Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2021
Volume 66, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 15–19, 2021; Virtual; Time Zone: Central Daylight Time, USA
Session A32: Quantum Metrology and Sensing IFocus Live
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Sponsoring Units: DQI Chair: Yuxin Wang, University of Chicago |
Monday, March 15, 2021 8:00AM - 8:12AM Live |
A32.00001: Observation of ac Photocurrent Vortices in Monolayer MoS2 Using NV Centers Paul Jerger, Brian Zhou, Masaya Fukami, Kan-Heng Lee, Fauzia Mujid, Jiwoong Park, David Awschalom Photocurrents are central to understanding the interaction of light with matter. Although widely used, transport-based detection cannot resolve the spatial distribution of photocurrents and can suffer from low photocarrier collection efficiency. We demonstrate a contact-free method to spatially and temporally resolve photocurrents using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, and discover that optical excitation of MoS2 produces photocurrent vortices [1]. We use a near-surface ensemble of NV centers to map the magnetic field profile of photocurrents in a monolayer of MoS2 transferred onto the diamond surface. By synchronizing pulsed photoexcitation with NV ac magnetometry, we perform a quantum lock-in measurement to resolve time-dependent photocurrent densities as small as 20 nA/µm. Spatiotemporal measurements reveal a photocurrent rise time, which agrees with modeling of the photothermoelectric effect. This work establishes a novel probe for optoelectronic phenomena, ideal for two-dimensional materials, where making contacts is challenging and can alter the intrinsic material properties. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 8:12AM - 8:24AM Live |
A32.00002: Evolution of Hyperfine Couplings to NV Centers under Hydrostatic Pressure Chris McPherson, Zhipan Wang, Nicholas Curro, William Casey Nuclear spins coupled to color centers exhibit long coherence times and may serve as qubits for solid state quantum technologies. For the NV center in diamond, multiple C-13 nuclei couple to the NV electronic spin, even for natural abundance carbon. These couplings are expected to change under pressure, reflecting changes to the NV wavefunction as the lattice contracts. We have performed optically detected magnetic resonance in a diamond anvil cell and observed how the spectrum evolves. We will discuss the challenges of performing ODMR under pressure, including delivering microwaves inside of the cell. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 8:24AM - 8:36AM Live |
A32.00003: X-ray nanoprobe strain measurements for diamond-based quantum sensing Mason Marshall, David F Phillips, Matthew J Turner, Mark Ku, Tao Zhou, Nazar Delegan, F. Joseph, Martin Holt, Ronald L Walsworth Point defects in diamond are a popular, growing platform for quantum sensing and information. Nanoscale strain is a crucial challenge for many such applications, including high-resolution magnetometry and quantum information processing with fabricated optical devices. Additionally, measuring nanoscale strain is central to a proposed diamond-based technique for directional detection of dark matter. Scanning Bragg diffraction allows three-dimensional measurements of strain at the nanoscale. We discuss the application of this technique to lab-grown diamonds, including measurements of growth-defect-induced strain in a diamond optimized for magnetic sensing and background characterization measurements for a proposed dark matter detector. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 8:36AM - 8:48AM Live |
A32.00004: Probing thermal magnon current mediated by coherent magnon via nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond Dwi Prananto, Yuta Kainuma, Kunitaka Hayashi, Norikazu Mizuochi, Ken-ichi Uchida, Toshu An The study of the interplay between heat currents and spins, spin caloritronics, has been intensively investigated recently owing to its potential in creating more efficient computing devices and versatile thermoelectric conversion technologies1. We report the detection of thermal magnon current propagating in a magnetic insulator yttrium iron garnet under a temperature gradient, using electron spins hosted in a diamond matrix with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect centers. We exploit the interplay between coherent and incoherent magnons2 to bridge the energy mismatch between thermal magnon current and NV spin. The thermal magnon current emanates as a change in Rabi oscillation frequencies as well as longitudinal relaxation rates of the NV spins3. The ability to locally probe thermal magnon current can serve as a basis for creating a new device platform hybridizing spin caloritronics and spin qubits. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 8:48AM - 9:00AM Live |
A32.00005: A portable diamond-based quantum demonstrator based on a quantum control and readout platform Azfar Badaroudine, Dany Lachance-Quirion, Ankita Chakravarty, Larissa Njejimana, Marc-Antoine Roux, Nizar Messaoudi, Clayton Crocker, Hubert Dubé, Vincent Halde, Olivier Bernard, David Roy-Guay, Marc-André Tétrault, Michel Pioro-Ladriere In addition to being extremely sensitive quantum sensors, nitrogen vacancies (NV) centers in diamond are an ideal showcase of quantum technologies as they work in ambient conditions. Experiments with NV centers usually involve a bulky optical system, together with a wide assortment of signal generators and samplers, which is challenging to synchronize together. Here, we perform quantum control experiments on NV centers which are much more accessible to a broader community. We achieve this by (i) miniaturizing hardware components into a quantum magnetometer the size of Rubik’s cube and (ii) leveraging a commercial platform for control and readout. We interfaced all the quantum magnetometer’s signal generation and readout components with a modular control platform, thus allowing it to fully operate the quantum sensor. We will present room-temperature results including optically detected magnetic resonance, Rabi and Ramsey oscillations of an ensemble of NV centers. In addition to democratizing complex experiments in quantum physics, our work paves the way for efficient prototyping of quantum technologies with commercial control solutions. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 9:00AM - 9:36AM Live |
A32.00006: Imaging and controlling large spin systems with a single-spin quantum sensor Invited Speaker: Tim Hugo Taminiau The NV center in diamond has emerged as a promising platform to detect, image and control spin systems. In this talk, I will discuss our recent advances in imaging individual clusters of nuclear spins with atomic resolution, and show how such spin systems can be used for quantum information processing and investigating many-body physics. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 9:36AM - 9:48AM Live |
A32.00007: Quantum Sensing using Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) Centers in Nanodiamonds under Extreme Conditions Kin On Ho, King Yau Yip, King Yiu Yu, Man Yin Leung, Yaxin Jiang, Yiu Yung Pang, Swee K. Goh, Sen Yang The nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a well-known point defect that offers a promising platform for realizing practical quantum technologies. Using optics for high-fidelity spin-state initialization and readout, reliable quantum sensing can be performed. Thus, we can extract various physical parameters from the optically detected magnetic resonance spectrum. In our recent works, we implemented NV centers in nanodiamond as sensors under extreme conditions. First, we measured the Meissner effect of a type-II superconductor under pressure and constructed phase diagrams. This is a powerful tool in the study of quantum physics in strongly correlated systems under pressure. Meanwhile, we examined the hydrostaticity of a pressure medium and showed the pressure gradient induced by both pressure and temperature. This is essential for the understanding of the pressure-induced phenomenon. Finally, we measured the dynamics of the curing of polydimethylsiloxane and the polymerization of cyanoacrylate. This benefits the polymer research. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 9:48AM - 10:00AM Live |
A32.00008: Sensing protocols for non-polarized nano-NMR spectroscopy with NV centers Santiago Casado Diffusion broadening of spectral lines is the main limitation to frequency resolution in non-polarized liquid state nano-NMR. This problem arises from the limited amount of information that can be extracted from the signal before losing coherence. For liquid state NMR as with most generic sensing experiments, the signal is thought to decay exponentially, severely limiting resolution. However, there is theoretical evidence that predicts a power law decay of the signal’s correlations due to diffusion noise in the non-polarized nano-NMR scenario. In this work we show that in the NV based nano-NMR setup such diffusion noise results in high spectral resolution, and analize the behaviour of different measurement protocols and scenarios to conclude that heterodyne measurements provide the best resolution scaling. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 10:00AM - 10:12AM Live |
A32.00009: AC field sensing metrology with NV ensembles under extreme pressure Zhipan Wang, Chris McPherson, Nicholas Brandt, William Casey, Nicholas Curro Nitrogen vacancy centers(NV-) in diamond are sensitive magnetometers that can detect the magnetic fields of nuclear moments. In this study, we have utilized NV center ensemble measurements |
Monday, March 15, 2021 10:12AM - 10:24AM Live |
A32.00010: Probing Transport in Condensed Matter Systems using multiple Nitrogen Vacancy Centers Jared Rovny, Lila Rodgers, Zhiyang Yuan, Mattias V Fitzpatrick, Nathalie De Leon Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are point defects that enable room-temperature magnetometry with nanoscale spatial resolution, and have increasingly been used to noninvasively probe condensed matter systems. Measurements typically use a single NV center at a time, and can gain spatial information by embedding an NV center in a scanning probe for spatial DC magnetometry. However, the scanning process is slow and does not allow us to measure dynamics or spatially separated regions across the sample. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 10:24AM - 10:36AM Live |
A32.00011: Reporter-spin-assisted T1 relaxometry with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond Zhiran Zhang, Dolev Bluvstein, Nicolas Ryan Williams, Ania Bleszynski Jayich Detection of fluctuating magnetic fields lends important insight into the dynamics of condensed-matter systems and decoherence processes. The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond constitutes a powerful tool for the noninvasive and quantitative measurement of fluctuating fields, with high spatial resolution down to the nm-scale when combined with scanning probe microscopy. To circumvent the difficulties of engineering arbitrarily shallow and charge stable NVs and to achieve higher spatial resolution, we propose utilizing auxiliary relaxation reporter spins on the diamond surface to detect fluctuating magnetic fields at nanoscale. We present quantitative simulations of the sensitivity and spatial resolution enhancements compared to NV T1 relaxometry. To benchmark our imaging methods, we synthesize Gd3+ spin labels patterned via DNA origami structures and present relaxometry images of these structures, pushing towards molecular-scale imaging. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 10:36AM - 10:48AM Live |
A32.00012: Electron Spin Resonance of Nanoscale Materials using Nitrogen Vacancy Ensembles in Diamond Maziar Saleh Ziabari, Jacob Henshaw, Pauli Kehayias, Tzu-Ming Lu, Charles Harris, Edward Bielejec, Eric G. Biederman, Dale L. Huber, Nate Ristoff, Victor Acosta, Michael P Lilly, Andrew M Mounce Nitrogen vacancies (NVs) in diamond are quantum defects with long coherence times, yielding extreme sensitivity to magnetic field and making them excellent magnetic sensors for nanomaterials. In this presentation, we demonstrate NV electron spin resonance (NV-ESR) and integrate nanoparticles onto the surface of diamond at various densities toward measuring nanomaterial properties using NV-ESR. Using T1 relaxometry, we demonstrate NV-ESR with the detection of g=2 electrons trapped at the surface of a diamond implanted at the surface with 20 nm of nitrogen and NV-activated. Methods for integrating superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) such as wick deposition, PDMS stamping, and spin deposition are next explored, to calibrate reproducible density-controlled deposition. Submicron-resolved magnetic characterization of SPIONs could yield new magnetic interaction information, resulting in improvements to SPIONs as markers for enhanced MRI sensitivity. With the demonstration of NV-ESR and NP integration, we prepare a diamond slab half-covered with NPs for NV magnetometry. |
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