Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2021
Volume 66, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 15–19, 2021; Virtual; Time Zone: Central Daylight Time, USA
Session J06: Physics of Bio-inspired MaterialsFocus Live
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Sponsoring Units: DSOFT DBIO DPOLY Chair: Ling Li, Virginia Tech Room: 06 |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 3:00PM - 3:36PM Live |
J06.00001: Materials Physics for Latch-Mediated Spring Actuation (LaMSA) Invited Speaker: Alfred Crosby Nature is masterful at using limited components and basic driving forces to achieve complex tasks across a broad range of size scales. Remarkable examples include organisms, such as mantis shrimp and trap-jaw ants, which use Latch-Mediated Spring Actuation (LaMSA) to achieve high power, impulsive movements. These systems use actuators to store energy in spring elements through latch engagement. Upon release, the springs recoil at high rates, giving rise to impressive predatorial, escape, and dispersal movements. The enabling materials rely upon integrated phases to provide internal transport, energy storage, efficient recovery, protective dissipation, and real-time control. Here, we identify underlying principles of LaMSA systems, focusing on physics that define enabling structures-property relationships. We establish scaling relationships to decouple materials and geometric contributions to LaMSA systems and demonstrate understanding through reduced physical models. From these lessons, we develop materials systems, including metamaterials and polymer gels, with advanced performance capabilities. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 3:36PM - 3:48PM Live |
J06.00002: Mechanical Response of Bio-Inspired Suture Interface under Dynamic Loading Richard Nash, Yaning Li Biological suture interfaces are prevalent in various species in nature. Through mechanical modeling and experiments, it was found that the zigzag suture morphology is one key feature to maximize the overall strength and minimize the weight in resisting static mechanical loads. However, in different biological systems, the sutures often carry both static and dynamic loads. It is not well understood how the sutures respond to dynamic loading. Sudden dynamic loading scenarios often lead to undesirable mechanical responses and cause catastrophic failure. It is critical to study the mechanical behaviors of sutures under dynamic loads and reveal the mechanics behind them. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 3:48PM - 4:00PM Live |
J06.00003: Folding of flexible colloidal polymers into colloidal clusters Angus McMullen, Jasna Brujic The self-assembly of complex materials is a search in high-dimensional space for the desired structure. Borrowing a concept from biology, here we reduce the dimensionality of the problem by folding 1-D colloidomer chains into compact architectures. Tuning DNA-mediated secondary interactions along the length of the colloidal droplet polymer allows us to optimize the yield and fidelity of the fold. More specifically, we compare the collapse dynamics of homo- and hetero-colloidomers, in which all or alternating bead-to-bead interactions are allowed. The strength of these interactions is temperature-dependent with protocols that govern the temporal order of interactions. We study how changes in the interaction matrix of an alternating folding sequence affect the pathways of colloidomers of different lengths. Furthermore, we show results comparing the folding of quenched versus annealed colloidomers. This study builds toward the programmable sequence design of colloidal polymers that fold into a unique stable structure of a functional complex material. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 4:00PM - 4:36PM Live |
J06.00004: Counting the optical cost of disorder in biological photonic systems Invited Speaker: Pete Vukusic In this presentation, we review biological structurally coloured systems that, in particular, present ordered, quasi-ordered or disordered photonic structures. We discuss the nature of the optical behaviours of these structures, particularly focusing on the associated optical costs and benefits surrounding the extent to which their structures deviate from what might be considered ideal systems. We present detailed analyses of some well-known 1D and 2D structurally coloured systems and we analyse one of the common manifestations of imperfect order, namely, the extent and nature of positional disorder in the systems’ spatial distribution of layers and scattering centres. We describe how these findings are then used to inform optical modelling of the optical costs and benefits of such positional disorder among ordered and quasi-ordered 1D and 2D photonic systems. As deviation from perfectly ordered structures invariably limits the performance of technology- oriented synthetic photonic processes, we suggest that the use of bio-inspired fault tolerance principles would add value to applied photonic technologies. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 4:36PM - 4:48PM Live |
J06.00005: Biomimetic structural color through arrested phase separation Alba Sicher, Andreas Menzel, Maria Feofilova, Robert Style, René Rossi, Eric R Dufresne Structural colors are produced by light scattering from regular nanostructures. In bird feather barbs, these nanostructures appear to develop through phase separation. However, the mechanism that arrests phase separation at a precisely controlled length scale is unknown. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 4:48PM - 5:00PM Live |
J06.00006: The role of material architecture to achieve functional hierarchy in the cuticle of the flower beetle, Torynorrhina flammea Zian Jia, Matheus C Fernandes, Zhifei Deng, Ting Yang, qiuting zhang, Jie Yin, Jae-Hwang Lee, Lin Han, James Weaver, Katia Bertoldi, Joanna Aizenberg, Mathias Kolle, Pete Vukusic, Ling Li Biological materials achieve outstanding multifunctionality through a hierarchical arrangement of material architecture at multiple length scales. To understand the multifunctionality of biological materials, “structure-properties” relationship instead of the conventional “structure-property” relationship should be considered, where “property-property” relationship must be discussed additionally. However, associating multiple individual functions and revealing the relative importance of each function are challenging, as different functions belong to different disciplines and the criteria of comparison have not yet been established. In this study, we address these challenges based on the cuticle of the flower beetle, Torynorrhina flammea. We combine multidisciplinary experimental, computational, and theoretical techniques to understand the “structure-optics-mechanics” relationship of the beetle’s cuticle. The relative importance of optical performance to the mechanical performance in the beetle’s cuticle is further demonstrated using concepts from biological evolution. Our results not only illustrate the mechanical and optical design principles of the beetle’s cuticle but also opens an avenue to understand the evolutionary driving force of multifunctional biological materials. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 5:00PM - 5:12PM Live |
J06.00007: Continuous, autonomous sub-surface cargo shuttling Thomas Russell, Ganhua Xie, Pei Li, Pei-Yang Gu, Brett Helms, Paul Ashby, lei jiang Water-walking insects can harness capillary forces by changing body posture to climb or descend the meniscus between the surface of water and a solid object, necessary for predation, escape and survival. Inspired by these systems found in nature, we demonstrate autonomous, aqueous-based synthetic systems that overcome the meniscus barrier and shuttle underwater cargo beneath the water surface to and from a landing site and a targeted drop-off site. We manipulate the sign of the contact angle of an aqueous droplet contained within a coacervate sac or of a hydrogel droplet by controlling the vertical force on the droplet. The cyclic buoyancy change occurs continuously, as long as the supply of reactants diffusing into the sac or droplet from the semi-infinite surrounding aqueous phase is not exhausted. These findings are directly applicable to autonomously driven reaction or delivery systems, sensors, and micro-/milli-robotics. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 5:12PM - 5:24PM Live |
J06.00008: Hybrid Surface Designs with Passive Anti-Frosting Capabilities Christian Machado, Kyoo-Chul (Ken) Park Controlling the formation of frost is of utmost importance for a multitude of applications – air-to-liquid heat exchangers, aircraft, various types of lenses, among many others. Recently, the role of macrotextures has become increasingly clear to modulate how and when frost forms. However, for anti-frosting surfaces to appeal to a wide range of applications, it is desired for the frost-free region to be a planar geometry. Here, we devise an engineered surface to focus a majority of frost formation on millimetric-sized features, inspired by typical leaf structures, while creating a planar region that is thermodynamically preferred to prevent frost. While experiments have shown that these macro-features can solely create a frost-free zone, that effect can be enhanced through the addition of polymeric materials that possess both vapor adsorption and nucleation-modulating properties. These hybrid materials can effectively modulate the flux profile of water vapor such that the desired regions can stably resist ice nucleation activity over large time scales. As such, the result is the creation of a surface design framework that, through incorporating multiple hybrid components, suggests techniques to create state-of-the-art frost-resistant surfaces. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 5:24PM - 5:36PM Live |
J06.00009: Understanding the multifunctional design of glass skeleton of Euplectella Aspergillum sponge Hongshun Chen, Zian Jia, Ling Li Euplectella Aspergillum (E.A. sponge), a species of glass sponges that builds its lattice skeleton primarily with brittle silica, is of interest due to its extremely lightweight lattice structure with hierarchical structural designs. However, limited research has been conducted on the structural-mechanical description of the skeleton of the E.A. sponge, which limits the understanding of the multifunctionality of the lattice. Here, we utilize parametric modeling, simulations, and experiments to comprehensively study the multifunctionality of the skeleton of the E.A. sponge. With quantitative structural measurements, we construct a biomimetic model to conduct computational study on the mechanics of different cylindrical lattices under different loadings. In addition, we devise a fully parametric modeling method to survey the correlation between structural descriptors and mechanical properties. The ridge structures that spiral along the cylindrical lattice are also studied for its mechanical and fluidic functions. Our work provides further understanding of the lattice design principles of E.A. sponge and sheds light on design of cellular structures with multifunctional requirement. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 5:36PM - 5:48PM Live |
J06.00010: Bioinspired materials with self-adaptable mechanical properties Sung Kang Nature produces outstanding materials for load-bearing such as bones and woods that can adapt to their environment. However, it has been a challenge for synthetic materials to adapt their properties to address the changes in loading conditions. Inspired by bone mineralization, we report a material system that triggers mineral formation from ionic solutions on scaffolds upon mechanical loadings so that it can self-adapt to mechanical loadings. For example, the mineralization rate within the material system could be modulated by controlling the loading condition, and a 30-180% increase in the modulus of the material was observed upon cyclic loadings whose property change could be modulated by varying the loading condition. We also found that we can form a graded material that is often found in nature, by the one-step process by controlling the stress distribution. We envision that our findings can open new strategies for making synthetic materials with self-adaptable mechanical properties. |
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