Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2021
Volume 66, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 15–19, 2021; Virtual; Time Zone: Central Daylight Time, USA
Session M59: Applications for Nano, Bio, and Flexible TechnologyLive
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Sponsoring Units: FIAP Chair: Joshua Caldwell, Vanderbilt Univ |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 11:30AM - 11:42AM Live |
M59.00001: Expanding Bandwidth through Coupled Silicon and Hyperbolic Waveguides in the Near- and Mid-Infrared Mingze He, Sami Halimi, Thomas G Folland, Sai Sunku, Song Liu, James Edgar, Dmitri Basov, Sharon Weiss, Joshua Caldwell Silicon photonics has enabled large-scale manipulation and processing of optical signals on chip-based architectures. Yet, there is significant desire to expand the operational bandwidth of such integrated systems. While one solution is to spatially multiplex channels operating at the same frequency, an alternative is to expand existing architectures by integrating waveguides that operate at different frequencies within the same form factor. To realize this, the modal wavelength in each waveguide should be closely matched for effective confinement. Here, we integrate hyperbolic phonon polariton (HPhP) waveguides within a slab of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) onto a silicon photonics platform, enabling dual-band operation at both telecom (1.55 µm) and mid-infrared (6.1-7.4 µm) frequencies simultaneously. Dual band operation is demonstrated as the deeply sub-diffractional, volume-confined nature of HPhPs allows the polariton wavelength to be designed to directly match that of the silicon waveguide, yet operate at drastically different operational frequencies. This eliminates potential challenges from modal cross-talk, with the index contrast between the silicon waveguide and surrounding air sufficient to induce waveguiding of the HPhPs in the hBN without patterning. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 11:42AM - 11:54AM Live |
M59.00002: Designing quantum states in two-dimensional systems by reconfiguring local magnetic proximity fields Siphiwo Dlamini, Alex Matos Abiague We theoretically investigate the effects of local, magnetic proximity fields generated by arrays of magnetic nanopillars (MNs) next to two-dimensional (2D) systems such as semiconductor quantum wells and 2D van der Waals crystals. The magnetic landscape generated by the MNs can be reconfigured on the nanometer scale by electrically switching the magnetic state of individual nanopillars. The interaction of carriers’ spin with the magnetic proximity field leads to sizable changes in the local density of states and transport properties of the adjacent 2D system. Furthermore, the local magnetic proximity fields can also induce the formation of new quantum states in the 2D system, enabling the magnetic control and manipulation of quantum states. The versatile functionalities of the proposed system could be used for designing novel quantum and spintronic devices. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 11:54AM - 12:06PM Live |
M59.00003: Cold source FET with 2D TMDs type III band aligned heterojunctions shujin Guo, Qing Shi, Chen Hu, Hong Guo Cold source filed-effect-transistor (CSFET) is a FET system with Sub-60 mV/dec subthreshold swing, achieved by introducing a bandgap at the FET source that cuts down thermal carriers in the off-state. In this work, CSFET with two-dimensional (2D) type-III band aligned WTe2/HfS2 heterojunction is investigated by using first-principles quantum transport simulations. Different from previous CSFETs based on p-M-n junction (p-type Si, a thin metal and a n-type Si) where a Schottky contact barrier issue is of concern, the proposed WTe2/HfS2 heterojunction has the advantage of type III band alignment with sharp potential edges, a key to realize a cold source. The transport characteristics of 2D WTe2/HfS2 CSEFT are demonstrated. 2D WTe2/HfS2 heterostructure can be doped to adjust the band alignment and produces high on-state current. This study provides designing guidance to nanoelectronic device optimization of CSFET. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 12:06PM - 12:18PM Live |
M59.00004: Photoswithchable upconverting nanoparticles Changhwan Lee, Emma Xu, Sang Hwan Nam, Yung Doug Suh, Bruce Cohen, Emory Chan, P. James Schuck Photoswitchable fluorescent markers including flurorescent proteins, organic fluorophores, and synthetic photoswitches are workhorses of advanced super-resolution microscopy techniques and has a great potential for a variety of application in optoelectronic logic devices and nanoscale optical memory. Although a plenty of novel photoswitchable molecules or nanoparticles has been developed, photobleaching over multiple cycles, UV light required for activation, or low photostability in water limit the application of these markders, especially in biology. Here, we report photoswitching and blinking behaviors of lanthanide-doped nanocrystal under irradiation in the NIR I and II transparent window which can penetrate deeper in tissue without severe photodamage compared to visible and UV light. We showed this photoswitching of nanocrystals can be repeated over 1000 cycles without significant photobleaching. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 12:18PM - 12:30PM Live |
M59.00005: Green Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Water Treatment Yohannes Getahun, Ahmed A El-Gendy Widely used water treatment methods are based on chemicals that leave residual unwanted impurities, instigating long-term health impacts. Hence, functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been used to fill those gaps and are commonly used for metallic adsorption in contaminated waters. High surface to volume ratio in MNPs allows larger capacity of pollutant adsorption. In this study, we synthesized functionalized iron oxide MNPs by novel green approach using plants, suitable for absorbing inorganic and organic pollutants. Herein, we studied the synthesis and functionalization of particles by extracts from simple maceration. Alkaline solutions and further heat treatments are employed to form the MNPs. XRD results showed formation of cubic Fe phase structure with amorphous character due to excessive organic components, which also reduced their magnetic property. Our nanoparticles have ferromagnetic behavior with Ms =13.09 emu/g and HC=0 Oe. Further investigations for the morphology, adsorption, and biological activity are in progress to test the feasibility of our MNPs for water treatment. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 12:30PM - 12:42PM Live |
M59.00006: Quantitative evaluation of thermoelectric characteristics of small-molecule organic semiconductors based on electronic structure calculations Masahiro Ohno, Koji Shimizu, Satoshi Watanabe Organic thermoelectric materials have attracted much attention as prominent candidates for flexible power generators. However, molecular design strategies are not well established. Targeting this problem, we propose a calculation method for quantitative evaluation of thermoelectric properties of organic semiconductors (OSCs) which facilitates the exploration of novel organic thermoelectrics. Ohno (one of the present authors) and his collaborators have shown that the Seebeck coefficients of crystalline OSCs can be calculated from the DOS measured experimentally using the Mott formula[1], so we evaluated effective DOS of bulk OSCs. By conducting classical molecular dynamics simulations followed by electronic structure calculation, the thermally induced structural fluctuation was taken into account and the DOS of bulk crystal was well approximated. The values of Seebeck coefficients estimated from DOS were 0.26 mV/K for pentacene and 0.17 mV/K for rubrene. These values agree quantitatively with experimental results[2]. In the presentation, relationships between structures and thermoelectric properties will also be discussed in depth. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 12:42PM - 12:54PM Live |
M59.00007: Probing ultrafast dynamics in aqueous pyrazine solution using liquid microjet based time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy Md Sabbir Ahsan, Iain Wilkinson An aqueous environment plays an important role in chemical and energy transfer process in biological, environmental and energy science. Pyrazine has been studied extensively in the gas phase showing rich photo physiochemical properties. Because of the high solubility and high photo absorption cross-section, pyrazine is an ideal candidate to probe changes in electronic structure and associated ultrafast chemical dynamics in aqueous solution. The experiment was performed using low intensity 266 nm pump pulses to directly access the photoexcited S2 state under conditions that suppress any multi-photon ionization-induced space charge effects. The ground and excited states were simultaneously photoexcited using 32 nm ultrashort extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pulses. Due to electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding in the aqueous solution, the ultrafast dynamics are modified compared to gas phase pyrazine. Our preliminary results indicate that on initial ultrafast internal conversion occurs in 81 ± 10 fs. Subsequent electron transitions proceed on 450 ± 90 fs and 80 ± 20 ps timescales. In this talk, the electronic energetics and associated ultrafast relaxation mechanism of aqueous pyrazine will be presented and compared to corresponding gas-phase results. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 12:54PM - 1:06PM Live |
M59.00008: Direct biomolecules conjugation electrochemical probe development by active palladium nano-thin-film nano-structure for cancer and virus development Chia-Ching Chang, Chia-Yu Chang, Yi-Xiang Lu Electrochemical sensor has been recognized as a rapid and sensitive approach for biosensing. The specific functional molecules were conjugated to the working electrodes played the vital role for biosensing. Conventional bioconjugation needed complicated process. Here, we have developed an ITO protected Pd nano-thin-film which was coated on the PET substrate probe (Pd NTF-PET). XDR and SEM studies indicated that the Pd surface contains (1,1,1) structure, nano-islands on the Pd surface. These indicated that the film growth might follow Stranski-Krastanov model. These nanostructures made bio-molecules which bound to the working electrodes directly. EIS analysis indicated that both cancer marker or virus binding proteins were immobilized on the Pd NTF-PET electrodes directly, within 15-30 mins. The limit of detection (LOD) of these biosensors was as low as 0.1 ng per-test in 1 µl. In summary, we have developed a stable and surface active Pd NTF-PET electrode with unique functional structure, for biosensing applications. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 1:06PM - 1:18PM Live |
M59.00009: Target DNA detection by solid-state nanopores using gold nanoparticle probes Rena Akahori, Keiko Esashika, Itaru Yanagi, Saiki Toshiharu To achieve target DNA detection with nanopores, the labeling of target DNA with large probes and the detection of its passage through a nanopore were examined. We labeled the target DNA with two gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The surface of each AuNP was modified with a different single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecule having a complementary sequence for a different part of the target DNA so that the two AuNPs could capture the one target DNA molecule1). The observed ionic-current blockade when a AuNP-labeled target DNA was passing through a nanopore was significantly larger than that in the case of non-labeled DNA or a single AuNP probe. In addition, the value for ionic-current blockade during the passage of AuNP-labeled target DNA through the nanopores could be quantitatively explained by numerical analysis. These results confirmed that the presence of the target DNA in solution could be detected through nanopore measurements with the two AuNP probes. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 1:18PM - 1:30PM Live |
M59.00010: Study of Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling in 2D and 3D Lead Iodide Perovskites Minh Pham, Eric Amerling, Hoang M Luong, Huy Thanh Pham, George Larsen, Luisa Whittaker-Brooks, Tho Nguyen We studied spin dynamics of charge carriers in the superlattice-like Ruddlesden-Popper hybrid lead iodide perovskite semiconductors, 2D (BA)2(MA)Pb2I7, and 3D MAPbI3 using the magnetic field effect (MFE) on conductivity and electroluminescence in their light-emitting diodes (LEDs) at cryogenic temperatures. The semiconductors with distinct structural/bulk inversion symmetry breaking, when combined with colossal intrinsic spin-orbit coupling (SOC), give rise to giant Rashba-type SOC. We found that the magneto-conductance (MC) magnitude increases monotonically with the emission intensity and saturates at ≈ 0.05% and 0.11% for the MAPbI3 and (BA)2(MA)Pb2I7, respectively. The magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) response with similar line shapes as the MC response has a significantly larger magnitude and essentially stays constant at ≈ 0.22% and ≈ 0.20% for MAPbI3 and (BA)2(MA)Pb2I7, respectively. The sign and magnitude of the MC and MEL responses can be quantitatively explained in the framework of the Δg-based excitonic model using rate equations. Remarkably, the width of the MEL response in those materials linearly increases with increasing the applied electric field, where the Rashba coefficient in (BA)2(MA)Pb2I7 is estimated to be about 7 times larger than that in MAPbI3. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 1:30PM - 1:42PM Live |
M59.00011: First-Principles Investigation of Selective Gas Sensing Property of Two-Dimensional 1T-HfTe2 Dwaipayan Chakraborty, Priya Johari In the current era of sustainable development, gas sensors are of utmost importance in areas like environment monitoring, industry, agriculture, medicine, space missions, security, etc. To meet the needs, there are critical requirements for new generation sensor materials which can rapidly detect gas molecules at very low concentrations with minimal power consumption. In this regard, 2D materials are the natural candidates for the next generation sensors due to the ultra-large surface to volume ratio, and thereby, higher interaction with the surface dopants, higher conductivity in the surface, etc. With these motivations, we here explored the potentiality of 2D 1T-HfTe2 as a gas sensor. In this work, we explored the interactions and charge transfer of toxic CO, CO2, NO, NO2, and NH3 gases with HfTe2 sheet by standard DFT calculations and also studied the I-V response of the 2D sheet before and after adsorption of these toxic gases by NEGF (Non-Equilibrium Green's Function) method. The effect of different environmental gases on sensing has also been examined. Our result shows that semi-metallic HfTe2 sheet can be effectively used as a resistive sensor to detect NO gas for which it has the 'high sensitivity bias window' at very low voltage. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 1:42PM - 1:54PM Not Participating |
M59.00012: Plasmonic Nanoparticle Sensitization of Colorimetric Sensing Dyes Joseph Plumitallo, Jin Ho Kim, Silverio Johnson, Mark Yu, Stephen Giardini, Sean Dinneen, Richard Osgood, Jimmy Xu Sensors based on spectral shaping indicate the detection of analytes by color changes. They are highly sensitive, selective, rugged, reversible, non-toxic, and tout a low-cost and easy fabrication process. As competitive options for environmental sensing, they can detect analytes in a gaseous mixture at concentrations as low as a few parts per million (ppm). However, even this sensitivity can be insufficient, for example, when monitoring highly toxic analytes such as lead, which should not exceed concentrations of 15 ppb in drinking water. Plasmonic nanoparticles added to sensing dyes can increase sensitivity via Mie scattering. Incident light carrying the (nanoparticle) plasmonic frequency drives electrons into oscillations, and at resonance, rapid dipole oscillations generate strong fields which coherently interact with the incident wave to effectively collect much more light than the nanoparticle’s physical size. Thus, absorption by the surrounding dye is enhanced and a portion is scattered elsewhere, thereby increasing the path length of light in the dye. As light is better absorbed, the color is better changed, and the sensitivity is increased. In this presentation we will unpack these ideas applied to colorimetric sensors. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 1:54PM - 2:06PM Live |
M59.00013: Single-Molecule Characterization of Gold Nanoparticle Bioconjugates with Rabbit IgG and EGFR Antibodies using Microwell Array Analysis Mohammad Abdul-Moqueet, Jerzy Nowakowski, Kathryn Mayer The use of nanoparticle bioconjugates (NBCs) as targeting and drug delivery vehicles is a growing area of research. A microwell-array based method has been developed to characterize NBCs at the single-particle level, in order to understand their surface chemistry and drive optimization of their preparation. Gold bipyramid nanoparticles are synthesized and functionalized with an alkanethiol self-assembled-monolayer (SAM). The nanoparticles are then bioconjugated with Rabbit IgG and Mouse EGFR complexes. . To test antibody-antigen interactions, the NBCs were exposed to corresponding antibodies, Goat Anti-Rabbit and Rat Anti-Mouse IgG respectively, labeled with horseradish peroxidase enzymes. Microwell arrays were loaded with the NBCs such that only that a small number of wells are occupied, along with fluorogenic substrate Amplex Red. The resulting intensity of the fluorescence in each microwell reflects the number of enzyme-labeled antibodies bound to the surface of the nanoparticle. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 2:06PM - 2:18PM Live |
M59.00014: Engineering surface forces to enable large-area fabrication of two-dimensional material heterostructures Peter Satterthwaite, Weikun Zhu, Patricia Jastrzebska-Perfect, Hongze Gao, Hikari Kitadai, Xi Ling, Farnaz Niroui Two-dimensional (2D) materials and their heterostructures have emerged as a leading platform for next-generation devices with unique functionalities. Fabricating such heterostructures from synthetically grown 2D materials can allow higher scalability, however a transfer process is typically needed to place the 2D materials on desired surfaces. This process often involves a sacrificial carrier layer and can introduce contaminants, mechanical defects and degrade the properties of both the 2D material and the substrate. An alternative fabrication technique that allows for clean and large-area integration of 2D materials with diverse material systems is essential. In this talk we show that by engineering surface forces we can achieve such a clean transfer for both graphene and transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers, without the need for a sacrificial layer. Combining this nanoscale surface engineering with aligned transfer printing, we demonstrate large-area, dry transfer of patterned 2D materials with near-unity yield. Utilizing this technique, we further realize structures that are difficult to fabricate using conventional transfers, including 2D materials integrated with atomically flat metal surfaces, molecular layers for deterministic doping, and suspended structures. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 2:18PM - 2:30PM On Demand |
M59.00015: Examining the Performance in Low-Power Flexible OFETs: An Energetics Perspective Yogesh Yadav, Samarendra Pratap Singh Flexible electronics is the future of the consumer electronics industry. It is finding its way into consumer appliances such as TVs and smart wearable devices, along with niche applications such as biosensors. Although flexible devices in research labs are exhibiting promising performances, it tends to fall short of the performance shown by the devices fabricated on solid substrates.1 We examine the shortcomings of the flexible organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) from an energetics point of view. OFETs with four configurations Glass(or PET)/ITO/ZrO2(or Ta2O5)/PBTTT/Au are fabricated in ambient conditions using solution-processed organic semiconductor PBTTT-C14. The devices show high performance and <1V operation. The trap-density of states (trap-DOS) is calculated using Geiger’s modified Grünewald’s method.2 It is observed that the lower performance in flexible devices is correlated with higher trap-DOS at the dielectric/semiconductor interface. This understanding paves a way for further improvements in flexible devices. |
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