Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2015
Volume 60, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 2–6, 2015; San Antonio, Texas
Session B53: Invited Session: Two-Dimensional Materials: Nanophotonics, Plasmonics and Polaritonics |
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Sponsoring Units: DCMP Chair: Dmitiri Basov, University of California, San Diego Room: Grand Ballroom C3 |
Monday, March 2, 2015 11:15AM - 11:51AM |
B53.00001: Nanoimaging and manipulation of plasmons in graphene Invited Speaker: Rainer Hillenbrand A promising solution for active control of light on the nanometer scale are plasmons in graphene, which offer ultra-short wavelengths, long lifetimes, strong field confinement, and tuning possibilities by electrical gating [J. Chen, et al., Nature 487, 77 (2012); Z. Fei, et al., Nature 487, 82 (2012)]. The huge momentum mismatch between graphene plasmons and photons, however, presents a major technological challenge. Here, we present and discuss the coupling of incoming light into propagating graphene plasmons based on resonant optical antennas, constituting an essential step for the development of graphene plasmonic circuits [P. Alonso-Gonz\'alez, et al., Science 344, 1369 (2014)]. By interferometric near-field microscopy we mapped the propagating plasmons launched by the antennas. Visualizing the plasmon wavefronts, the near-field images show how graphene plasmons can be focused by tailoring the antenna geometry, and how plasmon refraction can be achieved by spatially modulating the graphene conductivity. We further discuss the remarkably strong plasmon reflection at nanometer-size gaps in the graphene layer [J. Chen, et al., Nano Lett. 13, 6210 (2013)], and propose the coupling of light to graphene plasmons by compressing surface polaritons with tapered bulk materials [A.Y. Nikitin, et al, Nano Lett. 14, 2896 (2014)]. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 2, 2015 11:51AM - 12:27PM |
B53.00002: Loss mechanisms in graphene plasmonics Invited Speaker: Marco Polini ``Dirac'' plasmons are self-sustained carrier density oscillations that occur in a doped graphene sheet. These collective modes have recently attracted enormous experimental and theoretical interest for their potential use in plasmonics [1]. In this talk I will discuss the two most important figures of merit of ``graphene plasmonics,'' namely the ratio between the Dirac plasmon wavelength and the illumination wavelength, and the Dirac plasmon damping rate. I will emphasize the subtle difference between plasmon lifetime and Drude transport scattering time. I will then present a theoretical framework that enables fully microscopic calculations of Dirac plasmon damping rates due to electron-electron [2], electron-impurity [3], and electron-phonon [4] collisions. Finally, I will conclude by discussing how our theoretical predictions compare with recent accurate measurements [5] in high-quality graphene sheets encapsulated in boron nitride.\\[4pt] Work done in collaboration with A. Principi, M. Carrega, G. Vignale, A. Woessner, M.B. Lundeberg, Y. Gao, P. Alonso-Gonz\'{a}lez, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, J. Hone, R. Hillenbrand, and F.H.L. Koppens. \\[4pt] [1] A.N. Grigorenko, M. Polini, and K.S. Novoselov, Nature Photon. \textbf{6}, 749 (2012).\\[0pt] [2] A. Principi, G. Vignale, M. Carrega, and M. Polini, Phys. Rev. B \textbf{88}, 195405 (2013).\\[0pt] [3] A. Principi, G. Vignale, M. Carrega, and M. Polini, Phys. Rev. B \textbf{88}, 121405(R) (2013).\\[0pt] [4] A. Principi, M. Carrega, M.B. Lundeberg, A. Woessner, F.H.L. Koppens, G. Vignale, and M. Polini, Phys. Rev. B \textbf{90}, 165408 (2014).\\[0pt] [5] A. Woessner, M.B. Lundeberg, Y. Gao, A. Principi, P. Alonso-Gonz\'{a}lez, M. Carrega, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, G. Vignale, M. Polini, J. Hone, R. Hillenbrand, and F.H.L. Koppens, Nature Mater. (in press) and arXiv:1409.5674. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 2, 2015 12:27PM - 1:03PM |
B53.00003: Tunable plasmonic emission of radiation in graphene Invited Speaker: Harry Atwater Materials at finite temperatures emit electromagnetic radiation due to the thermally induced motion of particles and quasiparticles. The radiated power is dictated by the electromagnetic energy density and emissivity, which are ordinarily fixed properties of the material and temperature. Recent experiments have shown, however, that the emissivity of a material may be modified through surface patterning to allow for thermal radiation that is coherent, unidirectional and spectrally narrow. We show that electronically tunable, dynamic control of emissivity can be achieved in blackbody radiators whose surface is coated with a thin layer of variable emissivity. Specifically, we experimentally demonstrate tunable electronic control of blackbody emission from graphene plasmonic resonators on a silicon nitride substrate at temperatures up to 250$^{\circ}$ C. We show that the graphene resonators produce antenna-coupled blackbody radiation, manifest as narrow spectral emission peaks in the mid-IR. By continuously varying the nanoresonator carrier density, the frequency and intensity of these spectral features can be modulated via an electrostatic gate. We describe these phenomena as plasmonically enhanced radiative emission originating from loss channels associated with both plasmon decay in the graphene sheet and from vibrational modes in the SiN$_{\mathrm{x}}$. This work opens the door for future devices that may control blackbody radiation at timescales beyond the limits of conventional thermo-optic modulation. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 2, 2015 1:03PM - 1:39PM |
B53.00004: Van der Waals heterostructures for photodetection and light harvesting Invited Speaker: Andras Kis MoS$_{2}$ and transition metal dichalcogenides have opened numerous research directions and potential applications for this diverse family of nanomaterials. The combination of these 2D materials in heterostructures can result in a huge number of potentially interesting new materials. Most of the attention in this field is focused on heterostructures composed of different 2D materials. In my talk, I will present some of our recent efforts in this direction, oriented towards realizing combinations of 2D and 3D materials into van der Waals heterostructures. I will report on high-performance photodetectors based on 2D/3D heterostructures that can operate with internal gain and high sensitivity. Our devices also show very low noise, due to the unique architecture of the 2D/3D heterojunction. Next, I will give an update on our efforts to realize high-performance electrical circuits based on TMD materials. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 2, 2015 1:39PM - 2:15PM |
B53.00005: Hyperbolic phonon polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride Invited Speaker: Siyuan Dai Uniaxial materials whose axial and tangential permittivities have opposite signs are referred to as indefinite or hyperbolic media. While hyperbolic responses are normally achieved with metamaterials, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) naturally possesses this property due to the anisotropic phonons in the mid-infrared. Using scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy, we studied polaritonic phenomena in hBN. We performed infrared nano-imaging of highly confined and low-loss hyperbolic phonon polaritons in hBN. The polariton wavelength was shown to be governed by the hBN thickness according to a linear law persisting down to few atomic layers [Science, 343, 1125--1129 (2014)]. Additionally, we carried out the modification of hyperbolic response in heterostructures comprised of a mononlayer graphene deposited on hBN. Electrostatic gating of the top graphene layer allows for the modification of wavelength and intensity of hyperbolic phonon polaritons in bulk hBN. The physics of the modification originates from the plasmon-phonon coupling in the hyperbolic medium. Furthermore, we demonstrated the ``hyperlens'' for subdiffractional imaging and focusing using a slab of hBN. [Preview Abstract] |
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