Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2019
Volume 64, Number 2
Monday–Friday, March 4–8, 2019; Boston, Massachusetts
Session B49: Advanced Deposition Methods for Polymers and Soft MaterialsFocus
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Sponsoring Units: DPOLY GSOFT Chair: Malancha Gupta, University of Southern California Room: BCEC 252A |
Monday, March 4, 2019 11:15AM - 11:27AM |
B49.00001: Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition onto Moving Liquid Surfaces Prathamesh Karandikar, Mark M De Luna, Malancha Gupta In this talk, we will demonstrate that initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) can be used to deposit thin functional films onto low vapor pressure liquids such as silicone oils and ionic liquids. The substrate viscosity, surface tension, monomer solubility and process parameters such as deposition time and deposition rate determine the polymer structure on the liquid. The spreading coefficient of the polymer on the liquid surface can be used to predict the thermodynamically preferred polymer morphology. Films, nanoparticles, and gels can be formed. We demonstrate that modifications to the deposition chamber can enable in situ modulation of the liquids in a vacuum allowing polymer deposition on moving liquids. We demonstrate liquid motion in silicone oils of viscosities ranging from 5 cSt to 50 cSt. We study the deposition of fluorinated polymers on the moving liquids and demonstrate that the mechanical response of the polymer films can be tuned by the use of a crosslinker ethylene glycol diacrylate. Our experimental findings allow for further understanding of nucleation and growth mechanisms of polymer films on liquid surfaces by inducing liquid motion and allows us to probe the mechanical strength of thin films. |
Monday, March 4, 2019 11:27AM - 11:39AM |
B49.00002: Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition of Copolymer Based Electrolytes for 3D Microbatteries Wenhao Li, Laura Bradley, James J Watkins Reliable fabrication of nanoscale, solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with conformal 3D coating capability and good ionic conductivity is one major challenge toward fully assembled 3D microbatteries. Here we utilize initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) to produce sub-micron copolymer thin films comprised of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and ethylene glycol diacrylate (EGDA). These copolymer films are subsequently converted into SPEs via solution-based lithium salt doping and demonstrate ionic conductivity of (6.1±2.7)×10-6 S cm-1 at room temperature, the highest value reported to date for nanoscale SPEs. An investigation of copolymer composition, crosslinking density, polarity, structural relaxation is presented to explain the ion conduction. |
Monday, March 4, 2019 11:39AM - 12:15PM |
B49.00003: Vapor Deposited Polymers: from Fundamentals to Commercialization Invited Speaker: Karen Gleason Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), as practiced by the semiconductor industry, typically utilizes high powers and high temperatures to drive non-selective chemistry. These aggressive conditions are incompatible with reactants possessing fragile organic functional groups. However, employing selective chemistry allows deposition rates of CVD organic films to be high, even when energy input is low. The CVD method is ideally suited for insoluble and infusible materials such as fluoropolymers, crosslinked organic networks, and conjugated semiconducting and conducting polymers. To date, a portfolio of >70 CVD homopolymers and copolymers have been demonstrated. The conformal nature of CVD polymerization enables the facile integration of organic thin films into device prototypes onto thermally sensitive and mechanical flexible substrates. Scale up of the process has facilitated the commercialization of CVD polymer technology. |
Monday, March 4, 2019 12:15PM - 12:27PM |
B49.00004: iCVD Solid Nanoadhesives for Precision Assembly at Near Room Temperature Xavier Lepro, John Simon Miller, Gavin Winter, Salmaan Baxamusa Adhesives are widely used in manufacturing processes to bond components. Due to their ubiquity in consumer goods, adhesives and sealants form a mature $50B industry with decades of investment in formulation chemistry for various applications. However, nearly all adhesives are based on the application of viscous resins which cure based on chemical reaction, solvent evaporation, or cooling of a hot melt. Capillary forces from liquid-like resins both prevent the formation of thin (<1 μm) bondlines and can wick or damage porous materials such as foams, aerogels and other delicate structures at the nano and microscale. |
Monday, March 4, 2019 12:27PM - 12:39PM |
B49.00005: Using volatile liquid oxidant in PEDOT synthesis by oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition (oCVD) Meysam Heydari Gharahcheshmeh, Karen Gleason Conducting Polymers (CPs) are desired for next generation flexible, stretchable, wearable, and large-area electronic devices. The oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition (oCVD) is a versatile deposition technique with the potential for commercial production of CPs in large-scale applications. Here, we report the oCVD poly(3,4-polyethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) synthesis using a volatile liquid oxidant. The flow rate of volatile liquid oxidant to the oCVD reactor is more controllable than its solid oxidants counterparts, which resulted in better control of the oxidant surface concentration. In addition, the main advantage of using volatile liquid oxidant is that the final CPs thin films exploit directly in device fabrication without the need for any post-deposition rinsing step to remove unreacted oxidants and oxidation by-products. The texture and structural properties of deposited oCVD PEDOT films with volatile oxidant as a function of deposition temperature and a fraction of oxidant saturation pressure (P/Psat) were investigated. It was noted that the orientation of oCVD PEDOT films is highly influenced by the process parameters and has a significant impact on electrical conductivity. |
Monday, March 4, 2019 12:39PM - 12:51PM |
B49.00006: Selective spin-on deposition of polymers on heterogeneous surfaces Yuanyi Zhang, Colton D'Ambra, Craig Hawker, Rachel Segalman, Christopher M Bates Traditional photolithography relies on the manipulation of spun cast polymer films using a complex sequence of processing steps to generate patterns for device fabrication.1 Selective deposition holds promise to reduce this economic burden and enable self-aligned fabrication by directly coating material only on desired regions of a heterogeneous surface.2 Our work introduces a strategy to achieve selective polymer deposition via spin coating without necessitating superfluous processing steps (e.g., thermal annealing, etching). This talk will focus on understanding the interplay between polymer design, spin coating conditions, and consequent thin film characteristics. |
Monday, March 4, 2019 12:51PM - 1:27PM |
B49.00007: Morphology and Thermal Properties of Semi-Crystalline Polymer Films by Slow Deposition Invited Speaker: Rodney Priestley Thin-film growth viaphysical vapor deposition (PVD) has been successfully exploited for the delicate control of film structure for molecular and atomic systems. The application of such a high-energetic process for polymeric film growth has been an enduring challenge. However, the recent development of Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) has provided a new means to deposit a variety of macromolecules in a manner similar to PVD. Here, employing MAPLE for the growth of semi-crystalline polymer thin films, we show the ability to tune film morphology by manipulation of substrate temperature. This is accomplished by exploiting the effects of temperature on polymer crystal nucleation and dynamics. During slow film growth, crystal nucleation can either be permitted or suppressed, and crystal thickness can be tuned by temperature modulation. Finally, by combining MAPLE deposition with flash DSC, we demonstrate the ability to measure the extent of crystallinity and melting temperature of thin films grown over a wide temperature range. |
Monday, March 4, 2019 1:27PM - 1:39PM |
B49.00008: Thin films of ultramonodisperse polystyrene polymers Adam Raegen, James Forrest
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Monday, March 4, 2019 1:39PM - 1:51PM |
B49.00009: Confined Polymer Crystallization in Vapor-Deposited PE/PMMA Blend Films Yucheng Wang, Rodney Priestley Polymer blends are widely applied in technologies because they can join features from individual components to optimize performance. However, for thin films comprising immiscible polymers, it is challenging to precisely control the film structure because of the spontaneous phase separation, which can influence the resulting properties in an undesirable way. In this work, we utilize a vapor deposition technique termed matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) to process thin films of PE/PMMA and illustrate that the technique can effectively control the size of phase separation. During MAPLE, thin films are formed atop a temperature-controlled substrate by the addition of separate nanoscale polymer droplets at an ultra-slow rate, thereby confining the phase separation within a much smaller scale relative to films processed via other means. Employing a fast scanning calorimeter, we demonstrate the ability to shift the crystallization temperatures of PE by ~20°C as a result of confinement and temperature during deposition. We also show the preservation of film structures beyond melting. |
Monday, March 4, 2019 1:51PM - 2:03PM |
B49.00010: Emulsion Target Process-Structure-Property Relationships in Resonant Infrared Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (RIR-MAPLE) for Selective Deposition of Crystalline Phases in Polymer Thin Films Adrienne Stiff-Roberts, Spencer Ferguson, Cassandra Williams, Buang Zhang The semi-crystalline phase of polyfluorene (β-PFO) is desirable for blue polymer LEDs because it yields higher carrier mobilities that lower operating voltage and increase device lifetime. However, the use of poor solvents in solution-based deposition to obtain high β-PFO content also degrades surface quality. Previous research on emulsion-based RIR-MAPLE deposition has shown that emulsion characteristics impact β-PFO content in thin films. In contrast to solution-based deposition, RIR-MAPLE increases β-PFO content to 6% without degrading surface morphology. |
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