Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2018
Volume 63, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 5–9, 2018; Los Angeles, California
Session A27: Optomechanics IFocus
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Sponsoring Units: DAMOP DQI Chair: Charles Brown, Yale University Room: LACC 404B |
Monday, March 5, 2018 8:00AM - 8:36AM |
A27.00001: "High-Q photonic resonators and electro-optic coupling using silicon-on-lithium-niobate" Invited Speaker: Amir Safavi-Naeini Is a relatively new prof and working on exciting aspects of integrated cavity optomechanics. Recent work includes: |
Monday, March 5, 2018 8:36AM - 8:48AM |
A27.00002: A Single-mode Phononic Wire Rishi Patel, Zhaoyou Wang, Wentao Jiang, Christopher Sarabalis, Jeff Hill, Amir Safavi-Naeini Photons and electrons transmit information to form complex systems and networks. Phonons on the other hand are often considered only as carriers of thermal energy. Nonetheless, their flow can also be molded in fabricated nanoscale circuits. We design and experimentally demonstrate wires, or waveguides, for phonons that transmit information with little loss or scattering across a chip. By patterning the surface of a silicon chip, we completely eliminate all but one channel of phonon conduction. At cryogenic (11 K) temperatures, we observe the emergence of low-loss (0.88 dB/cm) GHz standing waves in millimeter long phononic wires that we address and cool optically. We show optically induced damping of the wire modes, with readout cooperativities exceeding unity. In turn, sympathetic laser cooling of the waveguide is achieved, reaching occupancies approximately 3 dB below that of the intrinsic bath. Coherent transport and strong optical coupling to a phononic wire enables new phononic technologies to manipulate information and energy on a chip. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 8:48AM - 9:00AM |
A27.00003: Electro-optic correlations improve an efficient mechanical converter Andrew Higginbotham, Peter Burns, Maxwell Urmey, Robert Peterson, Nir Kampel, Benjamin Brubaker, Graeme Smith, Konrad Lehnert, Cindy Regal An optical network of superconducting qubits is an appealing platform for quantum communication and distributed quantum computing, but developing a quantum-compatible link between the microwave and optical domains remains an outstanding challenge. Operating at the required T < 100 mK temperatures, we demonstrate a microwave-mechanical-optical converter with 47% conversion efficiency, and use a feedforward protocol to reduce added noise to 38 photons. The feedforward protocol harnesses our discovery that noise emitted from the two converter output ports is perfectly correlated, meaning that it saturates a bound for classical correlations. We also discuss a quantum feedforward protocol that, given high system efficiencies, allows quantum information to be transferred through a thermally excited mechanical oscillator. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 9:00AM - 9:12AM |
A27.00004: Squeezing the motion of a mechanical oscillator: towards noiseless phase sensitive amplification of quantum signals Robert Delaney, Adam Reed, Reed Andrews, Konrad Lehnert Superconducting electromechanical circuits have recently proven useful as memory elements for storage of non-classical signals and for near quantum limited amplification of microwave fields. By using pulsed modulation of the spring constant of a mechanical oscillator at twice its resonant frequency we are able to squeeze its thermal motion and circumvent the usual steady state limits on squeezing. Combined with standard electromechanical techniques such as sideband cooling and two mode squeezing there is a clear path forward to vacuum squeezing of low frequency mechanical oscillators allowing for efficient single quadrature measurements and quantum enhanced force sensing. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 9:12AM - 9:24AM |
A27.00005: Optomechanical Quantum Correlations for Metrology Thomas Purdy, Robinjeet Singh, Nikolai Klimov, Zeeshan Ahmed, Karen Grutter, Kartik Srinivasan, Jacob Taylor Quantum correlations in light interacting with mechanical systems arise as a consequence of quantum measurement backaction. We have developed a method to extract small quantum correlations on light that has interacted with a nano-optomechanical system even when the nano-optomechanical system is strongly coupled to its ambient, room-temperature environment. The scale of these backaction-induced correlations is related to the scale of mechanical zero-point motion through a Heisenberg measure-disturbance uncertainty relation. We use the scale of the correlations to absolutely calibrate the optically measured thermal, Brownian motion of the nanomechanical system, demonstrating a path toward a wide-range, on-chip, optically based, primary, i.e. “self-calibrating”, temperature standard. We will present our measurements of quantum backaction at room temperature and will report current progress on this on-going project in quantum metrology. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 9:24AM - 9:36AM |
A27.00006: Noise Thermometry for Macroscopic Cavity Optomechanics Jacob Pate, Alessandro Castelli, Luis Martinez, Johnathon Thompson, Raymond Chiao, Keith Schwab, Jay Sharping We are in the phase of developing macroscopic optomechanical systems using superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cylindrical cavities. One of the important steps for optomechanics is observing and calibrating the noise thermometry of the system, in terms of both cavity and mechanical occupation. One such improvement with our optomechanical system includes a capacitive detector and driver placed on the outside of the SRF cavity. This integration allows us to induce motion in the membrane as well as observe the response. Here, we discuss the methods and results for developing a cm-scale optomechanical system. Despite a low vacuum optomechanical coupling coefficient (g0/2π ≈ 1 × 10−5 Hz), we anticipate a working structure that provides a platform for future macroscopic optomechanical systems. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 9:36AM - 9:48AM |
A27.00007: Strain engineering for ultra-coherent nanomechanical oscillators Amir Ghadimi, Sergey Fedorov, Nils Johan Engelsen, Mohammad Bereyhi, Dalziel Wilson, Tobias Kippenberg Elastic strain engineering utilizes stress to realize unusual material properties. For instance, strain is used to enhance the electron mobility in semiconductor thin films. In the context of nanomechanics, the pursuit of ultra-coherent resonators has led to intense study of “dissipation dilution”, a technique where the stiffness of a material is effectively increased without added loss. Dissipation dilution causes the anomalously high quality factor of thin-film Si3N4 nanomechanical resonators; however, the paradigm has so far relied only on the strain produced during material deposition. Geometric strain engineering techniques—capable of producing local stresses near the material yield strength—remain largely unexplored. Here, we will present a spatially non-uniform phononic crystal pattern, used to co-localize the strain and flexural motion of a Si3N4 nanobeam, while increasing the former to near the yield strength. This combined approach produces string-like modes with Qf products approaching 1015 Hz, exceeding previous values for a room-temperature mechanical oscillator of any size. The devices we have realized can have force sensitivities of aN/rtHz perform hundreds of quantum coherent cycles at room temperature, and attain Q>400 million at megahertz frequencies. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 9:48AM - 10:00AM |
A27.00008: Anomalous Optomechanical Damping Bradley Hauer, Paul Kim, Callum Doolin, Thomas Clark, John Davis One of the most compelling features of cavity optomechanics is the ability to manipulate the motion of a nanomechanical resonator at the limit imposed by quantum mechanics. For a conventional optomechanical interaction, dynamical backaction between the mechanical and optical degrees of freedom can be used to excite the resonator’s motion for a blue-detuned optical drive, while a red-detuned pump acts to dampen it. Here, however, I will present measurements of an optomechanical device that exhibits anomalous dynamical backaction, with damping on the blue side of the optical resonance and amplification on the red side. We further observe that this amplification effect can be used to induce a parametric instability in the device, driving its motion into self-oscillations, as well as causing hysteretic behavior in the optomechanical damping, spring effect and transmission through the cavity. We look to explain these counterintuitive results by going beyond the standard theory of radiation-pressure-driven optomechanics. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 10:00AM - 10:12AM |
A27.00009: Observation of Static Non-Reciprocity in an Optomechanical System Luyao Jiang, Haitan Xu, Jack Harris Non-reciprocal elements play an important role in the control of mechanical, electrical, and optical systems. One means of inducing non-reciprocity is provided by non-Hermitian systems, in which a system couples to its environment with gain and/or loss. We recently demonstrated non-reciprocal energy transfer between two vibrational modes in an optomechanical system by employing time-dependent operations via a control laser. Here we demonstrate non-reciprocal energy transfer in the same system, but using static control lasers. The non-reciprocity between the vibrational modes is shown to be more than 30dB. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 10:12AM - 10:24AM |
A27.00010: Probing sideband asymmetry in mechanical oscillators in the presence of thermal effects Itay Shomroni, Liu Qiu, Daniel Malz, Andreas Nunnenkamp, Tobias Kippenberg Sideband asymmtery is a hallmark of the quantum nature of mechanical oscillators, and has recently been observed in several types of systems. Asymmetry measurements may provide the absolute temperature of the oscillator, without need of calibration. We implement sideband asymmetry measurement in the well-resolved sideband regime by probing simultaneously with red- and blue-detuned probes. We show however that such measurement may be plagued by 'fake' asymmetry generated due to the presence of additional tones close to the optical resonance, such as another red-detuned strong cooling tone. The slow-oscillating intracavity field undergoes frequency conversion in the presence of nonlinear cavity effects, such as photothermal and Kerr effects, causing exchange of energy between red-detuned probes as well as generating new frequencies. We model these effects and elucidate the means to circumvent them. This phenomenon has wide-ranging implications for any scheme utilizing several probing/pumping tones, such as backaction evasion measurements, dissipative optical squeezing and mechanical squeezing schemes. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 10:24AM - 10:36AM |
A27.00011: Mechanical state preparation and tomography close to the quantum regime with nanosecond light pulses Juha Muhonen, Giada La Gala, Rick Leijssen, Ewold Verhagen Whereas continuous position measurements of a mechanical resonator are limited to the standard quantum limit (SQL), pulsed measurements can take ‘snapshots’ of the position with in principle unlimited precision. Beating the SQL with pulsed measurements requires resolving the position of the resonator with accuracy smaller than the zero-point fluctuations in a time much shorter than the oscillation period. This requires a large measurement bandwidth (optical cavity linewidth) while still maintaining a high ratio of the optomechanical coupling rate to the optical cavity linewidth. Here we report position measurements, with an accuracy of 16 times the mechanical ground state size, of a 3 MHz cryogenic nanomechanical resonator using nanosecond light pulses. We employ a sliced photonic crystal nanobeam in which subwavelength confinement leads to optomechanical single-photon cooperativities of 103 with an optical cavity linewidth of 20 GHz. We demonstrate tomography of conditional mechanical states, thermal squeezing and tracking of thermal dephasing. We discuss the outlook to use pulsed measurement protocols for quantum state preparation and optomechanical measurements of qubits |
Monday, March 5, 2018 10:36AM - 10:48AM |
A27.00012: A nonreciprocal reconfigurable microwave optomechanical circuit: isolation, circulation and directional amplification Laszlo Daniel Toth, Nathan Bernier, Marie Ioannou, Daniel Malz, Alexey Feofanov, Andreas Nunnenkamp, Tobias Kippenberg Nonreciprocal devices such as isolators or circulators are ubiquitous in a wide range of communication systems and are particularly indispensable in the readout chains of superconducting quantum circuits. Typically, the operation of these devices relies on ferrite materials. Here we realise reconfigurable nonreciprocal transmission between two microwave modes using purely optomechanical interactions in a superconducting electromechanical circuit. We analyse the transmission as well as the noise properties of this system. The scheme relies on the interference in two mechanical modes that mediate coupling between microwave cavities. We show how quantum-limited circulators can be realized with the same principle and discuss the progress towards all-optomechanically mediated directional amplifiers. The technology can be built on-chip without any external magnetic field, rendering it compatible with superconducting quantum circuits. The results also highlight the potential of utilising dissipation in multimode optomechanical systems. |
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