Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2013
Volume 58, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 18–22, 2013; Baltimore, Maryland
Session U21: Nanotechnology Applications: Advances in Sensors and Therapies |
Hide Abstracts |
Sponsoring Units: FIAP Chair: Michael Naughton, Boston College Room: 323 |
Thursday, March 21, 2013 11:15AM - 11:27AM |
U21.00001: Protein typing of circulating microvesicles allows real-time monitoring of glioblastoma therapy Huilin Shao, Jaehoon Chung, Leonora Balaj, Ralph Weissleder, Hakho Lee Glioblastomas shed large quantities of small, membrane-bound microvesicles (MVs) into the circulation. While these hold promise as potential biomarkers of therapeutic response, there remain hurdles to their identification and quantitation. Here, we describe a highly sensitive and rapid analytical technique for profiling circulating MVs directly from blood samples of glioblastoma patients. MVs, introduced onto a dedicated microfluidic chip, are labeled with target-specific magnetic nanoparticles and detected by a miniaturized nuclear magnetic resonance system. Compared with current standard assays (e.g., Western blotting, ELISA and flow cytometry), this integrated system has a much higher detection sensitivity, and can differentiate glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) MVs from non-tumor host cell-derived MVs. The system further showed that circulating GBM MVs could serve as a surrogate for primary tumor by reflecting its molecular signature and a predictor of treatment-induced changes. We expect that this converging nanotechnology platform would have a wide range of applications, providing both an earlier indicator of drug efficacy and a potential molecular stratifier for human clinical trials. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 21, 2013 11:27AM - 11:39AM |
U21.00002: Bioelectronic Device Mimicking Human Sensory System based on Nanovesicle-Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Structure Daesan Kim, Hye Jun Jin, San Hun Lee, Tae Hyun Kim, Juhun Park, Hyun Seok Song, Tai Hyun Park, Seunghun Hong We have developed a nanovesicle-based bioelectronic nose (NBN) that could mimic the receptor-mediated signal transmission of human olfactory systems and recognize a specific odorant. The NBN was comprised of a single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT)-based field effect transistor and cell-derived nanovesicles containing human olfactory receptors and calcium ion signal pathways. Importantly, the NBN took advantages of cell signal pathways for sensing signal amplification. It enabled $\sim $100 times higher sensitivity than that of previous bioelectronic noses based on only olfactory receptor protein and CNT transistors. The NBN sensors exhibited a high sensitivity of 1 fM detection limit and a human-like selectivity with single-carbon-atomic resolution. Furthermore, these sensors could mimic a receptor-mediated cellular signal transmission in live cells. This versatile sensor platform should be useful for the study of molecular recognition and biological processes on cell membranes and also for various practical applications such as food conditioning and medical diagnostics. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 21, 2013 11:39AM - 11:51AM |
U21.00003: Fabrication of Wearable Sensors for Human Health Monitoring through Magnetically Directed Assembly Techniques Azar Alizadeh, Jeffrey Ashe, Matthew Misner, Yanzhe Yang, Sheng Zhong, Ming Yin, Joleyn Brewer, Jason Karp Many previous efforts to modify patient monitors for remote or wearable use have suffered from high cost, poor performance, and low medical acceptance. A new technology approach is needed to enable these clinical benefits and to satisfy challenging economic, clinical, and user-acceptance criteria. Here, we present results on our initial efforts aimed at designing and building a prototype multi-wavelength arrayed photoplethysmograph (PPG) by using magnetically directed self-assembly (MDSA). We will discuss novel approaches in magnetic nanomaterial design, synthesis and deposition to enable MDSA based manufacturing. We will also demonstrate that multiple devices can be deposited through heterogeneous MDSA. The novel MDSA technology could make such PPG sensors a reality. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 21, 2013 11:51AM - 12:03PM |
U21.00004: Low-power, fast, selective nanoparticle-based hydrogen sulfide gas sensor Allen Sussman, William Mickelson, A. Zettl We demonstrate a small, low-cost, low-power, highly sensitive, and selective nanomaterials-based gas sensor. A network of tungsten oxide nanoparticles is heated by an on-chip microhotplate while the conductance of the network is monitored. The device can be heated with short pulses, thereby drastically lowering the power consumption, without diminishing the sensor response. The sensor shows high sensitivity to hydrogen sulfide and does not have significant cross sensitivities to hydrogen, water, or methane, gases likely to be present in operation. A sensing mechanism is proposed, and its effect on electronic properties is discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 21, 2013 12:03PM - 12:15PM |
U21.00005: Nanocoax-based molecular imprint polymer for electrochemical biosensor Binod Rizal, Michelle Archibald, Laura Simko, Timothy Connolly, Stephen Shepard, Michael J. Burns, Thomas C. Chiles, Michael J. Naughton We have used molecular imprint polymerization (MIP) on planar, nanopillar, and nanocoax structures to fabricate label-free, all-electronic electrochemical biosensors with high selectivity and sensitivity. MIP-based films of $\sim$ 7 nm thickness are formed on gold-coated surfaces by electropolymerization of a solution containing phenol and a target protein (streptavidin, at 100 $\mu $g/ml, or 1 nanomole concentration) and subsequent removal of exposed target protein, leaving behind its molecular imprint. With its molecular memory, MIP subsequently specifically recognizes and binds target protein with attomolar sensitivity, detected via differential pulse voltammetry. We will discuss and compare the results of MIP for different proteins on planar, nanopillar, and nanocoax structures, along with their respective ultimate sensitivities. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 21, 2013 12:15PM - 12:27PM |
U21.00006: High-Q Gold and Silicon Nitride Bilayer Nanostrings Tushar S. Biswas, Abdul Suhel, Bradley D. Hauer, Alberto Palomino, Kevin S.D. Beach, John P. Davis Nanostrings are attractive for sensing applications due to their small mass and ease of fabrication, yet very high quality factors ($Q$). We have fabricated and measured nanostrings from high stress silicon nitride resulting in high $Q$, and have discerned the dominant dissipation mechanism in our devices. This will provide a method to further improve our devices. In addition, to render our strings chemically sensitive, we decided to deposit a chemically functionalizable layer on the top of our strings. We have shown that the addition of a gold layer for this purpose does not adversely affect the $Q$ of the fundamental mode. As an added bonus, the differences in thermal expansion between different layers make the strings sensitive to temperature changes. This enables actuation of the strings' motion using an alternating current though the gold layer, via a thermoelastic mechanism, and provides integrated actuation that averts any external actuation scheme. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 21, 2013 12:27PM - 12:39PM |
U21.00007: Real-Time Control of Biological Motor Activity using Graphene-polymer Hybrid Bioenergy Storage Device Dong Jun Lee, Kyung-Eun Byun, Dong Shin Choi, Eunji Kim, Daesan Kim, David Seo, Heejun Yang, Sunae Seo, Seunghun Hong Biological motors have been drawing an attention as a key component for highly efficient nanomechanical systems. For such applications, many researchers have tried to control the activity of motor proteins through various methods such as microfluidics or UV-active compounds. However, these methods have some limitations such as the incapability of controlling local biomotor activity and a slow response rate. Herein, we developed a graphene-polymer hybrid nanostructure-based bioenergy storage device which enables the real-time control of biomotor activity. In this strategy, graphene layers functionalized with amine groups were utilized as a transparent electrode supporting the motility of biomotors. And conducting polymer patterns doped with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were electrically deposited on the graphene and utilized for the fast release of ATP by electrical stimuli through the graphene. Such controlled release of ATP allowed us to control the motility of actin filaments propelled by myosin biomotors in real time. This strategy should enable integrated nanodevices for the real-time control of biological motors to the nanodevices, which can be a significant stepping stone toward hybrid nanomechanical systems based on motor proteins. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 21, 2013 12:39PM - 12:51PM |
U21.00008: Graphene for Biomedical Implants Thomas Moore, Ramakrishna Podila, Frank Alexis, Apparao Rao In this study, we used graphene, a one-atom thick sheet of carbon atoms, to modify the surfaces of existing implant materials to enhance both bio- and hemo-compatibility. This novel effort meets all functional criteria for a biomedical implant coating as it is chemically inert, atomically smooth and highly durable, with the potential for greatly enhancing the effectiveness of such implants. Specifically, graphene coatings on nitinol, a widely used implant and stent material, showed that graphene coated nitinol (Gr-NiTi) supports excellent smooth muscle and endothelial cell growth leading to better cell proliferation. We further determined that the serum albumin adsorption on Gr-NiTi is greater than that of fibrinogen, an important and well understood criterion for promoting a lower thrombosis rate. These hemo-and biocompatible properties and associated charge transfer mechanisms, along with high strength, chemical inertness and durability give graphene an edge over most antithrombogenic coatings for biomedical implants and devices. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 21, 2013 12:51PM - 1:03PM |
U21.00009: Controlling the drug release rate from electrospun phospholipid polymer nanofibers with micro-patterned diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating Soki Yoshida, Terumitsu Hasebe, Tetsuya Suzuki, Atsushi Hotta An effective way of controlling drug release from polymer fibers coated with thin diamond-like carbon (DLC) film was introduced. It is highly expected that electrospinning will produce polymer fiber and useful for drug delivery systems. The drug release rate should be rather precisely controlled in order to prevent side effects due to the burst drug-release from polymers. Our previous research has already revealed that the micro-patterned DLC could control the drug release rate from biocompatible polymer films. In this study, the drug release profile of the polymer fibers with DLC was investigated. Hydrophilic 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) was selected as a typical biocompatible polymer. It is well known that the MPC polymers show good hemocompatibility and that both MPC and DLC are excellent biocompatible materials with antithrombogenicity. The DLC/MPC composites could therefore be extensively utilized for blood-contacting medical devices. The percentile covered area with patterned DLC on MPC fibers containing drug was varied from 0{\%} (without DLC) to 100{\%} (fully covered). It was found that the drug eluting profiles could be effectively controlled by changing the covered area of micro-patterned DLC coatings on MPC. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 21, 2013 1:03PM - 1:15PM |
U21.00010: New Approaches to Targeted Drug Delivery James Cooper, William Oliver, Daniel Fologea For targeted drug delivery, one of the primary drawbacks lies with the inability to design a delivery system that can be loaded with a variety of drugs and biomolecules. Motivated by this challenge, we will present data showing 400 nm liposomes loaded via the novel method of lysenin pores. These pores are approximately 3 nm in diameter and can be closed with divalent and trivalent ions in addition to charged polymers. This new method allows for the controllable passage of large biomolecules such as DNA and protein without the inherent problems common to active and passive loading methods. We will show proof-of-concept results of this method using fluorescent calcein as a drug simulator. Furthermore, data demonstrating current attempts at loading DNA will also be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 21, 2013 1:15PM - 1:27PM |
U21.00011: Nonspecific targeting of iron oxide nanoparticles to the liver, kidney and spleen: A novel approach to achieving specificity Maheshika Palihawadana Arachchige, Amanda Flack, Xuequn Chen, Jing Li, David Oupicky, Y.-C. Norman Cheng, Yimin Shen, Bhanu Jena, Gavin Lawes Recently, there has been significant interest in developing Fe$_{3}$O$_{4}$ nanoparticles for biomedical applications including targeted~drug delivery and magnetic resonance imaging. One of the major problems in these applications is the undesirable filtration of these materials by the mononuclear phagocyte system. Preliminary magnetic resonance imaging and magnetization studies on hyaluronic acid coated nanoparticles injected intravenously into mice confirm that the nanoparticles accumulate in the liver, spleen, and kidneys. To identify whether certain specific proteins are responsible for nanoparticle accumulation in these organs, we exposed hyaluronic acid coated nanoparticles to proteins extracted from the liver, spleen, and kidneys, together with blood plasma proteins, then subsequently used gel electrophoresis and mass spectroscopy to identify the proteins binding to the nanoparticles. We find that the unwanted accumulation of nanoparticles in these organs can potentially be attributed to specific binding by a small number of proteins. By appropriately functionalizing the iron oxide nanoparticles, we expect that the nanoparticles uptake in the liver, spleen, and kidneys will be reduced. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 21, 2013 1:27PM - 1:39PM |
U21.00012: ABSTRACT WITHDRAWN |
Thursday, March 21, 2013 1:39PM - 1:51PM |
U21.00013: Interaction of Nucleobases with Semiconducting Nanotubes and Nanocages: Does the Solvent Matter? Zhoufei Wang, William Slough, Haiying He, Ravindra Pandey, Shashi Karna The tremendous advancement in nanotechnology has brought great promise in the area of bio-applications. Nanoscale materials and structures have attracted a lot of interest for their potential applications in biosensing, biorecognition, luminescent probes for DNA, biomedical labeling, drug delivery etc. Gaining fundamental understanding of the interaction of bio-systems with nanomaterials is critical in putting all these applications into full play. Despite the fact that most of these interactions appear in aqueous environment, the solvent effect has often been neglected in previous computational studies. In this talk, we will report our comparison study of nucleobases interacting with BN nanotubes and chalcogenide nanocages with/without considering the aqueous solution, based on first-principles calculations. The results reveal a significant effect from the water solution, which may largely reduce the interaction energy due to the polarization of the dielectric solvent medium. [Preview Abstract] |
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