will be configured to take full advantage of both the high per pulse energy from the copper accelerator (120 Hz) as well as high average intensity and high repetition rate (1 MHz) from the superconducting accelerator. TMO will support many experimental techniques not currently available at LCLS and will have two X-ray beam focus spots. Thereby, TMO will support AMO science, strong-field and nonlinear science and a new dynamic reaction microscope. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 5:36PM - 5:48PM On Demand |
P27.00014: Statistical quantum mechanical approach to diatom–diatom capture dynamics and application to ultracold KRb + KRb reaction Dongzheng Yang, Jing Huang, Xixi Hu, Daiqian Xie, Hua Guo A general and rigorous quantum method is proposed for studying capture dynamics between two diatomic molecules in full dimensionality. By solving the time-independent Schrödinger equation with proper boundary conditions, this method is ideally suited for studying quantum dynamics of cold and ultracold reactions. To illustrate its applicability, the capture dynamics between ultracold KRb molecules is characterized in full six dimensions for the first time using a first-principles based long-range interaction potential. The calculated capture rates for collisions involving distinguishable and indistinguishable 40K87Rb molecules are in good agreement with the experiment and exhibit clear Wigner threshold behaviors. Predictions for ultracold collisions between internally excited 40K87Rb suggest minor changes in the loss rate, consistent with experimental observations in similar systems. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 5:48PM - 6:00PM Not Participating |
P27.00015: Upgrades for the Search for the Radium Electric Dipole Moment Roy Ready Permanent atomic electric dipole moments (EDMs) violate parity (P), time reversal (T), and combined charge-conjugation and parity transformation (CP) under CPT symmetry. Radium-225 is expected to have an enhanced EDM because its nucleus is octupole-deformed. In the Ra EDM experiment, atoms are vaporized, slowed, and trapped between two high voltage electrodes. For the imminent second-generation measurements, we increased the applied electric field by discharge-conditioning a pair of large-grain niobium electrodes. The new electrodes and several complementary upgrades will help improve our experimental sensitivity by more than two orders of magnitude. Additionally, the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) will be capable of producing Radium-225 when it is fully operational. To characterize the harvesting efficiency of FRIB radium isotopes for an EDM experiment, we are developing a laser induced fluorescence measurement that will count stable, surrogate atoms emitted from an FRIB-prepared oven. |
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