Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2021
Volume 66, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 15–19, 2021; Virtual; Time Zone: Central Daylight Time, USA
Session E27: Hybrid/Macroscopic Quantum Systems, Optomechanics, and Interfacing AMO with Solid State/Nano Systems IFocus Live
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Sponsoring Units: DAMOP DQI Chair: Jack Harris, Yale University |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 8:00AM - 8:36AM Live |
E27.00001: Optomechanical sensors as probes for new physics Invited Speaker: Dalziel Wilson Mechanical systems with increasingly large size are reaching the quantum limit, dovetailing advances in dissipation engineering and cryogenic cavity optomechanics. As we enter the age of quantum technology, an important question is to what extent such macroscopic quantum systems can play a role. I'll discuss one perspective that envisions quantum-limited optomechanical sensors as probes for new physics, highlighting as an example a set of recent proposals for optomechanical dark matter detection. In this context, our lab is developing a new generation of optomechanical accelerometers based on centimeter-scale silicon nitride membranes. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 8:36AM - 8:48AM Live |
E27.00002: A high-cooperativity, silicon nitride transducer for room temperature quantum optomechanics Mohammadjafar Bereyhi, Amirali Arabmoheghi, Nils Johan Engelsen, Tobias J. Kippenberg At room temperature, the thermal noise of a mechanical resonator typically dominates the quantum backaction (QBA) of its position measurement and prohibits entering the quantum regime of optomechanics. Milestones such as cooling to the ground state and generation of squeezed light have been demonstrated, but so far typically at cryogenic temperature. Room temperature operation would allow these effects to be observed in simplified experimental setups and enable new applications. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 8:48AM - 9:00AM Live |
E27.00003: Boundary Condition Perturbation Theory of Optical Resonances of Deformed Dielectric Spheres Julius Gohsrich, Tirth Shah, Andrea Aiello Whispering gallery mode resonators are nowadays very popular for several optical applications, ranging from quantum light sources to extremely sensitive sensors for biological and chemical samples. A key feature for many practical usages is their extremely high optical quality factor (Q-factor). However, even small imperfections may reduce the Q-factor drastically. Depending on both the size of the resonator and the wavelength of light, brute-force numerics might be prohibitive and perturbative approaches need to be established. One suitable approach is the boundary condition perturbation theory originally developed by Lord Rayleigh. In this talk, I discuss how to employ this approach to determine the Q-factor of slightly deformed dielectric spheres. This method permits to solve a more than three-decade old problem in a natural and compelling fashion, by avoiding the traditional pitfalls of dealing with quasi-normal modes. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 9:00AM - 9:12AM Live |
E27.00004: Casimir spring and dilution in macroscopic cavity optomechanics Jacob M Pate, Maxim Goryachev, Raymond Y Chiao, Jay Sharping, Michael Tobar The Casimir force was predicted in 1948 as a force arising between macroscopic bodies from the zero-point energy. At finite temperatures it has been shown that a thermal Casimir force exists due to thermal rather than zero-point energy and there are a growing number of experiments that characterise the effect at a range of temperatures and distances. Additionally, in the rapidly evolving field of cavity optomechanics there is an endeavor to manipulate phonons and enhance coherence. We demonstrate a new way to achieve this through the first observation of Casimir spring and dilution in macroscopic optomechanics, by coupling a metallic SiN membrane to a photonic re-entrant cavity [1]. The attraction of the spatially-localised Casimir spring mimics a non-contacting boundary condition giving rise to increased strain and acoustic coherence through dissipation dilution. This work invents a new way to manipulate phonons via thermal photons leading to ``in situ'' reconfigurable mechanical states, to reduce loss mechanisms and to create new types of acoustic non-linearity --- all at room temperature. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 9:12AM - 9:24AM Live |
E27.00005: Cavity-less Quantum Optomechanics with Nanostring Mechanical Resonators Shan Hao, Robinjeet Singh, Thomas Purdy Optical level detection is a simple and ubiquitous precision measurement technique, but has not been fully explored near the standard quantum limit. Cavity optomechanical systems usually require complex optical setups with high fitness optical resonators to reach this quantum enhanced regime. Here we aim to use a high-quality mechanical string resonator without an optical cavity to the beat standard quantum limit of detecting the string motion. A laser bounces off the center of the string, gets deflected by the string motion, and this scattered light creates an interference pattern that evolves along the propagation. This process produces correlation between quantum amplitude and phase fluctuations of the scattered light, leading to a suppression of the displacement noise floor as measured by a quadrant photodetector. The best suppressed occurs when the detector is placed at particular frequency dependent location along the propagation direction. We are currently attempting to measure such suppression in the classical and quantum regimes with SiN phononic crystal string resonators. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 9:24AM - 9:36AM Live |
E27.00006: Controlled cavity quantum electrodynamics with molecular ensembles in infrared nanocavities Johan Triana, Felipe Herrera, Mauricio Arias, Aldo Delgado, Jun Nishida, Eric Muller, Samuel C. Johnson, Roland Wilcken, Markus Raschke Molecular ensembles in confined infrared (IR) fields have emerged as a promising platform for condensed-phase cavity QED at room temperature [1]. The demonstration of strong and ultrastrong coupling regimes with molecular vibrations in Fabry-Perot cavities have stimulated the development of scalable architectures for IR quantum optics also at the nanoscale. We develop a Markovian open quantum system approach to study the dynamics of molecular vibrations in infrared nanocavities under femtosecond pulse driving. By comparing with recent nanoprobe spectroscopy data on polymer-coated IR gold antennas as test cases [2,3], we successfully describe the time-domain signatures of the crossover from weak to strong coupling regimes. Our model also provides mechanistic insights on the conditions needed for implementing coherent π/2 phase-space rotations of the nanocavity field using a tip nanoprobe. Our work thus offers microscopic design strategies for quantum state preparation and control with emitter-nanocavity hybrids using infrared quantum optics. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 9:36AM - 9:48AM Live |
E27.00007: Cooling of a levitated nanoparticle to the motional quantum ground state Uros Delic, Manuel Reisenbauer, Kahan Dare, David Grass, Vladan Vuletic, Nikolai Kiesel, Markus Aspelmeyer Owing to its excellent isolation from the thermal environment, an optically levitated silica nanoparticle in ultra-high vacuum has been proposed to observe quantum behavior of massive objects at room temperature, with applications ranging from sensing to testing fundamental physics. As a first step towards quantum state preparation of the nanoparticle motion, both cavity and feedback cooling methods have been used to attempt cooling to its motional ground state, albeit with many technical difficulties. We have recently developed a new experimental interface, which combines stable (and arbitrary) trapping potentials of optical tweezers with the cooling performance of optical cavities, and demonstrated operation at desired experimental conditions [1]. In order to overcome still existent technical problems we implemented a new cooling method – cavity cooling by coherent scattering – which we employ to demonstrate ground state cooling of the nanoparticle motion [2, 3]. In this talk I will present our latest experimental result on motional ground state cooling of a levitated nanoparticle and discuss next steps toward macroscopic quantum states. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 9:48AM - 10:00AM Live |
E27.00008: Direction-dependent collective speed-up of spontaneous emission in a nanofiber-coupled cloud of atoms Riccardo Pennetta, Martin Blaha, Daniel Lechner, Arno Rauschenbeutel, Philipp Schneeweiss, Jürgen Volz We experimentally investigate collective enhancement of light-matter coupling by interfacing a cloud of laser-cooled cesium (Cs) atoms with photons in the evanescent field of an optical nanofiber. We explore the system dynamics by exciting the atoms with short pulses of nanofiber-guided light, whose rise and fall times are much shorter than the atomic lifetime. We analyze the temporal response of the system by recording the power of the light transmitted and reflected by the atomic ensemble. We observe superradiant decay in the forward direction, for which the decay rate of the ensemble increases linearly with optical depth. Notably, in the backward direction, the decay rate of the emitted light is independent of the optical depth and approximately equal to the inverse of the intrinsic lifetime of the Cs 6P3/2 excited state. These results suggest that our system is a promising platform for unveiling novel aspects of collective effects with cold atoms. In particular, in the next step, we plan to integrate the nanofiber in a fiber ring-resonator with a variable in- and out-coupling rate. This will allow us to investigate the physics of collective enhancement while continuously transitioning from the regime of waveguide quantum electrodynamics to cavity quantum electrodynamics. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 10:00AM - 10:12AM Live |
E27.00009: Erbium doped crystals for on-chip microwave to optical transduction Jake Rochman, Tian Xie, John G Bartholomew, Ioana Craiciu, Keith Schwab, Andrei Faraon Microwave to optical transducers can enable the integration of superconducting quantum circuits in dilution refrigerators with room temperature optical communication networks. Ensembles of rare-earth ions (REIs) strongly coupled to microwave and optical resonators offer a promising platform for converting between microwave and optical photons at the quantum level. Among the REIs, erbium is particularly of interest due to its optical transitions within the telecom band. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 10:12AM - 10:24AM Live |
E27.00010: Gaussian control and readout of levitated nanoparticles via coherent scattering Ondrej Cernotik, Radim Filip Optically levitated nanoparticles present an attractive optomechanical platform owing to their lack of clamping losses. The most promising approach to control the state of nanoparticle motion is coherent scattering of tweezer photons into a cavity mode. Originally proposed as a technique for cooling the motion of atoms and ions, this mechanism has recently been used to cool the motion of a nanoparticle to its quantum ground state for the first time. In my presentation, I will discuss how coherent scattering can be used to create and measure complex motional states of levitated nanoparticles. Coherent scattering gives us access to the same basic types of interaction as the more usual radiation-pressure interaction (of the beam-splitter and two-mode-squeezing type) allowing the same protocols to be realized. An important distinction—relevant particularly for quantum nondemolition readout of nanoparticle motion—is that coherent scattering can be accompanied by additional effects modifying the free nanoparticle evolution. I will discuss these differences and address the consequences they have for controlling and measuring nanoparticle motion in the quantum regime. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 10:24AM - 10:36AM Not Participating |
E27.00011: Approaching the single-photon strong coupling regime of optomechanics using a Cooper pair transistor Bhargava Thyagarajan, William F Braasch Jr, Benjamin Brock, Sisira Kanhirathingal, Miles P Blencowe, Alexander J Rimberg We report experimental progress on the hybrid optomechanical system described in [1]. The system consists of a coplanar waveguide superconducting microwave cavity whose coupling to a double-clamped beam nanomechanical resonator (NR) is mediated by a Cooper pair transistor (CPT). The optomechanical coupling is no longer purely capacitive, but arises because of the NR-gate induced variation of the quantum inductance of the CPT. This variation increases as we approach charge degeneracy of the CPT and should put us within reach of the single photon strong coupling regime. The band structure of the CPT also introduces other nonlinear terms in the Hamiltonian that should be strong even at low cavity occupation numbers. We can selectively address these by driving at appropriate frequencies and they will be used to generate and readout quantum states in the NR. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 10:36AM - 10:48AM Live |
E27.00012: Cavity piezo-mechanics for microwave-to-optical conversion Wei Fu, Xu Han, Changchun Zhong, Chang-ling zou, Yuntao Xu, Ayed Al Sayem, Mingrui Xu, Sihao Wang, Risheng Cheng, Liang Jiang, Hong X Tang Hybrid quantum systems are essential for realizing distributed quantum networks. In particular, GHz-piezo-mechanics, which features low thermal excitations and strong couplings to both microwave and optical modes, offers an appealing platform to bridge superconducting quantum processors and optical telecommunication channels. However, integrating superconducting and optomechanical elements at cryogenic temperatures remains a challenge. Here, we report an integrated superconducting cavity piezo-optomechanical platform where 10-GHz phonons are resonantly coupled with photons in a superconducting cavity and a nanophotonic cavity simultaneously. With the large piezo-mechanical cooperativity (Cem∼7) and the enhanced optomechanical coupling boosted by a pulsed optical pump, we demonstrate coherent interactions at cryogenic temperatures via the observation of efficient microwave-optical photon conversion. This hybrid interface makes a substantial step towards quantum communication at a large scale, as well as novel explorations in microwave-optical photon entanglement and quantum sensing mediated by gigahertz phonons. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 10:48AM - 11:00AM Live |
E27.00013: Coupled cavities beyond standard coupled mode theory Kevin Smith, David J Masiello The phenomenon of evanescent coupling between adjacent optical cavities has been exploited for a diverse array of technologies both existing and emerging, from coupled-resonator optical waveguides to photonics-based analog quantum simulators. Coupled mode theory (CMT) has long served as an invaluable heuristic model for understanding the various effects which arise in these systems such as mode splitting and supermode formation, but it lacks predictive power and broad applicability beyond weak coupling. In this work, we present a first-principles theoretical description of coupled cavities with semi-analytical predictivity beyond the scope of CMT without introducing phenomenological parameters. We demonstrate that coupled cavity modes are most appropriately described by oscillators which are coupled not only through their coordinates, but also their momenta, in contrast with CMT which considers only the former. Upon quantization, we show that this dual coupling significantly enhances the influence of counter-rotating interaction terms, suggesting the possibility for phenomena typically associated with the ultrastrong coupling regime, such as virtual excitations in the ground state, in more modest parameter regimes. |
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