Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2019
Volume 64, Number 2
Monday–Friday, March 4–8, 2019; Boston, Massachusetts
Session C33: Applied Photonics |
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Sponsoring Units: FIAP Chair: Juan Merlo Room: BCEC 204B |
Monday, March 4, 2019 2:30PM - 2:42PM |
C33.00001: Optical Confinement in Nanocoaxial Waveguides: Coupling to the Fundamental TEM-Like Mode Yitzi M Calm, Luke D'Imperio, Nate T Nesbitt, Juan M. Merlo, Aaron H Rose, Michael J Burns, Krzysztof Kempa, Michael J Naughton The nanocoax has demonstrated confinement of VIS and NIR light, and calculations show that extreme confinement can be achieved by coupling to the fundamental mode. We have previously reported our novel nanofabrication process, which leverages the conformal nature of atomic layer deposition (ALD), and which produces high aspect ratio nanocoaxes. In this work, we report in more detail some optical transmission measurements, particularly related to signatures of coupling into the fundamental mode. While there have been many computational works concerning the excitation of the fundamental mode at optical frequencies, to date there have been relatively few experimental works. To interrogate these structures, we have integrated an optical vortex generation module into a near-field scanning optical microscope, we have built a confocal spectroscope for transmittance measurements in the VIS and SWIR, and we report on polarimetry measurements of a tightly focused vortex beam. We further discuss some computational progress with regard to coupling efficiency and some prospective technologies based on optical confinement to length scales arbitrarily smaller than the wavelength. |
Monday, March 4, 2019 2:42PM - 2:54PM |
C33.00002: Packaging of surface nanoscale axial photonic microresonators Mathieu Couillard, Pablo Bianucci Due to their high Q factor and small volume surface, nanoscale axial photonic (SNAP) resonators have been used to study nonlinear effects, sensing, optomechanics and many other applications. The best way to couple light into SNAP resonators is through the evanescent field of a tapered fiber. However, these tapered fibers are fragile, and SNAPs are very sensitive to their environment. These factors make SNAP resonators difficult to to transport and keep intact for long periods of time without some kind of packaging. We present an inexpensive technique for packaging SNAP resonators as a pigtail device using a 3d printed housing and low index optical epoxy. We then report the effects of this packaging technique on the spectra and measure the change in spectra due to impact, heat and environmental impurities. |
Monday, March 4, 2019 2:54PM - 3:06PM |
C33.00003: Time Stretch Single-shot Terahertz Analyzer Tianwei Jiang, Cejo Konuparamban Lonappan, Clément Evain, Christophe Szwaj, Eléonore Roussel, Marc Le Parquier, Serge Bielawski, Bahram Jalali Terahertz technology has important applications in security due to its penetration in common packaging material. Being able to measure bursts of THz signal in real-time has applications in medicine, data communication, compact radar, and particle accelerators. Unfortunately, the established terahertz instrumentation systems have a slow response and are not capable of realtime measurements. Photonic Time Stretch is data acquisition method which enables continuous recording of fast single shot events over long record lengths. It has been successfully used to capture THz emission due to electron bunching in synchrotrons, and has led to discovery of new phenomena in optics such as optical rogue waves and soliton molecule dynamics. In this talk we will provide an overview of Time Stretch technology with emphasis on its design for THz operation. We will describe several methods for overcoming the frequency fading phenomena including single sideband, phase diversity and inverse propagation methods as well as balanced detection for common mode rejection to achieve high sensitivity. We will also describe its implementation at optical frequencies. |
Monday, March 4, 2019 3:06PM - 3:18PM |
C33.00004: Excitation Dynamics of MoS2 Using Optical Pump-THz Probe Magneto-spectroscopy Ashlyn Burch, Andrew Garrison Linn, Biplob Barman, Denis Karaiskaj, Stephen A McGill, David J. Hilton THz spectroscopy is a method that can be used to study transitional metal dichalcogenide material systems on ultrafast time scales by determining the quantum effect of emitted THz radiation and phase on the material under extreme conditions.1 Monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been broadly studied and displays electron-phonon interactions and exciton-exciton scattering that influence the coherence time and often are the driving component for the application of this material.2 These measurements were performed on bulk MoS2, using an optical pump-terahertz probe spectrometer that operated under high magnetic fields (< 25 T) at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Tallahassee, Florida. The response of this material was measured under different constant magnetic fields using an air-biased coherent detection system (ABCD) by tracing optical pump delays while sitting at the peak of the transmitted THz pulse. |
Monday, March 4, 2019 3:18PM - 3:30PM |
C33.00005: Bragg Filters for Integrated Photonic Circuitry Qingying Chen, Scott Holmstrom, Nathan Tyndall, Todd Stievater
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Monday, March 4, 2019 3:30PM - 3:42PM |
C33.00006: Title: Integrated spin wave AND gate using iron garnet film Taichi Goto, Takuya Yoshimoto, Caroline Anne Ross, Koji Sekiguchi, Alexander B. Granovsky, Yuichi Nakamura, Hironaga Uchida, Mitsuteru Inoue Spin wave (SW) attracts many interest as a candidate of post-CMOS device. Previously we demonstrated XNOR or AND/OR logic gates using interference of forward volume (FV) SW propagating in a 10 μm thick yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film [1]. However the size of these gate is mm order because YIG and electrodes for excitation and detection of SW were fabricated discretely. Therefore, integration of electrodes on YIG and miniaturization of YIG waveguide is essential for demonstration of further functionality. |
Monday, March 4, 2019 3:42PM - 3:54PM |
C33.00007: Demonstration of Inverse Designed Broadband Cavity-Waveguide Couplers Jinhie Skarda, Ki Youl Yang, Dries Vercruysse, Neil V. Sapra, Logan Su, Alexander Y. Piggott, Jelena Vuckovic The ability to control cavity-waveguide coupling over a wide wavelength span is necessary in a number of applications such as frequency conversion and frequency comb generation. However, achieving a specified target coupling at multiple wavelengths using the conventional approach of evanescent coupling is an outstanding challenge. In our approach, we instead treat the cavity-waveguide coupling region as a 2-input, 2-output port device and optimize the structure to produce the desired coupling spectrum. This inverse design method enables us to specify any coupling spectrum as our optimization objective, and the fabrication-constrained optimization produces coupler structures that are fully fabricable with standard lithography processes. We experimentally demonstrate our ability to control the coupling spectrum between a straight waveguide and racetrack resonator on 220 nm SOI while maintaining a Q factor of about 30,000. Our progress on efficient coupling over an octave span is an important step for integrated nonlinear photonics. |
Monday, March 4, 2019 3:54PM - 4:06PM |
C33.00008: Electrostatically and Opticlly Gated Field Emission Transistors William Jones, Lucia Derose, Axel Scherer Recently, several groups have demonstrated that plasmonically trapped light can optically stimulate ultra-fast field emission of electrons [1][2] by taking advantage of the sub-wavelength confinement of light at the metal/air interface to generate the intense electric fields needed to tunnel an electron into vacuum. Nanoscale field emission transistors produce the same magnitude fields electrostatically by applying modest voltages over nanoscale distances [3]. We have combined both principles and produced nanoscale field emission transistors integrated into hybrid plasmonic waveguides on a SOI platform. These devices can be optically or electrostatically gated and may serve as building blocks for ultra-fast opto-electronic circuits. |
Monday, March 4, 2019 4:06PM - 4:18PM |
C33.00009: Investigating Rayleigh-Wood anomalies and surface plasmon resonances in optical and electrical enhancements for nano-grating structures and devices Ahmad Darweesh, Stephen J Bauman, Desalegn Debu, Joseph Herzog We numerically investigate the role of Rayleigh-Wood anomalies and surface plasmons in optical and electrical enhancements for nano-grating structures. The affected enhancements studied here include absorption, reflection, transmission, incident electric field strength, and current density. In addition, we study the effects of the nano-grating sidewall taper angle and the incident wave angle on these enhancements. A single wavelength detection technique is used to determine the optimal structure. The results reveal a significant dependence of the enhancements on the taper and the incident wave angles, which could be used to improve photo-sensing devices. Plus, sharp and diffuse peaks and troughs belonging to Rayleigh-Wood anomalies and surface plasmon resonances are exhibited in the spectrum. Such results can be used to boost photodetector, solar cell, and SERS performances. |
Monday, March 4, 2019 4:18PM - 4:30PM |
C33.00010: Ultra-fast electro-optic modulators based on plasma dispersion effect of 2DEG in III-V heterostructures Pallabi Das, Siddharth Tallur Silicon electro-optic photonic modulators are limited to 50-60GBps bandwidth due to carrier recombination lifetimes. Modulator bandwidth in electro-optic materials is limited by R-C time constants of the electrical contacts, resulting in high bit error rate beyond 100GBps [Nature 562, pp.101–104,2018]. We propose a design inspired by III-V High Electronic Mobility Transistor (HEMT) used in high speed RF circuits and routinely operated at >100GHz frequencies. We present a modified Drude model to analyze the strength of the plasma dispersion effect of the 2DEG at the III-V interface. The 2DEG density is modulated through gate voltage (Vg) applied to a reverse biased III-V Schottky diode [IEEE TED 61(4), pp.1006-1013,2014]. Plasma dispersion due to 2DEG is dominant as compared to free charge carriers in the AlGaN barrier. We obtain an analytical expression for the carrier induced electro refraction: |
Monday, March 4, 2019 4:30PM - 4:42PM |
C33.00011: Electrodynamic calculations with Hermite interpolation: Role of symmetry and degeneracies of fields in a cavity L Ramdas Ram-Mohan, Siddhant Pandey, Sathwik Bharadwaj, John D Albrecht We show that the present approaches for the solution of Maxwell’s equations in complex geometries have limitations that can be overcome using Hermite interpolation polynomials. Our approach of calculating the field yields better accuracy by several orders of magnitude than comparable applications of the edge-element based commercial software. We note that the vector finite element that is widely used yield pixellated solutions, and ill-defined vector solutions at nodes. Our solutions have smooth representation within and across the elements, and well defined directions for the fields at the nodes. We investigate fields in an empty cubic metallic cavity and explain the level degeneracy that is larger than what is to be expected from the geometrical octahedral symmetry. This behavior is identified as an example of “accidental degeneracy,” and is explained by displaying additional operators that form a larger covering group. We show that the inclusion of a smaller dielectric cube within the cubic cavity leads to the removal of this accidental degeneracy. The proposed method should be effective in obtaining results for scalar-vector coupled field problems such as in modeling quantum well cavity lasers and in plasmonics modeling, while allowing multi-scale physical calculations. |
Monday, March 4, 2019 4:42PM - 4:54PM |
C33.00012: A topological nanobeam microcavity Pablo Bianucci, Kathleen McGarvey-Lechable Photonic crystals in a waveguide can give rise to nanobeam microcavities, where the lateral confinement is given by the waveguide mode, and axial confinement is created by introducing a trivial defect in the photonic crystal. These cavities tend to have small mode volumes and reasonably high quality factors, limited mostly by surface roughness introduced during the fabrication. |
Monday, March 4, 2019 4:54PM - 5:06PM |
C33.00013: Localization of light induced by pulling a fiber Tabassom Hamidfar, Pablo Bianucci Optical microresonators based on whispering gallery modes (WGM) can be potentially used in many areas of science and technology including telecommunications, microfluidics, optomechanics, and others. They are dielectric convex structures that confine light through total internal reflection. Out of the many available types of WGM microresonators, the surface nanoscale axial photonics (SNAP) platform enables fabrication of resonant ultralow loss photonics structures at the surface of an optical fiber. Due to their flexibility, and ultra-low loss, which lead to the creation of high-quality WGMs, they have great potential applications as photonic micro-devices in switching, slowing light, filtering, lasing and sensing with high precision. |
Monday, March 4, 2019 5:06PM - 5:18PM |
C33.00014: Quantum Confined Stark Effect in Phase-Pure Thick-Shell CdSe/CdS Quantum Dots Lei Zhang, Hongyu Yang, Yufen Yuan, Yiping Cui, Jiayu Zhang Colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have recently attracted great attention in electric fields sensing via the quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE), Here, the QCSE in ensemble of phase-pure wurtzite CdSe/CdS QDs is studied by applying a uniform external electric field. We observe a clear field-dependent PL and absorption modulations, including the spectral shifts and broadening, as well as the changes in its intensity. The Stark shifts in ensemble emission and absorption are found to be typical quadratic function of the external field. Moreover, the multiexciton states also exhibit obvious optical responses to the electric field, with a decrease of 18% in emission intensities and an increase in the ultrafast lifetime from 25 to 31 ps. The results imply that the field-induced QCSE in the QD ensemble are attributed to the effective suppression of the primary source of local field in such thick-shell QDs, thus proving that an efficient field control over the optical properties (the changes in emission and absorption intensity, spectral shifts, and PL lifetime) in these nanoparticles is feasible and open the potential possibility of field-sensitive QDs to achieve real-time electro-optic sensing. |
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