Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2015
Volume 60, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 2–6, 2015; San Antonio, Texas
Session T9: Physics and Applications of Photonics and Lasers |
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Sponsoring Units: FIAP Chair: Aleksei Zheltikov, Texas A&M University Room: 006D |
Thursday, March 5, 2015 11:15AM - 11:27AM |
T9.00001: Formation of a single attosecond pulse from the resonant XUV radiation on a steep front edge of a strong IR field Timur Akhmedzhanov, Vladimir Antonov, Olga Kocharovskaya Formation of isolated attosecond pulses is one of the key aims of modern optics. Such pulses with the carrier frequency below the threshold of atomic ionization would provide a tool for studying ultrafast bound dynamics of atoms and molecules. Recently, a mechanism to form a single attosecond pulse from an incident XUV radiation via abrupt interruption of its resonant interaction with hydrogenlike atoms on a steep front edge of a strong IR field was proposed [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 213903 (2013)]. If the front edge of the IR field is steep enough, the atoms, essentially unaffected by the IR field during one half-period, can be completely ionized during subsequent half-period of the IR field. Thus, the transient multifrequency atomic response to the XUV radiation is limited to an ultrashort time interval, providing the possibility for attosecond pulse formation. In this contribution, we present the results of solution of time-dependent Schrodinger equation for He atoms simultaneously irradiated by the resonant XUV field and a pulse of strong IR field with steep front edge, which show the possibility to form an isolated attosecond pulse with duration on the order of few hundred attoseconds under the experimentally feasible conditions. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 5, 2015 11:27AM - 11:39AM |
T9.00002: Optical breakdown criterion for single-cycle laser pulses Peter Zhokhov, Aleksei Zheltikov The Keldysh theory of photoionization in solids is generalized to the case of arbitrarily short driving pulses of any shape or polarization. We derive a closed-form solution for the nonadiabatic ionization rate and field-driven currents in the solid-state electron-hole plasma. Using this framework, we propose a new criterion for optical breakdown of solids that depends on the pulse shape and is applicable to laser pulses as short as a single optical cycle. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 5, 2015 11:39AM - 11:51AM |
T9.00003: Large Optical Nonlinearity Induced by Singlet Fission in Pentacene Films Yunlong Liu, Chunfeng Zhang, Min Xiao By creating two triplet excitons from one photo-excited singlet exciton, singlet fission in organic semiconductors has drawn tremendous attention for its potential application in boosting the efficiency of solar conversion. Here, we show that this carrier-multiplication effect can be used to dramatically improve the nonlinear optical response in organic materials. With the technique of dual-wavelength optical Kerr effect (OKE), we have observed large optical nonlinearity with a magnitude of $\chi^{(3)}$ up to 10$^{-9}$ esu in pentacene films, which is further shown to be a result of singlet fission as demonstrated by the detailed temporal dynamics and wavelength dependence experiment. Through the use of optical heterodyne detected OKE experiment, we have determined both the sign and value of Re$\chi^{(3)}$ of the pentacene film. Such efficient third order nonlinear optical response has been successfully applied to demonstrate the all-optical switching. The results observed in this work indicate that the singlet fission could be served as an effective strategy to promote the optical nonlinearity in organic molecule systems. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 5, 2015 11:51AM - 12:03PM |
T9.00004: Incorporation of C in Cu for the Fabrication of Transparent Electrodes Romaine Isaacs, Hongli Zhu, Colin Preston, Peter Zavali, Azzam Mansour, Melbs LeMieux, Liangbing Hu, Lourdes Salamanca-Riba The incorporation of carbon nanostructures into the copper lattice has the potential to improve the current density of copper to meet the ever-increasing demands of nanoelectronic devices. We report on the structure and properties of a new material formed by the incorporation of carbon in concentrations up to 10 wt{\%} into the crystal structure of copper that we refer to as ``Cu covetic''. The carbon does not phase separate after subsequent melting and re-solidification despite the absence of a predicted solid solution at such concentrations in the binary phase diagram. Bulk samples, as well as thin films grown at room temperature and high temperature are investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that C incorporates in the bulk of the Cu. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) shows that C forms a modulated structure in the crystal lattice, and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) indicates that C-K edge has graphitic nature with \textit{sp2} bonding. Copper covetic films exhibit greater transparency, higher conductivity, and resistance to oxidation than pure copper films of the same thickness, making them a suitable choice for transparent conductors. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 5, 2015 12:03PM - 12:15PM |
T9.00005: Reflective Optical Limiter Based on Resonant Transmission Eleana Makri, Tsampikos Kottos, Ilya Vitebskiy Optical limiters transmit low-level radiation while blocking electromagnetic pulses with excessively high energy (energy limiters) or with excessively high peak intensity (power limiters). A typical optical limiter absorbs most of the high-level radiation which can cause its overheating and destruction. Here we introduce the novel concept of a reflective energy limiter which blocks electromagnetic pulses with excessively high total energy by reflecting them back to space, rather than absorbing them. The idea is to use a defect layer with temperature dependent loss tangent embedded in a low-loss photonic structure. The low energy pulses with central frequency close to that of the localized defect mode will pass through. But if the cumulative energy carried by the pulse exceeds certain level, the entire photonic structure becomes highly reflective (not absorptive!) within a broad frequency range. The underlying physical mechanism is based on self-regulated impedance mismatch which increases dramatically with the cumulative energy carried by the pulse. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 5, 2015 12:15PM - 12:27PM |
T9.00006: Coupling control based on Adiabatic elimination for densely integrated nano-photonics Michael Mrejen, Haim Suchowski, Taiki Hatakeyama, Chihhui Wu, Liang Feng, Kevin O'brien, Yuan Wang, Xiang Zhang The ever growing need for energy-efficient and fast communications is driving the development of highly integrated photonic circuits where controlling light at the nanoscale becomes the most critical aspect of information transfer. Here we develop a unique scheme of adiabatic elimination (AE) modulation to actively control the coupling among waveguides for densely integrated photonics. Analogous to atomic systems, AE is achieved by applying a decomposition on a three waveguide coupler, where the two outer waveguides serve as an effective two-mode system with an effective coupling of V$_{eff}=$[(V*$_{13}+$V*$_{23}$V*$_{12}$/$\Delta \beta_{12})$(V$_{13}$-V$_{23}$V$_{12}$/$\Delta \beta _{23})$]$^{1/2}$,and the middle waveguide is the equivalent to the intermediate level `dark state'. We experimentally demonstrate the first all optical AE modulation and its ability to control the coupling between the two waveguides by manipulating the mode index of the decoupled middle one. In addition, we show that the strong modes interactions allowed at the nano-scale offer a unique configuration of zero-coupling between all the waveguides, a phenomena that paves the way for ultra-high density photonic integrated circuits where small footprint is of crucial importance. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 5, 2015 12:27PM - 12:39PM |
T9.00007: A Moir\'{e} Cavity Plasmonic Dye Laser Ertugrul Karademir, Sinan Balci, Coskun Kocabas, Atilla Aydinli From its first conception [1] to its first demonstration, [2] plasmonic lasers have been an intriguing topic of research. In this work, Moir\'{e} gratings which manifest a cavity state in the SPP dispersion curve [3]. We used a reverse Kretschmann setup to decouple the amplified light component of SPPs. We employed a Moir\'{e} cavity with 250$+$256 nm periodicity together with a Styryl 7 laser dye dissolved in ethylene glycol in 5 mM concentration and obtained a lasing at 718 nm. Pumping threshold was 1.5 mJ/cm$^{\mathrm{2}}$ with FWHM of 2.8 nm. Furthermore, periodicities of 242$+$248 nm and 260$+$266 nm resulted in proportional shift of the lasing peak. We did not observe any lasing action on samples with Au and Ti coatings, although solely Au coated samples showed plasmonic modes in the spectrum. Resulting lasing peak is highly TM polarized. Reflection map measurements confirm that lasing mode is supported with the cavity state of the metallic Moir\'{e} cavity and simulations support reflection map measurements. Thus, we demonstrated, to our knowledge, the first plasmonic dye laser on a Moir\'{e} cavity. [1] D. J. Bergman and M. I. Stockman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 027402 (2003). [2] J. Seidel, S. Grafstr\"{o}m, and L. Eng, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 177401 (2005). [3] A. Kocabas, S. S. Senlik, and A. Aydinli, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 063901 (2009). [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 5, 2015 12:39PM - 12:51PM |
T9.00008: Supersymmetry and transformation optics Mohammad-Ali Miri, Matthias Heinrich, Demetrios Christodoulides Supersymmetry (SUSY) originated within the framework of quantum field theory as a means to treat fermions and bosons on an equal footing. While the verification of such theories remain an ongoing challenge in particle physics, some of their fundamental notions have been successfully adapted to other fields. As shown recently, optics can provide a versatile platform where the implications of supersymmetric transformations can be studied and observed. In this regard, any optical structure can be paired with a superpartner with similar guided wave and scattering properties. As a result, the guided mode spectra of these optical waveguide systems can be judiciously engineered so as to realize new families of mode filters and mode division multiplexers and demultiplexers. Here we show that the concept of supersymmetry can be used to synthesize scattering settings with identical scattering properties, thus giving rise to an entirely new class of transformation optics. By systematically eliminating all bound states, scattering arrangements with a low refractive index contrast can be designed to faithfully mimic the scattering behavior of high-contrast structures. Similar strategies can be used to replace negative-permittivity domains, thus avoiding unwanted optical losses. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 5, 2015 12:51PM - 1:03PM |
T9.00009: Controlling modal interactions in lasers for frequency selection and power enhancement Li Ge The laser is an out-of-equilibrium non-linear wave system where the interplay of the cavity geometry and non-linear wave interactions determines the self-organized oscillation frequencies and the associated spatial field patterns. Using the correspondence between nonlinear and linear systems, we propose a simple and systematic method to achieve selective excitation of lasing modes that would have been dwarfed by more dominant ones. The key idea is incorporating the control of modal interaction into the spatial pump profile. Our proposal is most valuable in the regime of spatially and spectrally overlapping modes, which can lead to a significant enhancement of laser power as well. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 5, 2015 1:03PM - 1:15PM |
T9.00010: Retrieval of contaminated information using random lasers Jinwei Shi, Dahe Liu, Libin Cui Data retrieval is an important information processing task. The most commonly used method in optical information processing is spatial filtering based on Fourier optics. However, these methods are very difficult to implement in practical applications. Over the last two decades, random lasers due to its cavity free property have attracted widespread attention. Some potential applications have been proposed; however, few actual applications were reported. Here we develop an information retrieval method based on random lasers, where the spatial frequency spectrum of a contaminated Fourier transform hologram can be obtained by detecting the temporal frequency spectrum information from random lasing. The hologram information can be reconstructed from an inverse Fourier transform of the spatial frequency spectrum obtained after data processing. It is shown that random lasers can be used for information retrieval, and may potentially find applications in information optics and optical data storage. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 5, 2015 1:15PM - 1:27PM |
T9.00011: Reflectivity Calculations on Hybrid-layered CdS/PVK Distributed Bragg Reflectors Javier Hasbun, Ajith DeSilva In this study we apply the Born theory [1] of wave propagation on a stratified medium to obtain the reflectivity and transmissivity of a series of distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR). The DBR's are made of pairs of identical alternating layers. Each pair of layers is referred to as a period. Thus, we grow DBR's of one, two, three, and four periods and study their reflectivity properties. Since each layer of a period has a different refractive index, constructive interference from the total reflected portion of light can be investigated to create effective reflectors. The DBR's can be made to act as optical mirrors to enhance certain wavelengths of light to be highly reflected. Due to the high refractive index difference between polyvinyl carbazole (PVK, index 1.683) and cadmium sulfide CdS (index 2.5), a greater reflectivity can be obtained from the structure for fewer periods. The constructed DBR data show theoretically fitted reflectivities with reflectances of about 27\%, 51\%, 64\%, and 80\% for the one, two, three, and four period structures, respectively, with a peak wavelength of 614 nm in the four period device.\\[4pt] [1] ``Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic theory of propagation, interference and diffraction of light,'' M. Born and E. Wolf, 7th Ed. (Cambridge UP, UK, 1999.) [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 5, 2015 1:27PM - 1:39PM |
T9.00012: Non Abelian artificial gauge field and topological invariants in optics Kyle Ballantine, Paul Eastham Photons experience a synthetic magnetic field when the phase of the electromagnetic wave changes as the light propagates. This varying phase is generally defined for a scalar field of uniform polarization. However light is a vector field and the polarization may also change as the field propagates; indeed this is generally unavoidable when the light scatters from defects or an interface. We show that the change in polarization and phase of a propagating beam of light gives rise to a non-Abelian gauge theory. We derive expressions for the gauge potential and field strength and calculate these for a specific example, a chiral biaxial medium. The phase winding number in such a medium is a half-integer, but it is not, in general, a topological invariant. We show that there is an integer topological invariant associated with the non-Abelian gauge field, corresponding to the combined winding of both phase and polarization. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 5, 2015 1:39PM - 1:51PM |
T9.00013: Experimental production of vortex beams in coherent Raman generation Alexandra Zhdanova, Miaochan Zhi, Kai Wang, Hua Xia, Alexei Sokolov Broadband coherent Raman generation provides a promising pathway toward production of ultrashort pulses and time-shaped laser fields. In addition, the transfer of topological charge and orbital angular momentum is a new field with many opportunities for discovery. We explore another dimension for light shaping, and add the possibility of transverse beam shaping by producing Laguerre-Gauss beams from spatial light modulators. Experimental results from the generation of Raman sidebands using optical vortices will be presented. In particular, a series of experiments on the helicity and transfer of higher order topological charge in each sideband will be discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 5, 2015 1:51PM - 2:03PM |
T9.00014: Thermotronics for thermal light Philippe Ben-Abdallah, Svend-Age Biehs The control of electric current in solids is at the origin of the modern electronics which have revolutionized our current life. The diode, the transistor and the volatile memory introduced respectively by Braun in 1846, Williams and Kilburn in 1946 and by Bardeen and Brattain in 1948 are undoubtedly the corner stones of almost all modern systems of information treatment. Such elementary devices allow for rectifying, switching, modulating and even amplifying the electric current and allow for storing bits of information. Similar devices which make possible the control of heat flow are not as widespread in our daily life. In 2000s Baowen Li et al. have proposed thermal counterparts of transistors and memories using phononic circuits made with interconnected solid segments. However, this technology suffers from some weakness (slow operating speed, presence of Kapitza resistance which strongly reduced the magnitude heat flux) of fundamental nature which intrinsically limit its performances. In this work we discuss the possibility of a contactless technology for the thermal management of systems from nano to macroscale by introducing the concepts of radiative thermal diodes, radiative transistor and radiative thermal memory. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 5, 2015 2:03PM - 2:15PM |
T9.00015: Apodized Volume Bragg Gratings Sergiy Mokhov Reflective and transmissive volume Bragg grating (VBGs) are widely used in high power laser applications because of their large operational aperture and robustness. They are fabricated in photosensitive material through holographic recording of uniform interference pattern of two overlapping coherent waves obtained by splitting a flat-top shaped laser beam. The following thermal treatment produces permanent refractive index modulation (RIM). Reflective VBGs have fringes parallel to operational anti-reflective coated surfaces and they demonstrate narrow reflection bandwidth. Transmissive VBGs are cut with fringes perpendicular to surfaces and they are characterized by narrow angular selectivity. Uniform RIM causes secondary lobes in corresponding reflection and transmission spectra due to sharp boundary conditions for volume Bragg diffraction. We propose to create apodization of RIM by recording two interference patterns with slightly different parameters in the same volume which would create slow varying moire envelope of amplitude of RIM. Cutting the specimen at zeros of moire envelope with one sine semi-period thickness will produce VBGs apodized at sides which will reduce parasitic secondary lobes in spectra. In reflection geometry, two patterns of the same orientation with slightly different periods are required for apodization along Bragg wave vector. In transmission case, recording of the same interference patterns with small mutual rotation angle provides apodization in direction perpendicular to Bragg wave vector. Modeling results show significant improvement in selective properties of VBGs with such moire apodization. [Preview Abstract] |
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