Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2016
Volume 61, Number 2
Monday–Friday, March 14–18, 2016; Baltimore, Maryland
Session P52: Optomechanics and Hybrid Systems III: Fundamental Methods and Applications |
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Sponsoring Units: DAMOP FIAP Chair: Chen-lung Hung, Purdue University Room: Hilton Baltimore Holiday Ballroom 3 |
Wednesday, March 16, 2016 2:30PM - 2:42PM |
P52.00001: A general framework for analyzing pulsed optomechancal systems Bassam Helou, Belinda Pang, Haixing Miao, Yanbei Chen One difficulty in understanding driven optomechanical systems comes from keeping track of the continuum of input and output optical modes. Can we formulate a simpler description? In the case of optical pulses of finite duration, the answer is yes. The dynamics of the joint optical and mechanical system can be summarized by a finite number of generalized modes! On the other hand, the analysis of the entanglement structure between the mechanics and optics is more involved, but could be approximated by a simple and bounded structure. Our work has immediate applications to the quantum engineering of optomechanical setups. We rigorously justify the formalism used in proposals for arbitrary Fock state preparation, extend the proposals to more realistic setups, and propose additional state preparation and state transfer protocols. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 16, 2016 2:42PM - 2:54PM |
P52.00002: Quench dynamics in optomechanical arrays Sadegh Raeisi, Vittorio Peano, Florian Marquardt Optomechanical arrays are a novel quantum system that provide a promising tool for exploring many-body physics. The tunablity of optomechanical arrays can be exploited for studying the non-equilibrium dynamics. Despite the technological challenges, experimental implementation of simple one-dimensional systems seems feasible in the next few years. Here we focus on the non-equilibrium dynamics of one-dimensional optomechanical arrays and investigate the quench dynamics in these systems. In particular, we study the topological properties and phases of these one-dimensional optomechanical arrays. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 16, 2016 2:54PM - 3:06PM |
P52.00003: Correlated anomalous phase diffusion of sideband-excited phonons in an electromechanical resonator Xiaoshi Dong, Fengpei Sun, Jie Zou, Mark Dykman, Hobun Chan We study the phase fluctuations of self-sustained oscillations induced by dynamical backaction in a micromechanical resonator. The resonatorhas two vibrational modes with strongly differing frequencies and decay rates. The high-frequency mode acts as a phonon cavity mode, playing a similar role as photon modes in optomechanical systems. When sufficiently strong pumping is applied at the blue-detuned sideband of the cavity, the dynamical backaction leads to a parametric instability accompanied by self-sustained oscillations. We find that self-sustained oscillations are induced not only in the low frequency mechanical mode, but also in the high frequency cavity mode. The nonlinear nature of the backaction leads to hysteresis of this self-sustained oscillations. In each mode, the phase undergoes anomalous diffusion, where the mean square phase change in time follows a superlinear power law. The exponent of this power law is determined by the 1/f-type intrinsic frequency noise of the resonator. Remarkably, the phase fluctuation of the two modes show near perfect anti-correlation, our findings show that self-sustained oscillations induced by dynamical backaction offer new opportunities of phase manipulation and investigation of fundamental properties of resonating. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 16, 2016 3:06PM - 3:18PM |
P52.00004: Topological energy transfer in an optomechanical system with an exceptional point Haitan Xu, David Mason, Luyao Jiang, Jack Harris We have measured an exceptional point in a cryogenic cavity optomechanical system, and have studied its topological properties. An exceptional point is a topological defect in the spectrum of a pair of coupled oscillators at which the system's two complex eigenvalues coalesce. We monitored the evolution of two mechanical oscillators while using a laser to encircle the exceptional point, thereby realizing topological energy transfer between mechanical modes. Moreover, by reversing the encircling direction, we observe the breakdown of the adiabatic theorem and show that the energy transfer possesses a diode-like asymmetry. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 16, 2016 3:18PM - 3:30PM |
P52.00005: Optomechanical synchronization phenomena in the presence of (quantum) noise Talitha Weiss, Andreas Kronwald, Stefan Walter, Florian Marquardt Synchronization is a phenomenon that appears in various natural and man-made systems. Optomechanical limit-cycle oscillators can synchronize when they are coupled to each other or to an external periodic force. Classically, in the absence of noise, different synchronization regimes can be identified. Notably, optomechanical systems tend to synchronize either in-phase or anti-phase. We investigate how the synchronization behaviour is affected in the presence of the fundamental quantum noise (arXiv:1507.06190). We find a regime where fluctuations drive transitions between the classical synchronization states and explore the quantum-to-classical crossover. Finally, we compare the effects of quantum noise to the effects of thermal noise. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 16, 2016 3:30PM - 3:42PM |
P52.00006: Stochastic dynamics and phase-field roughening in optomechanical oscillator arrays Roland Lauter, Aditi Mitra, Florian Marquardt We consider arrays of coupled optomechanical systems, each of which consists of a laser-driven optical mode interacting with a mechanical (vibrational) mode. For sufficiently strong laser driving, the mechanical modes can settle into stable finite-amplitude oscillations on a limit cycle. We study the collective classical nonlinear dynamics of the phases of these oscillators, which is effectively described by an extension of the well-known Kuramoto model. In this extended model, we study the effect of noise on the dynamics in the case of homogeneous-phase initial conditions. We analytically establish a connection to the physics of surface growth as described by the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang model. Simulations of one-dimensional arrays of our model indeed show roughening of the phase field and universal scaling of the phase-field width. In contrast to the continuum Kardar-Parisi-Zhang model, our model is a genuine lattice model. We discuss interesting effects due to this difference, including crossover timescales and the role of instabilities of the roughening process. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 16, 2016 3:42PM - 3:54PM |
P52.00007: Topological Transport of Light and Sound Christian Brendel, Vittorio Peano, Michael Schmidt, Florian Marquardt Since they exploit global features of a material’s band structure, topological states of matter are particularly robust. Having already been observed for electrons, atoms, and photons, it is an outstanding challenge to create a Chern insulator of sound waves in the solid state. In this work, we propose an implementation based on cavity optomechanics in a photonic crystal. We demonstrate the feasibility of our proposal by means of an effective lattice model as well as first principle simulations. The topological properties of the sound waves can be wholly tuned in situ by adjusting the amplitude and frequency of a driving laser that controls the optomechanical interaction between light and sound. The resulting chiral, topologically protected phonon transport can be probed completely optically. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 16, 2016 3:54PM - 4:06PM |
P52.00008: ORIGIN AND IMPLICATIONS OF $A^2$ -LIKE CONTRIBUTION IN THE QUANTIZATION OF CIRCUIT-QED SYSTEMS Mohammad Moein Malekakhlagh, Hakan Tureci It is known that the electromagnetic modal structure of a cavity is modified by placing an atom into it. In cavity QED, this phenomenon manifests itself through the appearance of the $A^2$-contribution, a gauge-dependent diamagnetic term. Despite the negligible effect in the case of atomic cavity QED systems, in recent superconducting circuit realizations [1] these corrections may be observable and have qualitative implications. In this talk [2], we revisit the canonical quantization of a circuit QED system consisting of a single superconducting transmon qubit coupled to a multimode superconducting microwave resonator. We introduce a new set of modes that properly satisfies current conservation in the entire circuit and discuss how in terms of this set of modes, light-matter coupling can deviate drastically from the previous theories in the literature. Finally, we present a sum rule for the dipole transition matrix elements of a multi-level transmon qubit which provides an upper bound for the possible light-matter coupling strengths. [1] Neereja M. Sundaresan, Yanbing Liu, Darius Sadri, Laszlo J. Szocs, Devin L. Underwood, Moein Malekakhlagh, Hakan E. Tureci, Andrew A. Houck, Phys. Rev. X 5, 021035 [2] Moein Malekakhlagh and Hakan E. Tureci, arXiv:1506.02773 (2015) [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 16, 2016 4:06PM - 4:18PM |
P52.00009: Dynamical Gauge Fields in Optomechanics Stefan Walter, Florian Marquardt Artificial gauge fields for neutral particles such as photons, recently attracted a lot of attention in various fields ranging from photonic crystals to ultracold atoms in optical lattices to optomechanical arrays. Here we point out that, among all implementations of gauge fields, the optomechanical setting allows for the most natural extension where the gauge field becomes dynamical. The mechanical oscillation phases determine the effective artificial magnetic field for the photons, and once these phases are allowed to evolve, they respond to the flow of photons in the structure. We discuss a simple three-site model where we identify four different regimes of the gauge-field dynamics. Furthermore, we extend the discussion to a two-dimensionallattice. Our proposed scheme could for instance be implemented using optomechanical crystals. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 16, 2016 4:18PM - 4:30PM |
P52.00010: Topologically Reconfigurable Atomic Lattice Quantum Metamaterial. Pankaj Jha, Michael Mrejen, Jeongmin Kim, Chihhui Wu, Yuan Wang, Yuri Rostovtsev, Xiang Zhang Metamaterials have attracted unprecedented attention owing to their exceptional light-matter interaction properties. However, harnessing metamaterial at single photon or few photon excitations is still a long way to go due to several critical challenges such as optical loss, defects to name a few. Here we introduce and theoretically demonstrate a novel platform toward quantum metamaterial, immune to aforementioned challenges, with ultra-cold neutral atoms trapped in an artificial crystal of light. Such periodic atomic density grating --an atomic lattice- exhibits extreme anisotropic optical response where it behaves like a metal in one direction but dielectric along orthogonal directions. We harness the interacting dark resonance physics to eliminate the absorption loss and demonstrate an all-optical and ultra-fast control over the photonic topological transition from a close to an open topology at the same frequency. Such atomic lattice quantum metamaterial enables dynamic manipulation of the decay rate of a quantum emitter by more than an order of magnitude. Our proposal brings together two important contemporary realm of science -- cold atom physics and metamaterial for applications in both fundamental and applied science. Atomic lattice quantum metamaterial may provide new opportunities, at single or few photon level, for quantum sensing, quantum information processing with metamaterials. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 16, 2016 4:30PM - 4:42PM |
P52.00011: Optomechanical Quantum Correlation Thermometry T. P. Purdy, K. E. Grutter, M. I. Davanco, K. Srinivasan, J. M. Taylor We present an optomechanical approach for producing accurate thermometry over a wide temperature range using quantum Brownian motion. Optical measurements induce quantum correlations in an optomechanical system when quantum-limited intensity fluctuations of a probe laser drive mechanical motion. The size of the correlations in the weak probe limit are dictated by the scale of individual phonons. We have recently measured optomechanical quantum correlations in the cross correlation spectrum between the amplitude and phase fluctuations of a single probe laser interacting with a silicon nitride optomechanical crystal. These correlations are independent of thermally-induced Brownian motion. However, Brownian motion does simultaneously produce much larger correlation signals between other optical quadratures. A comparison of the size of thermally-induced correlations to quantum correlations allows us to absolutely calibrate Brownian motion thermometry to the mechanical energy quantization scale. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 16, 2016 4:42PM - 4:54PM |
P52.00012: Energy decay measurements in graphene-based mechanical resonators Peter Weber, Johannes G\"uttinger, Adrien Noury, Joel Moser, Adrian Bachtold Shrinking nanomechanical resonators has led to new record sensitivities in mass and force detection and has provided novel insights into the rich physics of mechanical nonlinearities. However, the high sensitivity and enhanced nonlinearities in ultra small resonators pose new challenges for the detection of motion. This has so far prevented a more detailed investigation of the energy decay, which is the key figure of merit for most technological and scientific applications. Here we present a method to carry out time-resolved energy decay measurements of few-layer graphene resonators. In the high vibration amplitude regime, we observe a strong deviation from previous energy decay measurements. Contrary to expectations, the exponential decay rate decreases abruptly at a few threshold amplitudes. At the lowest measured vibrational amplitude, the energy decay rate is weakest, corresponding to quality factors that can surpass 1 million. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 16, 2016 4:54PM - 5:06PM |
P52.00013: Demonstration of the reversed dissipation regime in cavity electro-mechanics A.K. Feofanov, L.D. Toth, N.R. Bernier, T.J. Kippenberg Cavity optomechanical phenomena, such as cooling, amplification or optomechanically induced transparency, emerge due to a strong imbalance in the dissipation rates of the parametrically coupled electromagnetic and mechanical resonators. Here we explore experimentally for the first time the reversed dissipation regime where the mechanical energy relaxation rate exceeds the energy decay rate of the electromagnetic cavity. We demonstrate optomechanically induced modifications of the microwave cavity resonance frequency and decay rate as well as mechanically-induced amplification of the electromagnetic mode and self-sustained oscillations (maser action) with high spectral purity of emitted microwave tone. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 16, 2016 5:06PM - 5:18PM |
P52.00014: Ground state cooling of a nanomechanical resonator using electron transport in hybrid systems. Gianluca Rastelli, Pascal Stadler, Wolfgang Belzig A still open challenge in nanoelectromechanical systems is the achievement of the quantum regime via active cooling and using electron transport. I will discuss active ground state cooling in a bottom-up device, viz. a carbon nanotube quantum dot suspended between two electric nano-contacts, and for two different coherent transport regimes: (i) spin-polarized current between two ferromagnets and (ii) sub-gap Andreev current between a superconductor and a normal metal. I will show that efficient ground state cooling of the resonator can be achieved for realistic parameters of the system and varying the transport parameters, e.g. gate voltage, magnetic field, etc. Finally I will discuss the signatures in the current-voltage characteristics of the non-equilibrium state of the nanoresonator. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 16, 2016 5:18PM - 5:30PM |
P52.00015: Laser cooling of a harmonic oscillator's bath with optomechanics Xunnong Xu, Jacob Taylor Thermal noise reduction in mechanical systems is a topic both of fundamental interest for studying quantum physics at the macroscopic level and for application of interest, such as building high sensitivity mechanics based sensors. Similar to laser cooling of neutral atoms and trapped ions, the cooling of mechanical motion by radiation pressure can take single mechanical modes to their ground state. Conventional optomechanical cooling is able to introduce additional damping channel to mechanical motion, while keeping its thermal noise at the same level, and as a consequence, the effective temperature of the mechanical mode is lowered. However, the ratio of temperature to quality factor remains roughly constant, preventing dramatic advances in quantum sensing using this approach. Here we propose an efficient scheme for reducing the thermal load on a mechanical resonator while improving its quality factor. The mechanical mode of interest is assumed to be weakly coupled to its heat bath but strongly coupled to a second mechanical mode, which is cooled by radiation pressure coupling to a red detuned cavity field. We also identify a realistic optomechanical design that has the potential to realize this novel cooling scheme. [Preview Abstract] |
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