Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2017
Volume 62, Number 4
Monday–Friday, March 13–17, 2017; New Orleans, Louisiana
Session H27: Optical, Laser and High Frequency Devices |
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Sponsoring Units: FIAP Chair: Jeff Naughton, Boston College Room: 290 |
Tuesday, March 14, 2017 2:30PM - 2:42PM |
H27.00001: Coupling effects in the modal emission of colloidal quantum dot microdisk lasers. Evan Lafalce, Qingji Zheng, ChunHao Lin, Marcus Smith, Sidney Malak, Jaehan Jung, Young Yoon, Zhiqun Lin, Vladimir Tsukruk, Z. Valy Vardeny Solution-processed semiconductors such as colloidal quantum dots (CQD) are particularly suited materials for monolithic fabrication of laser microstructures because of their ease of fabrication and compatibility with conventional lithographic techniques. We use the functionality of core/alloyed-shell CQDs to fabricate microdisk lasers of variable size and study the resulting whispering-gallery mode laser emission. In particular we study the effects of near-field coupling on resonant modes of pairs of these lasers with sub-micrometer spacing. We demonstrate the occurrence of lasing modes that originate from the interaction between two such microdisks by means of varying the spatial distribution and magnitude of the gain and loss in the coupled-pair. The transition from emission of modes localized on a single disk to those of the interacting pair is accompanied by coalescence of eigen-frequencies and pump-induced turn-off of lasing, highlighting the role of parity-time symmetry and exceptional point physics. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 14, 2017 2:42PM - 2:54PM |
H27.00002: Enhancing optical communication with deep neural networks Sanjaya Lohani, Erin Knutson, Sam Tkach, Sean Huver, Ryan Glasser The spatial profile of optical modes may be altered such that they contain nonzero orbital angular momentum (OAM). Laguerre-Gauss (LG) states of light have a helical wavefront and well-defined OAM, and have recently been shown to allow for larger information transfer rates in optical communications as compared to using only Gaussian modes. A primary difficulty, however, is the accurate classification of different OAM optical states, which contain different values of OAM, in the detection stage. The difficulty in this differentiation increases as larger degrees of OAM are used. Here we show the performance of deep neural networks in the simultaneous classification of numerically generated, noisy, Laguerre-Gauss states with OAM value up to 100 can reach near 100{\%} accuracy. This method relies only on the intensity profile of the detected OAM states, avoiding bulky and difficult-to-implement methods that are required to measure the phase profile of the modes in the receiver of the communication platform. This allows for a simplification in the network design and an increase in performance when using states with large degrees of OAM. We anticipate that this approach will allow for significant advances in the development of optical communication technologies. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 14, 2017 2:54PM - 3:06PM |
H27.00003: A Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics Manufactured Power Inductor Based on A Ternary Hybrid Material System Yunsong Xie, Ru Chen Low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) is one of the most important techniques to produce circuits with high working frequency, multi-functionality and high integration. We have developed a methodology to enable a ternary hybrid material system being implemented into the LTCC manufacturing process. The co-firing sintering process can be divided into a densification and cooling process. In this method, a successful ternary hybrid material densification process is achieved by tuning the sintering profile of each material to match each other. The system integrity is maintained in the cooling process is obtained by develop a strong bonding at the interfaces of each materials. As a demonstration, we have construct a power inductor device made of the ternary material system including Ag, NiCuZn ferrite and non-magnetic ceramic. The power inductors well maintains its physical integrity after sintering. The microscopic images show no obvious sign of cracks or structural deformation. More importantly, despite the bonding between the ferrite and ceramic is enhanced by non-magnetic element diffusion, the undesired magnetic elements diffusion is effectively suppressed. The electric performance shows that the power handling capability is comparable to the current state of art device. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 14, 2017 3:06PM - 3:18PM |
H27.00004: High Density Shielded MEA / Optrode Arrays Jeff Naughton, Juan M. Varela, John P. Christianson, Thomas C. Chiles, Michael J. Burns, Michael J. Naughton We report on the development of a novel, high density, locally-shielded neuroelectronic / optoelectronic array architecture, useful for bioelectronics and neurophysiology [1]. The device has been used in real time to noninvasively couple to leech neurons, allowing for extracellular recording of synaptic activity in the form of spontaneous synapse firing in pre- and post-synaptic somata. In addition, we show by subtly altering the architecture the ability for optical integration with the device -- that is, it can function as both a local light delivery conduit and a recording electrode. We utilized this novel device to optically elicit and electrically record membrane currents in HEK293 cells transfected with plasmids encoding ChR2-YFP (i.e. optogenetics). Finally, we show that the local (Faraday) shield is effective in isolating the sensing area, so as to record only from cells in immediate proximity. This effective isolation or cross-talk suppression is important for moving closer to ``ground truth'' measurements of neurons, critical to the development of valid spike sorting algorithms. [1] J.R. Naughton, et al., Front. Neurosci. 10, 252 (2016). doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00252 . [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 14, 2017 3:18PM - 3:30PM |
H27.00005: Saturation of Refractive Index Modulation in Photosensitive Materials. Sergiy Mokhov Photosensitive materials such as photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass are used in the fabrication of resonant reflective optical elements like volume Bragg gratings (VBG) for operation with high power laser beams. Fabrication process consists of initial UV expose with periodically modulated intensity formed in holographic recording setup and the following thermal development of a specimen converting imprinted expose pattern into refractive index modulation (RIM). Typical amplitude of RIM required for high reflectivity of narrow-band VBG is a couple of hundreds of ppm (part per million), and it is developed in the regime of linear photosensitivity of glass. At high expose dosage the photosensitivity saturates and refractive index change reaches a maximum value of approximately two thousands of ppm. Chirped Bragg gratings (CBG) with linearly varying modulation period are used for stretching/compression of short laser pulses with wide spectral range. In this case, the amplitude of RIM should be as large as possible since monochromatic spectral component reflects over short distance inside CBG. The amplitude of RIM at high dosages gains periodic profile significantly distorted from sinusoidal one due to saturability of photosensitivity. We derived analytical expressions for the efficient amplitude of RIM providing an actual resonant Bragg reflection for photosensitivity curves of hyperbolic and exponential shapes. These results are important for implementing proper holographic recording procedures since high dosages require long recording times and lead to side effects such as increased material absorption. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 14, 2017 3:30PM - 3:42PM |
H27.00006: A SRF niobium cylindrical cavity with a large silicon nitride niobium-coated membrane as one end-wall Luis Martinez, Alessandro Castelli, Jacob Pate, Johnathon Thompson, William Delmas, Jay Sharping, Raymond Chiao The development of large silicon nitride membranes and niobium film deposition techniques motivate new architectures in opto-mechanics and microwave devices that can exploit the extremely high Q's obtainable with superconducting radio frequency (SRF) niobium cavities. We present a X-band SRF cylindrical cavity-membrane system in which one end-wall of the cavity is replaced by a niobium coated centimeter-sized silicon nitride membrane. We report moderately high Q factors above 10 million. Experimental results characterizing the system and potential future applications for such schemes in microwave devices and optomechanics are discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 14, 2017 3:42PM - 3:54PM |
H27.00007: Frequency-tunable SRF cavities for microwave opto-mechanics Alessandro Castelli, Luis Martinez, Jacob Pate, Johnathon Thompson, Raymond Chiao, Jay Sharping Three dimensional SRF (Superconducting Radio Frequency) cavities are known for achieving high quality factors (Q$=$10$^{9}$ or higher) but suffer from limited frequency tunability once fabricated and cooled to superconducting temperatures. Our end-wall design allows for numerous applications of cavity tuning at temperatures as low as 40 millikelvin. Using a bimorphic piezoelectric transducer, we demonstrate approximately 15 MHz of resonance tunability for the TE011 mode at cryogenic temperatures in a cylindrical reactor grade niobium (Nb) cavity (10{\%} of the range at room temperature). This range doubles when using tunable end-walls on both cavity ends. We report on techniques for improving the Q of multi-component cavities including the use of concave end-walls to reduce fields near the cylinder ends and indium O-rings to reduce resistive losses at the gaps. Three-dimensional SRF cavities of this type have potential applications to quantum information science, precision displacement metrology, and quantum electro-dynamics. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 14, 2017 3:54PM - 4:06PM |
H27.00008: Using Superconducting Microwave Resonators to Measure the Dielectric Constant and Quality Factor of Ortho-Carborane-Capped Aluminum Nanoparticle Thin Films Jacob Brewster, Xander Benziger, Paul Jelliss, David Wisbey Incorporating nanomaterials into electronic devices is an important challenge both commercially and for many areas of research. Lithographed superconducting microwave resonators (micro-resonators) are also important in many applications including quantum information and microwave kinetic inductance detectors. We use niobium micro-resonators as a tool to study thin films of ortho-carborane-capped aluminum nanoparticles. The thin films of nanoparticles were deposited in solution on micro-resonators and allowed to dry. The micro-resonators with and without these deposited thin films were then cooled to 50 mK using an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator and the quality factor was measured using a vector network analyzer. By measuring the change in resonance frequency of covered and uncovered micro-resonators, the dielectric constant of the deposited ortho-carborane-capped aluminum nanoparticles thin film was extracted. This method could be used to test the dielectric constant and quality factor a wide variety of nanoparticle thin films. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 14, 2017 4:06PM - 4:18PM |
H27.00009: Methods of long-range holographic optical trapping Aaron Yevick, Argha Mondal, David Grier Holographic techniques can create three-dimensional light fields which may be used, among many other applications, for optical manipulation of micron-scale particles. This is achieved by a laser beam interacting with a phase-controlling spatial light modulator. We investigate different optical configurations that may be used for projecting three-dimensional light fields as well as their limitations. We evaluate these possibilities in the context of optical micromanipulation and "tractor beams", traveling light fields that can pull microscopic objects towards its source. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 14, 2017 4:18PM - 4:30PM |
H27.00010: Spontaneous emission enhancement of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals. Zhili Yang, Edo Waks Halide perovskite semiconductors have emerged as prominent photovoltaic materials since their high conversion efficiency and promising light emitting materials in optoelectronics. In particular, easy-to-fabricated colloidal perovskite nanocrystals based on CsPbX3 quantum dots has been intensively investigated recently. Their luminescent wavelength could be tuned precisely by their chemical composition and size of growth. This opens new applications including light-emitting diodes, optical amplifiers and lasing since their promising performance as emitters. However, this potentially high-efficient emitter and gain material has not been fully investigated and realized in integrated photonic structures. Here we demonstrate Purcell enhancement effect of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals by coupling to an optimized photonic crystal nanobeam cavity as a first crucial step towards realization of integrated on-chip coherent light source with low energy consumption. We show clearly highly-enhanced photoluminescent spectrum and an averaged Purcell enhancement factor of 2.9 is achieved when they are coupled to nanobeam photonic crystal cavities compared to the ones on unpatterned surface in our lifetime measurement. Our success in enhancement of emission from CsPbX3 perovskite nanocrystals paves the way towards the realization of efficient light sources for integrated optoelectronic devices with low energy consumption. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 14, 2017 4:30PM - 4:42PM |
H27.00011: Metal-Insulator-Metal Nanocoaxial Waveguides by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Y. M. Calm, J. M. Merlo, B. E. Carter, M. J. Burns, K. Kempa, M. J. Naughton The nanocoaxial waveguide has demonstrated subwavelength confinement and routing of visible\footnote{J. Rybczynski \textit{et al.}, \textit{Appl. Phys. Lett.} \textbf{90}, 021104 (2007)} and NIR\footnote{J. M. Merlo \textit{et al}., \textit{Opt. Expr.} \textbf{22}, 14148 (2014)} light. Confinement in a nanophotonic waveguide is achieved by choice in geometry and in materials. Our interest in the coaxial geometry is two-fold: first, the fabrication is relatively straightforward; and second, the fundamental mode has no cutoff, admitting the possibility of ‘extreme’ confinement (given suitable materials). Our metal and insulator layers, grown by ALD, are Pt and Al$_2$O$_3$, respectively, and we leverage the \textit{conformal} nature of ALD to produce high aspect ratio nanocoaxes, which we have fabricated both in the plane (i.e. “horizontal”) and normal to the plane (i.e. “vertical”) of the substrate using electron beam lithography. We perform optical transmission measurements with our customized microscopes (widefield and nearfield scanning), and we characterize these structures further with various forms of metrology and other microscopies. Experimental and computational progress towards increasing the coupling efficiency between radiation and guided modes is discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 14, 2017 4:42PM - 4:54PM |
H27.00012: Observation and Analysis of Optical Gain in GeSn Waveguides at room temperature Zairui Li, Yun Zhao, James Gallagher, John Kouvetakis, Imad Agha, Jay Mathews, Jose Menendez CMOS-compatible optoelectronic devices are an important area of research for the semiconductor industry. The development of Si-based lasers has potentials for optical interconnects and photonic integrated circuits, is still a major challenge. The recent demonstration of lasing in GeSn waveguides at low temperature shows that these materials could be a pathway. In this work, we present an observation of significant nonlinear optical emission from GeSn -on-Si waveguides operating at room temperature. We also present a physical model for the emission in order to understand the effects of carrier generation and recombination in GeSn alloys. Experimentally, waveguides were fabricated from GeSn films grown epitaxially on Si(100) substrates. After mirror polishes the facets, a 976nm wavelength solid-state laser optical-pump was applied onto the waveguide at room temperature and the corresponding emission power was observed. The results show strong nonlinear dependence on pump power, indicating optical gain. Since the emission is incoherent, we modeled the results as amplified spontaneous emission. Shockley-Read-Hall and Auger recombination was considered, and we calculate the spontaneous emission spectrum, the optical gain in the material, and the total power emitted from the waveguide. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 14, 2017 4:54PM - 5:06PM |
H27.00013: Spin-wave waveguides and optical magnonics in one-dimensional NiO nanorods Yuan-Ron Ma Recently, the antiferromagnetic magnon property of NiO has also attracted much attention for use in magnonics, such as terahertz (THz) radiation, and magnetization control. However, apart from the studies mentioned above, there have been no successful uses of NiO in magnonics, because it is difficult to perceive the spin waves and magnonic functions in various nanostructures. Here we show the two-magnon (2M) THz spin-wave waveguides and optical magnonics in the one-dimensional (1D) NiO nanorods because the 1D morphology is more applicable to nanoelectronics and nanodevices as well as waveguides. Their average length of \textasciitilde 700 nm makes the 1D NiO nanorods the smallest spin-wave waveguides. In addition, the polarized laser beam passing through the 1D NiO nanorods at various incident angles and at an applied alternating-current (AC) magnetic field perpendicular to the growth direction of the 1D NiO nanorods can generate and interact with the spin waves in the 1D NiO nanorods. Due to the magneto-optical Faraday effect (MOFE), the change in the Faraday intensity can show the 2M information in the 1D NiO nanorods. There are only two MOFE results at various incident angles and AC magnetic fields, which represent the 2M-on and 2M-off states, and it is these states that give 1D NiO nanorods very good potential for use in optical nano-magnonics. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 14, 2017 5:06PM - 5:18PM |
H27.00014: Development of thin semi-rigid coaxial cables as low-pass filter using bilayer structure in center conductors Akihiro Kushino, Yusei Yamamoto, Tetsuya Okuyama, Soichi Kasai We have developed and evaluated thin semi-rigid coaxial cables as the noise filter for readout in low temperature experiments. The cables reported have 0.86 mm outer diameters consisting of seamless outer conductor, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) dielectric, and center conductor made of superconducting niobium-titanium (NbTi). Each center conductor has surficial cladding made of normal conductor in different thickness. We had reported that we can adjust attenuation magnitude and cut-off frequency of the semi-rigid cable in the range about 100 \textasciitilde 500 MHz by controlling cable length and/or thickness of cladding. We newly manufactured this type of low-pass filter cables using stainless-steel (SUS304) as the material for cladding which has higher electrical resistivity than that of cupro-nickel (CuNi). It enables high filtering efficiency, i.e. large attenuation at the same frequency, compared to those made of conventional CuNi-based low-pass-filter cables. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, March 14, 2017 5:18PM - 5:30PM |
H27.00015: Compact 1.5-GHz intra-burst repetition rate Yb-doped all-PM-fiber laser system for ablation-cooled material removal Onder Akcaalan, Hamit Kalaycioglu, F. Omer Ilday Although fs fiber laser systems are powerful technologies for material and tissue processing, limited ablation rates and high energy are drawbacks. Recently, we identified a new regime of laser-material interaction, ablation-cooled laser material removal, where the repetition rate has to be high enough so that the targeted spot size cannot cool down substantially by heat conduction which scales down ablation threshold by several orders of magnitude and reduces thermal effects to the bulk of the target. This opens the door to simplified laser systems for processing. In order to exploit this regime in tissue processing, a compact all-PM-fiber laser amplifier system with an intra-burst repetition rate of 1.5 GHz is developed on a 40 x 65 cm platform. The system is able to produce bursts ranging from 20-ns to 65-ns duration with 20 uJ to 80 uJ total energy, respectively, and pulses with up to 2 uJ individual energy and burst repetition rate ranging from 25 kHz to 200 kHz. The seed signal is generated by a home-built all-normal dispersion oscillator with 385 MHz repetition rate and converted to approximately 1.5 GHz by a multiplier. Amplified pulses are compressed to approximately 250-fs, the shortest pulse width for burst-mode fiber laser systems known to date. [Preview Abstract] |
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